A low cost synthesis of fly ash-based mesoporous nanocomposites for production of hydrogen by photocatalytic water-splitting

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 5571-5578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojun Zhang ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Jun Shang ◽  
Hanxuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

scholarly journals Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Aolin Lu ◽  
Chuan-Jian Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

AbstractAs a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use, which constitutes the central focus of this review. It will start with an introduction of the water splitting performance evaluation of various electrocatalysts in terms of activity, stability, and efficiency. This will be followed by outlining current knowledge on the two half-cell reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in terms of reaction mechanisms in alkaline and acidic media. Recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble-metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts will be discussed. New strategies and insights in exploring the synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites of the nanostructured electrocatalysts for increasing the electrocatalytic activity and stability in HER and OER will be highlighted. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water splitting electrolysis will also be outlined.

Al-doped nickel sulfide nanosheet arrays as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (47) ◽  
pp. 24244-24250
Author(s):  
Wenjun He ◽  
Fangqing Wang ◽  
Dongbo Jia ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Limin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Nickel Sulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts ◽  
Nanosheet Arrays ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The development of low-cost, high-activity, durable non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great importance in the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis.

scholarly journals Design of a Concentrator With a Rectangular Flat Focus and Operation With a Suspension Reactor for Experiments in the Field of Photocatalytic Water Splitting

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wullenkord ◽  
Christian Jung ◽  
Christian Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential route for future carbon-free production of hydrogen. However catalysts still need to be enhanced in order to reach acceptable solar-to-fuel efficiency. In the context of the project HyCats funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany a high performance test facility for the evaluation of the activity of photocatalysts under practical conditions was established. It mainly consists of a solar concentrator and a planar receiver reactor. A modified linear Fresnel concentrator configuration was chosen based on ray tracing simulation results and improved concerning the number of different facets and the tolerance of tracking errors. It meets the major demand of a homogeneous irradiance distribution on the surface of the reactor. The SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) is a 2-axis solar concentrator with a geometrical concentration ratio of 20.2 and an aperture area of 8.8 m2. The tracking accuracy is better than 0.1° respecting both the solar azimuth and altitude angle. Its 22 highly UV/Vis-reflective flat aluminum mirror facets reflect the sunlight resulting in a rectangular focus with a nominal width of 100 mm and a nominal length of 2500 mm. The reactor is placed in the focal plane at a distance of 2500 mm from the mounting plane of the facets and allows concentrated solar radiation to penetrate suspensions of water, electrolytes and photocatalyst particles flowing through it. Corresponding to a maximum angle of incidence of 36.6° the Quartz window reflects not more than 5% of the incoming radiation and assures only marginal absorption, particularly in the UV-part of the sun’s spectrum. The material of the receiver body is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) providing reflection coefficients above 90% concerning wavelengths of UV-A and UV-B. The design of the reactor features two parallel reaction chambers, offering the possibility to test two separate suspensions at the same irradiation conditions. A pump transports the tempered suspension to the reactor. The geometry of the reactor inlet and outlet minimizes critical regions with inadequate flow caused by vortices. Any evolved gases are separated from the suspension in a tank together with nitrogen introduced in the piping upstream and are analyzed by micro chromatographs. Numerous devices are installed in order to control and monitor the reaction conditions. First experiments have been carried out using methanol as a sacrificial reagent.

Pivotal Role of Chirality in Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) Water Splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yingfei Hu ◽  
Weimin Yang ◽  
Hangmin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Enthalpy Of Combustion ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

For decades, the over-exploitation of fossil fuel has made it urgent to develop alternative energy. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to generate hydrogen, which is referred to as the fuel of the future due to its high enthalpy of combustion and zero pollution. Though impressive progress has been made over the years, PEC water splitting efficiency is still far from volume production of hydrogen, and more efforts are required to reduce the overpotential, inhibit the yield of hydrogen peroxide by-product, improve the PEC current density, improve light-harvesting capability, and develop low-cost earth-abundant catalysts. Recently, chirality has shown to play a pivotal role in addressing the issues of PEC water splitting via the effect of chiralinduced spin controlling and chiral-enhanced light harvesting. It is high time to pay attention to the art of chirality in promoting water splitting efficiency. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed, the approaches to introducing chirality into photo/electronic catalysts for PEC water splitting are summarized, characterization techniques applied in this research field are summed up, the challenges of chirality-enhanced PEC water splitting are discussed, and based on the present achievements, its bright future is anticipated.

