social separation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
Y. B. Rajeshwari ◽  
V. M. Patil ◽  
R. R. Yadav ◽  
S. M. Ali ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu Alberto Cavazani de FREITAS ◽  
Cesar Augusto TACONELI ◽  
José Luiz Padilha da SILVA ◽  
Priscilla Regina TAMIOSO ◽  
Carla Forte Maiolino MOLENTO

Animal behavior studies usually produce large amounts of data and a wide variety of data structures, including nonlinear relationships, interaction effects, nonconstant variance, correlated measures, overdispersion, and zero inflation, among others. We aimed to explore here the potential of generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) in analyzing data from animal behavior studies. Data from 20 Romane ewes from two genetic lineages submitted to brushing by a familiar observer were analyzed. Behavioral responses through ear posture changes, a count random variable, and the proportion of time to perform the horizontal ear posture, a continuous random variable on the interval (0,1), with non-null probabilities in zero and one, were analyzed. The Poisson, negative binomial, and their zero-inflated and zero-adjusted extensions models were considered for the count data, whereas the beta distribution and its inflated versions were evaluated for the proportions. Random effects were also included to consider the multilevel structure of the experiment. The zero adjusted negative binomial model has better fitted the count data, whereas the inflated beta distribution performed the best for the proportions. Both models allowed us to properly assess the effects of social separation, brushing, and genetic lineages on sheep behavioral. We may conclude that GAMLSS is a flexible framework to analyze animal behavior data.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2694
Author(s):  
Anna Stachurska ◽  
Anna Wiśniewska ◽  
Witold Kędzierski ◽  
Monika Różańska-Boczula ◽  
Iwona Janczarek

Horses in a herd develop and maintain a dominance hierarchy between all individuals. There are many situations in riding facilities and studs in which horses have to be separated out of a group. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of behaviours, level of locomotor activity and cardiac activity variables in a herd of horses during a short social separation of individuals differently ranked in the dominance hierarchy. Twelve adult Arabian mares were involved. A behavioural test had been performed before the main experiment to determine the rank order of the mares in this social herd. Three tests were performed when a dominant, mixed and submissive three-member group of mares was separated for 10 min. The response of the remaining herd was determined by a rate of behaviours, time of locomotor activity and cardiac parameters. The results of the experiment reveal evident changes towards emotional arousal in the social herd elicited by a short separation of some conspecifics. The herd created by humans preserves the sensitivity to a temporary loss of its members. The response of the remaining herd does not depend strictly on the composition of the separated mares regarding their rank in the dominance hierarchy.


Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Riduan Parvez

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has escalated social discrimination against migrants around the world. However, research on the forms of social stigma faced by the returned migrants in their home countries is absent. Based on in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi migrants who returned from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article explores their experiences of discrimination and social harassment in Bangladesh. Drawing on Link’s and Phelan’s (2001) conceptual framework of social stigma, this study finds that returned migrants experienced different forms of social harassment and stigmatization, including labeling, stereotyping, social separation, status loss, and discrimination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Saba Yaqoob ◽  
Nayab Iftikhar ◽  
Hafsa Noreen ◽  
Rabia Qamar ◽  
Azzam Khan ◽  
...  

Introduction: Personal satisfaction (Quality of Life; QoL) is the person's impression of their own prosperity. Aphasia is the most significant likely result of stroke and profoundly affects a patient's life, causing enthusiastic pain, sadness, and social separation, because of loss of language capacities. Objective: To document personal satisfaction in patients with aphasia. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a Speech Clinic from October 2018 to March 2019 on 57 patients of aphasia to assess their quality of life. Informed consent was taken from respondents. Patients having aphasia due to any neurological cause or traumatic brain injury were included in study, while patients having childhood aphasia were excluded. Standardized questionnaire “Measuring changes in Quality of life in persons with aphasia: Is Communication Confidence a good measure?” was used to obtain information from participants through purposive sampling. Data were collected by face to face interviews with patients and their caregivers. Descriptive data analysis was done through SPSS. Results: Majority (68.42%) of respondents did not feel confident about their ability to convey meaning via speech with people. Difficulties in social communication were also a reason of concern for 45.61% participants, whereas 50.87% participants stated that they could not make their decisions. Conclusion: Patients suffering from aphasia had low quality of life, mainly due to their communication disabilities and dependence on other people for understanding, as well as the fact that their caretakers had to take decisions for them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahideen Afridi ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Nasir Ali Khan ◽  
Abid Khan ◽  
Feifei Wang ◽  
...  

