scholarly journals The influence of liquid rubber on selected properties of rubber compound and its vulcanizates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
S Brigantová ◽  
M Pajtášová ◽  
R Janík ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
S Ďurišová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Liquid Rubber ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Butadiene Styrene ◽  
General Conditions

Abstract The aim of the work was to determine the influence of liquid rubber on selected properties of rubber compound and its vulcanizates. Due to the liquid form of this rubber, it is not possible to completely replace the conventional solid rubber used in the mixture because of problems in further processing. In four experimental tests, we used different amounts of liquid rubber in the recipe together with butadiene-styrene rubber and the compounds we mixed according to the general conditions. We studied the curing characteristics of prepared mixture and we measuremend physical and mechanical properties of study vulcanizates and summarized the individual measured values for each parameter and suggested the greatest importance of the recipe for rubber practice.

scholarly journals Studying the similarities of deformation properties of leather materials in the process of creating a model of shoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Leshchyshyn Mykolaivna ◽  
Svitlana Stepanivna Garkavenko ◽  
Antonina Ivanivna Babich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
The Individual

Determination of values and dependencies of deformation and physical and mechanical properties of materials of shoe models and finished products. According to the results of theoretical, analytical and marketing research, a number of experimental tests of materials have been carried out to prove the practical significance of the work, namely tests for: deformation of the vamp part of the product, uniaxial and biaxial stretching, bending, dry and wet friction, adhesion, elongation and tearing. There has been established the nature of the distribution of the total elongations of the samples of the vamps cut from different areas of the leather, as well as the ability of the leather material to be formed when improving the shape of the product or changing the shape of the shoetree. The processes of deformation of the vamp part of shoe blanks, physical and mechanical properties of different groups of modern materials and values analysis of similarity of their deformation properties have been studied. There has been created a working model-transformer for carrying out preliminary measurement of clients’ feet at the individual order. The expediency of these works has been proved experimentally. A working version of a model-transformer for foot measurements has been made and as a result of the works approbation, a sample of shoes has been made. The ergonomic properties of the manufactured footwear have been improved due to the use of materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. The article investigates the deformation of the most vulnerable vamp part of the men's model of a typical model, as well as the physical and mechanical characteristics of leather materials for manufacturing models and shoes of this type. Providing high quality and comfort of footwear, accuracy of parameters selection of foot measurement, zones of beams and achievement of form stability of footwear with a top from genuine leathers has been predicted.

SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT OF ORGANOCLAY AND DOUBLE NETWORKING IN NATURAL RUBBER

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari ◽  
Zahra Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extension Ratio ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Research was undertaken on natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with organoclays. A double-network (DN) structure is formed when a partially cross-linked elastomer is further cross-linked during a state of strain. Two methods were used in the preparation of NR/organoclay nanocomposites: the ordinary method (single-network NR nanocomposite) and double-networked NR (DN-NR) nanocomposites. The single-networked NR nanocomposites were used for comparison. The effects of organoclay (5 phr) with a different extension ratio on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behavior, and morphology of single- and double-networked NR nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that double-networked NR nanocomposites exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of DN-NR nanocomposites increased up to 33 MPa (more than four times greater than that of pure NR) and then decreased with an increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with an increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the NR/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different extension ratios on the dispersion of organoclay layers in the nanocomposites were investigated. Generally, results showed that the optimized extension ratio in DN nanocomposites was equal (or about or around) to α= 2.

scholarly journals Quartz Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites: Preparation and Characterization

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Sujan Kanti Das ◽  
Mithun Rani Nath ◽  
Rajib Chandra Das ◽  
Manas Mondal ◽  
Snahasis Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
The Individual

Compression molding has produced quartz-reinforced polyester composites (QPCs) weighing 10 to 40 per cent quartz relative to the weight of unsaturated polyester resin. Synergistic changes were made in the composite properties and were superior to those of the individual components. The composite's physical and  mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption , tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness have illustrated the competency of the composite being developed. It was found that for the resultant composite examined, the percentage of water absorption is very small. However, when quartz content were increased, water absorption grew very slowly. Enhancement of mechanical properties strongly corresponds to strong adhesion force of quartz with the matrix and it influenced by well-disperse quartz particles on the whole surface of composite. This paper also performed thermal characterization of the composites. Because of these remarkable properties, as prepared composite can find applications in packaging, fuel cell, solar cell, structural materials and households purposes.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER IN PRESENCE OF GRINDED VULCANIZATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Makarov ◽  
Nadezhda L. Guryleva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The method for recycling of rubber of different composition in granular state by introducing them into the polymerization medium at the synthesis of butadiene-styrene rubber was considerd. It was shown that rubber made on basis of such rubber, exhibits better physical and mechanical properties than at introducing grinded vulcanizate at producing these mixtures on rolls as well as through rubbers thermomechanical regeneration.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT OF CROSSLINKING AGENTS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL NET AND PROPERTIES OF STYRENE-ACRYLIC POLYMER FILMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Inna Slepchuk ◽  
Olga Ya. Semeshko ◽  
Tatiana S. Asaulyuk ◽  
Yuliya G. Saribekova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

