Characteristics of CART Peptide-Immunopositive Cells in the Subventricular Zone of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-372
Author(s):  
A. V. