Are American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescent Health Behaviors Different? A Review of AI/AN Youth Involved in Native STAND Curriculum, 2014–2017 United States

Abstract Objectives To explore health behavior profiles of AI/AN youth involved in native students together against negative decisions (STAND), a national culture-based curriculum. Methods We analyzed data from 1236 surveys conducted among AI/AN youth at 40 native STAND implementation sites located in 16 states throughout the US from 2014 to 2017. Health profiles included demographics, sexual orientation, sexual activity, STI testing, cigarette use, and suicide attempts in the past 12-months. We used t-tests and chi square tests of independence to compare risk behavior prevalence among the sample. Results Health behavior profiles of AI/AN youth indicate that 45.6% of youth did not use condoms the last time they had sex, and 82.7% have never been tested for STIs. Differences in cigarette smoking were observed in questioning youth (questioning: 80.3%, straight/heterosexual: 63.8%, LGBTQ2S + : 49.9%, p = 0.03). Conclusions for Practice Health behaviors related to sex, substance, violence and self-harm, are at least as common for AI/AN youth as those observed in other US teens. Future research should consider similarities and differences in health profiles of AI/AN youth when designing interventions that affect them. Further, our findings underscore the need for culturally-relevant curricula like native STAND, not because their health behavior is different, but because their socio-ecologic environment is different.

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Health Behavior Profiles of Korean Baby Boomers

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/0091415018811095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 363-384

Author(s):

Bon Kim ◽

Kyungmin Kim ◽

Jeffrey A. Burr ◽

Gyounghae Han

Keyword(s):

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Baby Boomers ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Panel Study ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Low Risk ◽

Preventive Behaviors ◽

Moderate Risk ◽

Behavior Profiles

This study identified profiles of health behaviors among Korean baby boomers and examined a set of individual characteristics associated with these latent profiles. We analyzed a sample of 4,047 middle-aged adults (aged 53–61) from the Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study (2014). Latent profile analysis was used to uncover distinct health behavior profiles, and multinomial regression was performed to investigate the associations between health behavior profiles and predisposing, enabling, and need factors—following from the behavioral models of health behaviors and health services use. Five profiles of health behaviors were identified: (a) low-risk and high-preventive behaviors (50%), (b) low-risk and low-preventive behaviors (35%), (c) moderate-risk and moderate-preventive behaviors (7%), (d) moderate-risk and high-preventive behaviors (6%), and (e) high-risk and low-preventive behaviors (2%). Further, individuals with more enabling and need characteristics, indicated by higher socioeconomic status and greater health concerns, were more likely to engage in healthier profiles.

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Archetypes of Gamification: Analysis of mHealth Apps

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/19280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e19280

Author(s):

Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin ◽

Philipp A Toussaint ◽

Scott Thiebes ◽

Juho Hamari ◽

Ali Sunyaev

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Health Related

Background Nowadays, numerous health-related mobile apps implement gamification in an attempt to draw on the motivational potential of video games and thereby increase user engagement or foster certain health behaviors. However, research on effective gamification is still in its infancy and researchers increasingly recognize methodological shortcomings of existing studies. What we actually know about the phenomenon today stems from fragmented pieces of knowledge, and a variety of different perspectives. Existing research primarily draws on conceptual knowledge that is gained from research prototypes, and isolated from industry best practices. We still lack knowledge on how gamification has been successfully designed and implemented within the industry and whether certain gamification approaches have shown to be particularly suitable for certain health behaviors. Objective We address this lack of knowledge concerning best practices in the design and implementation of gamification for health-related mobile apps by identifying archetypes of gamification approaches that have emerged in pertinent health-related mobile apps and analyzing to what extent those gamification approaches are influenced by the underlying desired health-related outcomes. Methods A 3-step research approach is employed. As a first step, a database of 143 pertinent gamified health-related mobile apps from the Apple App Store and Google Play Store is set up. Second, the gamification approach of each app within the database is classified based on an established taxonomy for gamification in health-related apps. Finally, a 2-step cluster analysis is conducted in order to identify archetypes of the most dominant gamification approaches in pertinent gamified health-related mobile apps. Results Eight archetypes of gamification emerged from the analysis of health-related mobile apps: (1) competition and collaboration, (2) pursuing self-set goals without rewards, (3) episodical compliance tracking, (4) inherent gamification for external goals, (5) internal rewards for self-set goals, (6) continuous assistance through positive reinforcement, (7) positive and negative reinforcement without rewards, and (8) progressive gamification for health professionals. The results indicate a close relationship between the identified archetypes and the actual health behavior that is being targeted. Conclusions By unveiling salient best practices and discussing their relationship to targeted health behaviors, this study contributes to a more profound understanding of gamification in mobile health. The results can serve as a foundation for future research that advances the knowledge on how gamification may positively influence health behavior change and guide practitioners in the design and development of highly motivating and effective health-related mobile health apps.

