Effects of Aging on the Morphology of Rubber-Brass Interfacial Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ashirgade ◽  
P. B. Harakuni ◽  
W. J. Vanooij
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Adhesion Promoter

Abstract Adhesion between rubber compound and brass-plated steel tire cord is crucial in governing the overall performance of tires. The rubber-brass interfacial adhesion is influenced by the chemical composition and thickness of the interfacial layer. It has been shown that the interfacial layer consists mainly of sulfides and oxides of copper and zinc. This paper discusses the effect of changes in the chemical composition and the structure of the interfacial layers due to addition of adhesion promoter resins. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments were run on sulfidized polished brass coupons previously bonded to five experimental rubber compounds. It was confirmed that heat and humidity conditions lead to physical and chemical changes of the rubber-steel tire cord interfacial layer, closely related to the degree of rubber-brass adhesion. Morphological transformation of the interfacial layer led to loss of adhesion after aging. The adhesion promoter resins inhibit unfavorable morphological changes in the interfacial layer, thus stabilizing it during aging and prolonging failure. Tire cord adhesion tests illustrated that the one-component resins improved adhesion after aging using a rubber compound with lower cobalt loading. Based on the acquired diffraction profiles, these resins were also found to impede crystallization of the sulfide layer after aging, leading to improved adhesion. Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles and scanning electron microscopy micrographs strongly corroborated the findings from GIXRD. This interfacial analysis adds valuable information to our understanding of the complex nature of the rubber-brass bonding mechanism.

scholarly journals Cation Doping Approach for Nanotubular Hydrosilicates Curvature Control and Related Applications

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Krasilin ◽  
Ekaterina K. Khrapova ◽  
Tatiana P. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Cation Doping ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Curvature Control ◽  
Uptake And Release

The past two decades have been marked by an increased interest in the synthesis and the properties of geoinspired hydrosilicate nanoscrolls and nanotubes. The present review considers three main representatives of this group: halloysite, imogolite and chrysotile. These hydrosilicates have the ability of spontaneous curling (scrolling) due to a number of crystal structure features, including the size and chemical composition differences between the sheets, (or the void in the gibbsite sheet and SiO2 tetrahedron, in the case of imogolite). Mineral nanoscrolls and nanotubes consist of the most abundant elements, like magnesium, aluminium and silicon, accompanied by uncontrollable amounts of impurities (other elements and phases), which hinder their high technology applications. The development of a synthetic approach makes it possible to not only to overcome the purity issues, but also to enhance the chemical composition of the nanotubular particles by controllable cation doping. The first part of the review covers some principles of the cation doping approach and proposes joint criteria for the semiquantitative prediction of morphological changes that occur. The second part focuses on some doping-related properties and applications, such as morphological control, uptake and release, magnetic and mechanical properties, and catalysis.

Fiber Adhesion to Rubber Compounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Wennekes ◽  
R. N. Datta ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
F. Elkink
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fiber Materials

Abstract The present paper provides an overview of literature published on fiber-rubber composites. A brief history of Fibers used in rubber applications is given. The emphasis is on the adhesion between fiber materials and rubber compounds. Special attention is given to the standard RFL-treatment and the double-dip treatment used for aramid and polyester Fibers to enhance the adhesion with rubber compounds. Some alternatives to the RFL-treatment are described: fiber surface roughening, adhesion promoter additives to the rubber compound, impregnated Fibers and plasma treatment.

The Study of GPIb-VWF Mediated Early-Stage Platelet Activation Triggering On a Single Cell

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1069-1069
Author(s):  
Lining Ju ◽  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
Miguel A. Cruz ◽  
Yunfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Biomembrane Force Probe ◽  
Interaction Kinetics ◽  
High Level ◽  
A1 Domain

