Curing characteristics exploration of rubber compound by using capacitance sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muangjai Unruan ◽  
Sujitra Unruan ◽  
Nuttapon Pisitpipathsin ◽  
Rattikorn Yimnirun
Keyword(s):  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Curing Characteristics

Influence of N-Phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine Modified Epoxidized Palm Oil on Properties of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Compound and Vulcanizate

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supaporn Ieadsang ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ft Ir

Modified epoxidized palm oil (pA-m-EPO) was prepared by a reaction of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) with n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine. Chemical structure of the pA-m-EPO was characterized by using FT-IR spectrophotometer. Influence of the pA-m-EPO on bound rubber content, total mixing energy, Mooney viscosity and curing characteristics of carbon black filled natural rubber compound together with mechanical and morphological properties of carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates was later studied. Results showed that the NR compound and vulcanizate with using the pA-m-EPO gave inferior properties than those of using the aromatic oil. However, they provided better properties than those of the treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) excepting filler dispersion. Furthermore, the pA-m-EPO can be claimed as non-carcinogenic processing oil with low polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Curing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rattan Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komethi Muniandy ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nadras Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Rubber Filler

Rattan for its potential as a new type of filler was investigated in natural rubber (NR) compounds. Natural rubber (NR) compounds were prepared by the incorporation of rattan at different loadings into a natural rubber matrix with a laboratory size two roll mill. The effect of rattan loading as filler on curing characteristics, tensile properties, morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rubber–filler interaction of rattan filled natural rubber compound were studied in the filler loading range of 0 to 30 phr. The results indicate that the scorch time (ts2) and cure time (t90) shorten with increasing filler loading, whereas the maximum torque (MH) showed an increasing trend. As the filler loading increases, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreases whilst tensile modulus; stress at 100 % elongation and stress at 300 % elongation increased. The rubber filler interactions of the rubber compound decreased with increasing filler loading. SEM studies indicate that the increasing rattan loading weakens the rubber-rattan interactions.

Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Curing Characteristics and Crosslink Density of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H.H. Shuhaimi ◽  
N.S. Ishak ◽  
Nadras Othman ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
S. Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Comparable Result ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cure Characteristic

Oil palm leaves is a waste material. Phenolic compound was extracted from oil palm leaves and know as natural antioxidant that could possibly used in natural rubber compound. The present study involves the effect of natural antioxidants that obtained from oil palm leaves on cure characteristics and crosslink density of natural rubber vulcanisate. The natural rubber had been cured at 160°C in three different vulcanization systems which were conventional (CV), efficient (EV) and semi-efficient (SEV). The cure characteristic was been conducted by using Mosanto Rheometer at 160°C for 30 minutes. For swelling test, the specimens were immersed in toluene solvent for 22 hours. The specimens were weighed before and after immersed. CV system showed better result in M90and curing rate due to higher degree of crosslinking as compared to SEV and EV system. Meanwhile, EV and SEV system showed comparable result in crosslink density with CV system. This is due stronger bonding between monosulphide crosslink. Finally, the results indicated that natural antioxidant has a tendency to substitute commercial antioxidant (TMQ) in the rubber field.

scholarly journals The Effecting of Physical Properties of Inorganic Fillers on Swelling Rate of Rubber Compound: A review Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Salih Abbas Habeeb ◽  
Zoalfokkar Kareem Alobad ◽  
Muayad Abdulhasan Albozahid
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Inorganic Fillers

The purpose of preparing the review manuscript is to highlight the importance of the physical specifications of the most important of inorganic fillers such as "carbon black" and "silica" that have good physical specifications as surface area, particle size distribution and surface chemistry. Moreover, study the effect of these specifications on the resistance of vulcanized rubber compound for swelling, which is one of the disadvantages to determine the expansion of its uses in industrial applications through the review of many types of research in this area. The results proved that there is a strong relationship between the curing characteristics of the rubber compound such as the time of curing, the scorch time in addition to the "curing rate index' (CRI) and mechanical properties especially the tensile strength and "density of cross-links" for reducing the swelling rate to the minimum. By increasing the "density of cross-links" and improve the specifications of vulcanization and mechanical specifications.

scholarly journals The influence of liquid rubber on selected properties of rubber compound and its vulcanizates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
S Brigantová ◽  
M Pajtášová ◽  
R Janík ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
S Ďurišová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Liquid Rubber ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Butadiene Styrene ◽  
General Conditions

Abstract The aim of the work was to determine the influence of liquid rubber on selected properties of rubber compound and its vulcanizates. Due to the liquid form of this rubber, it is not possible to completely replace the conventional solid rubber used in the mixture because of problems in further processing. In four experimental tests, we used different amounts of liquid rubber in the recipe together with butadiene-styrene rubber and the compounds we mixed according to the general conditions. We studied the curing characteristics of prepared mixture and we measuremend physical and mechanical properties of study vulcanizates and summarized the individual measured values for each parameter and suggested the greatest importance of the recipe for rubber practice.

scholarly journals COMPARATION OF RUBBER MILLING PROCESS TO PRODUCE NATURAL RUBBER COUMPOUNDS USING MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED LOCAL CLAY FILLER

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Abu Hasan ◽  
Martha Aznury ◽  
Indah Purnamasari ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Robert Junaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Better Than

COMPARISON OF RUBBER MILLING PROCESS TO PRODUCE NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS USING MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED LOCAL CLAY FILLER. Many researchers have studied the effect of modified clay as filler on rubber compounds for both natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Various chemicals are used as clay modifiers. In the rubber milling process, modified clay is directly used as filler after pretreatment with clay modifier. However, clay modifiers can also be milled together with original clay during the rubber mastication and milling process. Thus both of these methods certainly produce different physical properties, so the comparison of the two rubber milling processes is the focus of this research. The analysis of the curing characteristics and physical properties of vulcanized natural rubber was carried out with a rheometer and physical properties test units. Thermal analysis was carried out using TG/DTA and dispersion of filler on the rubber compound was analyzed by SEM. The results of the curing characteristic of the rubber compound and the physical properties of vulcanization showed that there was an effect due to the comparison of the rubber milling process. Modified clay using JH-S69 is better than JH-S69 milled with original clay and vice versa occurs in PEG 4000 which is used as clay modifier. PEG 4000 which is milled together with original clay produces curing characteristic and physical properties of vulcanization better than pretreatment of clay to be modified clay. This analysis is in line with the analysis using SEM.

Effects of Aging on the Morphology of Rubber-Brass Interfacial Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ashirgade ◽  
P. B. Harakuni ◽  
W. J. Vanooij
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Adhesion Promoter

Abstract Adhesion between rubber compound and brass-plated steel tire cord is crucial in governing the overall performance of tires. The rubber-brass interfacial adhesion is influenced by the chemical composition and thickness of the interfacial layer. It has been shown that the interfacial layer consists mainly of sulfides and oxides of copper and zinc. This paper discusses the effect of changes in the chemical composition and the structure of the interfacial layers due to addition of adhesion promoter resins. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments were run on sulfidized polished brass coupons previously bonded to five experimental rubber compounds. It was confirmed that heat and humidity conditions lead to physical and chemical changes of the rubber-steel tire cord interfacial layer, closely related to the degree of rubber-brass adhesion. Morphological transformation of the interfacial layer led to loss of adhesion after aging. The adhesion promoter resins inhibit unfavorable morphological changes in the interfacial layer, thus stabilizing it during aging and prolonging failure. Tire cord adhesion tests illustrated that the one-component resins improved adhesion after aging using a rubber compound with lower cobalt loading. Based on the acquired diffraction profiles, these resins were also found to impede crystallization of the sulfide layer after aging, leading to improved adhesion. Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles and scanning electron microscopy micrographs strongly corroborated the findings from GIXRD. This interfacial analysis adds valuable information to our understanding of the complex nature of the rubber-brass bonding mechanism.

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