The outbreak of COVID-19 was emerged initially in Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019 then quickly spread throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed it a public health emergency of global concern and is causing cumulative alarm. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 virus is composed of ssRNA having 60-120 nm of genomic diameter. It has high infection ability and a low mortality rate then (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). Now a vaccine has been developed for the treatment of COVID-19. The prevention of existing viruses must be followed by WHO guidance i.e. social separation, washing hands regularly, disinfecting use in the workplace and home. Here we summarize the origin, prevalence, diagnosis, treatments, as well listed of vaccines against the COVID-19 virus. The main aim of the current review article comprises data obtained from current research papers and WHO recommendations to prevention, care, trial with a new investigation of research, treatment, an invention of updated vaccines, and provide bibliophiles through the present information on the emerging contagious outbreak.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Campana

This major research paper presents a spatial analysis of GO Transit’s accessibility coach and explores accessibility and transportation using service design theory. Social implications are also investigated in order to understand the communication of spaces for those with physical disability. There are three guiding questions in this case study, which are: (1) How is the GO Train passenger carrier car designed for able and disabled riders? (2) What kinds of choices are available to able and disabled riders while using the GO Train’s accessibility coach? (3) What implications do these choices and affordances suggest about the separation of able and disabled riders? To address these questions, an observational study of the accessibility coach was conducted. The data collected yielded qualitative data that was then analyzed using concepts informed by service design theory, accessibility scholarship and social separation concepts. The findings of this study indicate that.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Campana

This major research paper presents a spatial analysis of GO Transit’s accessibility coach and explores accessibility and transportation using service design theory. Social implications are also investigated in order to understand the communication of spaces for those with physical disability. There are three guiding questions in this case study, which are: (1) How is the GO Train passenger carrier car designed for able and disabled riders? (2) What kinds of choices are available to able and disabled riders while using the GO Train’s accessibility coach? (3) What implications do these choices and affordances suggest about the separation of able and disabled riders? To address these questions, an observational study of the accessibility coach was conducted. The data collected yielded qualitative data that was then analyzed using concepts informed by service design theory, accessibility scholarship and social separation concepts. The findings of this study indicate that.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Pinias Chikuvadze ◽  
Lydia K. Magutsa ◽  
Judith Musengi ◽  
Getrude Gonzo

In sub-Saharan African countries, school-going single mothers are a rapidly growing new form of family. However, this pervasive phenomenon and its influence on child development have caught miniature thought. It is in this context that this paper sought to gain insights from a literature perspective on challenges confronted by rural Zimbabwean school-going single mothers in child nurturing. This is a documentary review of information considered relevant to the issue under investigation. In this context, the literature method was used in generating, data from purposively sampled sources. Against this background, the analysis revealed that school-going single mothers encounter numerous challenges, such as the difficulty to maintain discipline and authority in their ‘new’ family setting, social ostracism through school-going single mothers, and their children's experience of adverse stances in social, emotional and economic obstacles. Thus, single mothers in these rural societies take on all the chores, child upkeep and in most cases are susceptible to social separation, which forms a situation, which does not bring up children’s social and cognitive development. In this context, it can therefore be concluded that these detected challenges influence how school-going single mothers in the rural Zimbabwe context nurture their children. It is against this background that we recommend that school-going single mothers are encouraged to find means of exercising positive parenting that ensures that their children are well-groomed and provided for.   Received: 11 February 2021 / Accepted: 20 April 2021 / Published: 17 May 2021


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-152
Author(s):  
Indulata Prasad

B. R. Ambedkar, the scholar, activist, and chief architect of the Indian constitution, in his early twentieth century works, referred to the untouchable quarters in India as ghettos. He recognized that untouchability was manifested through combining social separation with spatial segregation. Ambedkar’s theorization of untouchability can be applied along with feminist and Dalit scholars’ theories of the relationship between dynamic spatial experiences and the reworking of caste hierarchies to understand how securing control over productive assets, such as land, has altered social and spatial segregation in rural Bihar. Combined with narratives of the past and present, maps drawn by Bhuiyan Dalit women depicting the physical spaces they occupy in their village (i.e. housing, community center), the locations of sources of water and electricity, and the quality of the resources to which they have access demonstrate that gaining control over land following the Bodhgaya Land Movement (BGLM) of the late 1970s helped end the most overt and readily discernible forms of caste-based discrimination. Nevertheless, resource discrimination and spatial and social segregation continue, albeit more covertly. The logic of untouchability still undergirds social interactions in rural Bihar, preventing Dalits from fully realizing their rights as guaranteed by law.


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