Abstract Abstract 1069 Binding of GPIbα to VWF tethers platelets to disrupted vascular surface during the haemostatic process. The GPIbα –VWF interaction can also trigger outside-in signaling cascade, resulting in platelet activation, characterized by morphological transformation from discoid to a more spiky shape as well as activation of integrin α IIbβ3. Using the adhesion frequency assay with a biomembrane force probe (BFP), we studied signal initiation by repeated brief contacts of a single platelet with a glass bead coated with VWF-A1 domain and/or fibronectin III 7–10 domain (FNIII7–10) in a precisely controlled fashion (Fig. A). Contacting platelets with beads coated VWF-A1 only resulted in adhesion kinetics mediated by GPIbα –VWF interaction kinetics independent of the activation stage of the platelet. Contacting platelets with beads coated FNIII7–10 only resulted in adhesion kinetics that correlated with the activation stage of the platelet. Discoid-shaped platelets yielded low level adhesions mediated by FN interaction with inactive α IIbβ3 (Fig. B, blue). By comparison, spiky-shaped platelets produced high level adhesions mediated by FN interaction with activated α IIbβ3 (Fig. B, red)that was four times stronger than the interaction with inactive α IIbβ3. Contacting platelets with beads coated both VWF-A1 and FNIII7–10 resulted in two-stage adhesion kinetics. The first stage was mediated by GPIbα –VWF binding, which triggered a second stage consisting of an increase in adhesion after a sub-second delay. The second-stage binding coincided with morphological changes characteristic of platelet activation and matched that mediated by FN interaction with activated α IIbβ3. On the other hand, the concurrent calcium imaging showed as the platelet target was brought to the A1 bead in a repeating manner, the recorded calcium fluorescence intensity climbed up as the repeated touches continue (Fig. C). The peak temporally correlates with the morphological change. Our data indicates that binding of VWF-A1 to platelet GPIbα initiates outside-in signaling, leading to rapid irreversible platelet shape changes and calcium mobilization within a few seconds. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

X-Ray Spectrometry Study on Historical Decorative Glasses in Thailand: Lanna-Style Glass

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Pisutti Dararutana ◽  
Krit Won-In ◽  
Sawet Intarasiri ◽  
Teerasak Kamwanna ◽  
Somchai Tancharakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Glassy Materials

t was known that historical objects were highly heterogeneous. Due to the complex nature of materials and objects, extremely sensitive, spatially resolved, multi-elemental and versatile analytical instruments were needed. The techniques employed should be as a noninvasive as possible and able to give complementary information from macroscopic to nanometer scales. In this work, X-ray based spectroscopy including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS), Proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF) were used to analyze chemical composition of the Lanna-style glass. Microstructure was also studied. It can be concluded that these techniques in combination are powerful for the investigation of heterogeneous glassy materials.

scholarly journals Antifungal potential, chemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris and SEM analysis of morphological changes in Fusarium oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahkashan Perveen ◽  
Najat A. Bukhari ◽  
Luluah M. Al Masoudi ◽  
Amera Naser Alqahtani ◽  
Mashael W Alruways ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Potential

scholarly journals Deployment and Comparison of a Low-Cost High-Sensitivity Concentration Meters Using Micro-Optical Resonators

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Amir R. Ali ◽  
Maram Wael ◽  
Reem Amr Assal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Resonators ◽  
Optical Resonator ◽  
Single Mode Laser ◽  
Varied Chemical ◽  
Very High

Micro-optical resonators have been introduced as sensors in many applications for a wide number of variable types of stimuli due to their very high resolution, high sensitivity, and high-quality factor. In this paper, a novel micro-optical sensor was designed and tested as a concentration meter for chemical composition of a solution. The micro-optical resonator used is based on whispering gallery mode (WGM). This phenomenon appears when a tapered, single-mode laser carrying micro-optical fiber is evanescently coupled with a polymeric or silica micro-optical resonator. The presented sensor shows the change in concentration by experiencing a change in its morphology due to the varied viscosity of its environment. The variation of concentrations or fluid contents results in a change between the radii of the micro-optical resonator. With varied chemical composition and concentration in the tested sample varied infinitesimally small morphological changes are detected. The change in the resonators shape is read as a WGM shift in the resonance transmission spectrum, which is interpreted using a technique called cross-correlation, which compares the output across time to display the shift, which is later translated into distinct concentration levels. The proposed, exceptionally low-cost sensors were able to detect change at very high resolutions allowing better sensitivity along with wider range of variation. Experimental work for detection of ranges of concentrations of variable type of contaminants is presented.

scholarly journals Micro-Fabric Transformations of Ball Clay in Alkaline Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sai Kumar ◽  
P. Hari Prasad Reddy ◽  
Ch. Rama Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Ball Clay

Based on the strong evidence of case histories, this study focused on mineralogical and morphological changes of an artificial kaolinitic soil -Ball clay, when exposed to different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (0.1N, 1N, 4N, and 8N) under different curing periods (7, 28 and 100 days). Sediment volume tests are conducted on Ball clay with all combinations and results are analyzed with the help of analytical techniques. XRD and SEM studies are analyzed to understand the micro-level changes of alkali contaminated Ball clay. Mineralogical and morphological transmutations of Ball clay are investigated for 7, 28, and 100 days curing period. Results revealed new mineral formations like Sodalite under 4N and 8N concentrations of NaOH with 100 days interactions are well observed. The morphological transformation from needle shape to pellet shape is clear evidence of the rate of dissolution and precipitation of minerals under 100 days curing periods.

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