IL-21 Is Increased in Peripheral Blood of Emphysema Mice and Promotes Th1/Tc1 Cell Generation In Vitro

Inflammation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-755
Author(s):  
Minchao Duan ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Xiaoning Zhong ◽  
Haijuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Generation

scholarly journals Phloretin Modulates Human Th17/Treg Cell Differentiation In Vitro via AMPK Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Jiao ◽  
Zhaoming Yang ◽  
Xibo Fu ◽  
Xiangdong Hua
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Treg Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Cell Generation ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Phosphorylation Level

Context. The imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell is involved in many immune disorders and diseases. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone structural flavonoid compound, possesses many bioactive properties. However, whether phloretin could impact on the differentiation of T cells is not completely clear. Objective. We conducted studies to explore the effect of phloretin on glucose uptake, proliferation, and differentiation of human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and investigated the mechanism of phloretin on inducing Th17/Treg development. Methods. Naïve CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, and polarized in vitro to generate Th17 or Treg cells. Glucose uptake, proliferation, cell cycle, protein expression (phospho-Stat3, phospho-Stat5), and Th17 and Treg cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling was analyzed by western blot. Results and Discussion. Phloretin could inhibit the glucose uptake and proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. The proliferation inhibition was due to the G0/G1 phase arrest. Phloretin decreased Th17 cell generation and phospho-Stat3 expression as well as increased Treg cell generation and phospho-Stat5 expression in the process of inducing Th17/Treg differentiation. The phosphorylation level of AMPK was significantly enhanced, while the phosphorylation level of mTOR was significantly decreased in activated CD4+ T cells under phloretin treatment. The AMPK signaling inhibitor compound C (Com C) could neutralize the effect of phloretin, while the agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) could impact the Th17/Treg balance similar to phloretin during Th17/Treg induction. Conclusion. Our results suggest that phloretin can mediate the Th17/Treg balance by regulating metabolism via the AMPK signal pathway.

Apoptosis and proliferation ofperipheral blood T-cells as alternative processes in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Lugovaya ◽  
N. M. Kalinina ◽  
V. Ph. Mitreikin ◽  
Yu. P. Kovaltchuk ◽  
A. V. Artyomova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Autoreactive T Cells ◽  
Alternative Processes

Apoptosis, along with proliferation, is a form of lymphocyte response to activating stimuli. In the early stages of cell differentiation, the apoptotic response prevails and it results to the formation of tolerance to inductor antigen. Mature lymphocytes proliferate in response to stimulation and it means the initial stage in the development of the immune response. Since in this case apoptosis and proliferation acts as alternative processes, their ratio can serve as a measure of the effectiveness of the cellular response to activating signals. The resistance of autoreactive T-cells to apoptosis is the main key point in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Autoreactive T-cells migrates from the bloodstream to the islet tissue of the pancreas and take an active part in b cells destruction. The resistance of autoreactive effector T-cells to apoptosis may suggest their high proliferative potential. Therefore, the comparative evaluation of apoptosis and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes can give a more complete picture of their functional state and thus will help to reveal the causes of ineffective peripheral blood T-ceiis apoptosis in patients with T1DM and will help to understand more deeply the pathogenesis of the disease. in this article, the features of proliferative response of peripheral blood T-cells in patients with T1DM and in individuals with high risk of developing T1DM have been studied. Apoptosis of T-cell subpopulations has been investigated. The correlation between the apoptotic markers and the intensity of spontaneous and activation- induced in vitro T-cells proliferation of was revealed. it was determined, that autoreactive peripheral blood T-cells were resistant to apoptosis and demonstrated the increased proliferative potential in patients with T1DM and in individuals with high risk of developing T1DM.

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