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An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Gender on Health Behavior Among African American and Latino Men With Type 2 Diabetes

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316681125 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 344-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jaclynn Hawkins ◽

Daphne C. Watkins ◽

Edith Kieffer ◽

Michael Spencer ◽

Gretchen Piatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

African American Men ◽

Self Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Latino Men ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Values And Beliefs ◽

The Impact

This study explores gender values and beliefs among Latino and African American men with diabetes and examines how these values and beliefs may influence their health behaviors. Participants were recruited from individuals who participated in one of three Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Detroit Partnership diabetes self-management interventions. One focus group was conducted with African American men ( n = 10) and two focus groups were conducted with Latino men ( n = 12) over a 3-month period. Sessions lasted 90 minutes, were audiotaped, and analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. Two themes emerged that characterize gender identity and its relationship to health behavior in men: (a) men’s beliefs about being men (i.e., key aspects of being a man including having respect for themselves, authority figures, and peers; fulfilling the role as breadwinner; being responsible for serving as the leader of the family; and maintaining a sense of chivalry) and (b) influence of gender values and beliefs on health behavior (i.e., the need to maintain a strong image to the outside world, and the need to maintain control of themselves served as barriers to seeking out and engaging in diabetes self-management behaviors). Results suggest that gender values and beliefs may have implications for how health behaviors among men with diabetes. Future research should study the direct impact masculine identity has on health behaviors among men with diabetes.

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the correlation between health behavior in the elderly and public policy, nursing function and health education

Jurnal Formil (Forum Ilmiah) Kesmas Respati ◽

10.35842/formil.v5i2.324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Arita Murwani

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Health Education ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Health Center ◽

The Elderly ◽

District Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Elderly Health ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Population projection data in Indonesia in 2017 says that the elderly population is 23.660.000 people. Yogyakarta has the highest number of elderly, especially those domiciled in Sleman Regency with a total of about 105.955 people. Health behaviors in the elderly can be influenced by public policy, nursing functions, and health education. To find out the correlation between health behaviors in the elderly and public policy, nursing functions, and health education. This study uses a cross-sectional design with a quantitative research type. This research used the survey method with a questionnaire sheet as a research instrument and then the data will be processed using Stata test. Analysis of data conducted with chi-square analysis. The technique used is purposive sampling due to sampling with certain criteria. The criteria of this study include elderly who come to the health center to conduct examinations, have families, and live in the working area of Sleman District health center. The research will take place from March 2020 until completion. The elderly who were domiciled in the working area of Sleman District health center became the population in this study as many as 103.686 elderly.There is a correlation between public policy and elderly health behavior with a Pearson chi-square value of 0,472. There is a correlation nursing function with elderly health behavior with a Pearson Chi-Square value of 0,210. There is a correlation between health education and elderly health behavior, with Pearson Chi-Square value -0,210.Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between health behaviors in the elderly and public policy, nursing function, and health education.

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Analyze the Impact of Healthy Behavior on Weight Change with a Mathematical Model using the Harris-Benedict Equations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-584141/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

AYAN CHATTERJEE ◽

Ram Bajpai ◽

Martin W. Gerdes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Weight Change ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthy Behavior ◽

Lifestyle Diseases ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The gradual increase of negative behavior in humans because of physical inactivity, unhealthy habit, and improper nutrition expedites the growth of lifestyle diseases. Proper lifestyle management in the obesity context may help to reach personal weight goal or maintain a normal weight range with optimization of health behaviors (physical activity, diet, and habits). Objective: In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the impact of regular physical activity, a proper diet, and healthy habits on weight change, targeting obesity as a study case. Followed by, we design an algorithm to verify our proposed model with simulated data and compare it with related proven models based on the defined constrains. Methods: We proposed a weight-change mathematical model as a function of activity, habit, and nutrition with the first law of thermodynamics, basal metabolic rate ( BMR ), total daily energy expenditure ( TDEE ), and body-mass-index ( BMI ) to establish a relationship between health behavior and weight change. Followed by, we verify the model with simulated data and compared it with related established models. In this study, we have used revised Harris-Benedict equations (HB) for BMR and TDEE calculation. Results: The proposed mathematical model showed a strong relationship between health behavior and weight change. We verified the mathematical model with a proposed algorithm using simulated data with defined constraints. The adoption of BMR and TDEE calculation following revised Harris-Benedict equations has beaten the classical Wishnofsky’s rule (3500 cal. ≈ 1 lb.) , and the models proposed by Toumasis et al., Azzeh et. Al., and Mickens et. al. with a standard deviation of ±1.829, ±2.006, ±1.85, and ±1.80, respectively. Conclusions: This study helped us to understand the impact of healthy behavior on weight change with mathematical implications and the importance of a healthy lifestyle. As a future research scope, we wish to use this model in a health eCoach system to generate personalized lifestyle recommendations to optimize health behaviors to accomplish personal weight goals.

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Assess Puberty Health Needs Among 10-15-year-old Boys

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97692/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nazila NeJhaddadgar ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Rashid Toraji ◽

arash ziapour

Keyword(s):

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Health Needs ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: According to the studies conducted, teenage period and its related health issues are one of the most significant issues. This study aimed to investigate the health needs of 10–15-year-old teen boys about puberty.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was performed on boy’s teen (10-15 year-old) through stratified-cluster sampling in Ardabil city. The data gathering tool was a self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of 10 demographic questions, 35 questions in 5 categories; Awareness of puberty changes, sexual orientation, mood swings, health behavior, self-confidence and 5 questions about educational demands. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test, correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the quantitative data.Results: The mean age of the teen boys was 11.38 ± 4.37. There was a significant relationship between the father and mother’s level of education and teen boys’ awareness of puberty changes (p < 0.001). The results of this study showed that 69.8% of teen boys were not well aware of puberty (change of puberty and health behavior)and about 87% teen boys in this study did not have access to the required educational resources and 82% percent of the families did not talk about the change of puberty and hygiene practices related to their teenagers also Correlation test between teen boys’ health behavior and awareness of puberty changes (r = 0.12 p < 0.007) and between self-confidence and health behaviors (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) revealed significant and positive relationships.Conclusion: There is a need among teen boys for information about puberty changes and related health behaviors also the role of families is the most important source of information for teen boys.

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Clinician styles of care: Transforming patient care at the intersection of leadership and medicine

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105313493650 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1459-1470 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ho P Huynh ◽

Kate Sweeny

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Patient Care ◽

Patient Communication ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Future Research Directions

A key role of clinicians is to motivate their patients to initiate and maintain beneficial health behaviors. This article integrates research on transformational leadership, clinician–patient communication, and health behavior to introduce a novel approach to understanding and improving clinicians’ effectiveness as motivators. We describe three dominant clinician styles or patterned approaches to patient care that derive from leadership theory (in order of least to most effective): laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Additionally, we suggest potential mediators and effects of the transformational style of care. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the study of clinician styles of care.

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The prospective association between the Five Factor personality model with health behaviors and health behavior clusters

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v14i4.1450 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 880-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chelsea Joyner ◽

Ryan E. Rhodes ◽

Paul D. Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Health Related ◽

Prospective Association ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Prospective Study Design ◽

Behavior Profiles

To examine the prospective association of personality with individual behavior, multibehavior and clustered health behavior profiles. A prospective study design was employed. Two hundred young adults provided baseline data and 126 (mean age: 21.6 yrs) provide complete data for a 5-month follow-up assessment (63% response rate). Personality and health behaviors (and covariates) were assessed via validated questionnaires. A multibehavior index variable was created ranging from 0-5; two separate health behavior cluster indices were created, including high (4-5 behaviors) vs. low (2 or fewer) behavior adoption and an energy balance cluster (MVPA and diet). When examining MVPA as a continuous variable, the personality trait conscientiousness was prospectively associated with MVPA and a healthy diet. Extraversion was prospectively associated with high (vs. low) behavioral clustering (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00-1.40) and conscientiousness was prospectively associated with energy balance clustering (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17). Extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness were associated with select health-related behaviors. Further, extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with health behavior clustering.