Phosphorus-doped porous carbon nitride for efficient sole production of hydrogen peroxide via photocatalytic water splitting with a two-channel pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3701-3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Cao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yajie Zhao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Qingyao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reactions ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Sacrificial Agent ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

The P-doped porous carbon nitride achieves photocatalytic water splitting via a two-channel pathway (water oxidation/oxygen reduction reactions) with high H2O2 yield of 1968 μmol g−1 h−1 under room temperature and normal pressure without sacrificial agent and cocatalyst.

CdS-Intercalated Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Production of Photocatalytic Water-Splitting

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Yao Jun Zhang ◽  
Du Ping Chen ◽  
Li Cai Liu ◽  
Ya Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Photoelectric Performance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Visible Spectra

A novel approach for synthesis of CdS-intercalated nanocomposites was investigated by thermal decomposition of cadmium thiourea complex embedded in the interlayer of montmorillonite. XRD results indicated that the incorporation of CdS into the interlayer of montmorillonite led to expansion of the layer spacing. The diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectra showed that the absorption edge of nanocomposites of CdS and montmorillonite was blue-shifted as compared with pure CdS due to quantum size effect. The photoelectric performance of nanocomposites was evaluated by photocatalytic water-splitting for production of hydrogen and the nanocomposites displayed much higher photocatalytic activities of H2 production than that of pure CdS owing to the synergistic effects between CdS and montmorillonite. A probable photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

Combining Co3S4 and Ni:Co3S4 nanowires as efficient catalysts for overall water splitting: an experimental and theoretical study

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2202-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Tang ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Yongqi Zhang ◽  
Marc Courté ◽  
Hong Jin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

In the quest for mass production of hydrogen from water electrolysis, to develop highly efficient, stable and low-cost catalysts is still the central challenge.

Biomolecular L-tryptophan as a hole mediator anchored on g-C3N4 exhibits remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Zhao ◽  
Tuck-Yun Cheang ◽  
Hanbao Chong ◽  
Cong Lin ◽  
Xiao-Jie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
H2 Evolution ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising approach to solar-to-fuel conversion. In recent years，graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has triggered worldwide interests due to its eco-friendly, low cost, and visible-light activity as...

Improved Efficiency and Stability of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanoparticles by Photodeposition of Co-Catalysts

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (59) ◽  
pp. 3923-3927
Author(s):  
Philip Kalisman ◽  
Lilac Amirav
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Cadmium Chalcogenide ◽  
Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots

ABSTRACTThe production of hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting is a potentially clean and renewable source for hydrogen fuel. Cadmium chalcogenides are attractive photocatalysts because they have the potential to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen using photons in the visible spectrum. Cadmium sulfide rods with embedded cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe@CdS) are particularly attractive because of their high molar absorptivity in the UV-blue spectral region, and their energy bands can be tuned; however, two crucial drawbacks hinder the implementation of these materials in wide spread use: poor charge transfer and photochemical instability.Utilizing photochemical deposition of co-catalysts onto CdSe@CdS substrates we can address each of these weaknesses. We report how novel co-catalyst morphologies can greatly increase efficiency for the water reduction half-reaction. We also report photostability for CdSe@CdS under high intensity 455nm light (a wavelength at which photocatalytic water splitting by CdSe@CdS is possible) by growing metal oxide co-catalysts on the surface of our rods.

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