The influence of crosslinking agents on the characteristics and properties of films from aqueous dispersions of styrene-acrylic polymers Lacritex 309, 430 and 640 was studied in order to obtain coatings on textile materials. Mono-, di- and triglycidyl esters are chosen as crosslinking agents. The choice of aqueous dispersions of polymers and crosslinkers is due to strict environmental requirements for textile products. By determining the amount of aceton-insoluble fractions of the formed polymer films, it was determined that the incorporation of crosslinkers is required in the Lacritex dispersion 640, and the films based on Lacritex 430 and 309 are distinguished by a high degree of intermolecular crosslinking. Optimum concentrations of crosslinkers have been established, which provide a high degree of curing of Lacritex 640. Using the sol-gel method, the structural parameters of the spatial nets of styrene-acrylic polymers (the part of sol fraction, the degree of crosslinking, the part of active chains, the average molecular weight of the chain segment, the crosslink density) were calculated. The polymer films from the individual polymer Lacritex 430 have the highest indexes of physic mechanical characteristics. Lacritex 640/Laproxide 703 compositions can be used as polymer matrixes for textile materials. The formation of crosslinks of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the styrene-acrylic polymer with epoxy groups of the crosslinking agent was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The investigation of the effect of water and soap-soda treatments at various temperatures shows that the films under study have high resistance to water and soap-soda solution. The results of investigation of the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the hardness of the coating surface by the Koenig method and the stickiness according to the FINAT method (Test Method Number 9) of the formed polymer films indicate high physical and mechanical properties such as increased mechanical strength and elasticity, reduced hardness and tackiness. Thus, based on the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the individual styrene-acrylic Lacritex polymers 309 and 430 provide the formation of a strong three-dimensional spatial structure of the polymer film and can be used without crosslinking agents. The use of Lacritex 640 is possible in the composition together with the Laproxide 703 crosslinking agent at an optimum concentration of 4%. A polymer film based on this composition has a high degree of crosslinking, and as a result, increased resistance to organic solvents, reduced hydrolytic degradation at high temperatures, and increased physico-mechanical properties. A polymer film based on this composition has a high degree of crosslinking, hence, has increased resistance to organic solvents, reduced hydrolytic degradation at high temperatures, and increased physical and mechanical properties. Forcitation:Slepchuk I., Semeshko O.Ya., Asaulyuk T.S., Saribekova Yu.G. Investigation of impact of rosslinking agents on characteristics of spatial net and properties of styrene-acrylic polymer films. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 7. P. 67-75

Synergistically improving the anti-reversion property of natural rubber by zinc glycerolate and zinc laurate as environmentally friendly activators

2020 ◽  
pp. 009524432094775
Author(s):  
Shunyu Yang ◽  
Qiwei Pan ◽  
Zhaohui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Filler Dispersion

Sulfur-vulcanized nature rubber (NR) usually accompanies with reversion, which is of great challenge to the application of the NR products. In this work, zinc glycerolate in combination with zinc laurate was incorporated into sulfur-vulcanized NR, for the purpose of effectively substituting the traditional activator zinc oxide. Curing characteristics, physical and mechanical properties and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the sulfur-vulcanized NR were investigated. Compared with solo addition of zinc glycerolate, zinc glycerolate/zinc laurate significantly improved the anti-reversion property of the sulfur-vulcanized NR. Incorporation of zinc laurate also enhanced the processing fluidity, filler dispersion, and rolling resistance of the sulfur-vulcanized NR. Moreover, the mole fraction of zinc was reduced by 51% with using zinc glycerolate/zinc laurate, compared with the traditional vulcanizates activated by zinc oxide. Our work provides a green approach to fabricate sulfur-vulcanized NR with outstanding anti-reversion performance.

Research on Fill Factor of Internal Mixers

2013 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Fu Qin Yang ◽  
Guan Ying Song ◽  
Chuan Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optimal Values

With the same recipe and technological conditions, experimental research on fill factor about rubber compound of all-steel radial tire was conducted in four types of X(S)M-1.7L mixers: intermeshing rotor mixer, variable intermeshing clearance mixer, shearing rotor mixer and variable shearing clearance mixer. Based on the summary and analysis of experiments, the authors discussed the influence of fill factor on performance of internal mixers and physical and mechanical properties of the rubber compound. And the optimal values of fill factor of different types mixer were determined.

scholarly journals Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Lemenkov ◽  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Compressibility Coefficient ◽  
High Level ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Logical Data

Abstract The paper presents technical application of TeX high-level, descriptive markup language for processing geological dataset from soil laboratory. Geotechnical measurements included equivalent soil cohesion, absolute and absolute deformation index, soil compressibility coefficient by time of immersion depth, exposure time to compressive strength to samples and physical and mechanical properties (humidity, density). Dataset was received from laboratory based experimental tests of the physical and mechanical properties of soils. Data were converted to csv table and processed by LaTeX. Methodology is based on LaTeX packages: {tikz}, {tikz-3dplot}, {tikzpicture}, {pgfplot}, {filecontetns}, {spy} for 3D plotting showing correlation in variables and descriptive statistical analysis based on the data array processing. Results demonstrated LaTeX scripts and graphics: 2D and 3D scatterplots, ternaries, bar charts, boxplots, zooming techniques detailing fragment of the plot, flowchart. Research novelty consists in technical approach of TeX language application for geo- logical data processing and graphical visualization. Engineering graphics by TeX was demonstrated with screenshots of the codes used for plotting.

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