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Archetypes of Gamification: Analysis of mHealth Apps (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19280 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin ◽

Philipp A. Toussaint ◽

Scott Thiebes ◽

Juho Hamari ◽

Ali Sunyaev

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Health Related

BACKGROUND Nowadays, numerous health-related mobile apps implement gamification in an attempt to draw on the motivational potential of video games and thereby increase user engagement or foster certain health behaviors. However, research on effective gamification is still in its infancy and researchers increasingly recognize methodological shortcomings of existing studies. What we actually know about the phenomenon today stems from fragmented pieces of knowledge, and a variety of different perspectives. Existing research primarily draws on conceptual knowledge that is gained from research prototypes, and isolated from industry best practices. We still lack knowledge on how gamification has been successfully designed and implemented within the industry and whether certain gamification approaches have shown to be particularly suitable for certain health behaviors. OBJECTIVE We address this lack of knowledge concerning best practices in the design and implementation of gamification for health-related mobile apps by identifying archetypes of gamification approaches that have emerged in pertinent health-related mobile apps and analyzing to what extent those gamification approaches are influenced by the underlying desired health-related outcomes. METHODS A 3-step research approach is employed. As a first step, a database of 143 pertinent gamified health-related mobile apps from the Apple App Store and Google Play Store is set up. Second, the gamification approach of each app within the database is classified based on an established taxonomy for gamification in health-related apps. Finally, a 2-step cluster analysis is conducted in order to identify archetypes of the most dominant gamification approaches in pertinent gamified health-related mobile apps. RESULTS Eight archetypes of gamification emerged from the analysis of health-related mobile apps: (1) competition and collaboration, (2) pursuing self-set goals without rewards, (3) episodical compliance tracking, (4) inherent gamification for external goals, (5) internal rewards for self-set goals, (6) continuous assistance through positive reinforcement, (7) positive and negative reinforcement without rewards, and (8) progressive gamification for health professionals. The results indicate a close relationship between the identified archetypes and the actual health behavior that is being targeted. CONCLUSIONS By unveiling salient best practices and discussing their relationship to targeted health behaviors, this study contributes to a more profound understanding of gamification in mobile health. The results can serve as a foundation for future research that advances the knowledge on how gamification may positively influence health behavior change and guide practitioners in the design and development of highly motivating and effective health-related mobile health apps.

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Realist-informed review of motivational interviewing for adolescent health behaviors

10.32920/14636187.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christina Mutschler ◽

Erica Naccarato ◽

Jen Rouse ◽

Caitlin Davey ◽

Kelly McShane

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Adolescent Health ◽

School Setting ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Effective Intervention ◽

Future Research

Background Clinical research investigating effective intervention strategies for adolescents to improve health behaviors has shifted to the application of motivational interviewing (MI). Evidence indicates that MI is an effective intervention for improving health behaviors as related to diet, exercise, and diabetes among adolescents. However, there is a lack of understanding about the mechanisms through which MI works and the contextual factors impacting MI effectiveness. The purpose of this review was to understand how, for whom, and under what circumstances MI works for adolescent health behavior change, which will inform future implementation of this intervention. To provide this in-depth understanding, a realist-informed systematic review was conducted in order to synthesize the evidence on the use of MI for health behaviors. Self-determination theory (SDT) was chosen as the candidate theory for testing in the present review. Methods Databases including PsycINFO, Healthstar, Cochrane, and PubMed were searched for articles published until March 2017. The search strategy included studies that examined or reviewed the effectiveness or efficacy of MI to change health behaviors among adolescent populations. The search identified 185 abstracts, of which 28 were included in the review. The literature was synthesized qualitatively (immersion/crystallization) and tested SDT as the candidate theory. Results Based on SDT, three mechanisms were found within reviewed studies, including competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The following contexts were found to impact mechanisms: school setting, clinician MI proficiency, parental involvement, and peer involvement. Conclusions This realist-informed systematic review provides advances in understanding the mechanisms involved in MI for adolescent health behavior change. Additionally, it provides important practical information as to which contexts create the conditions for these mechanisms to occur, leading to health behavior change. The results can inform future MI interventions for adolescent health behavior change. Future research should continue to test this realist theory and also examine mechanism variables not extensively documented in order to improve our understanding of MI in this population.

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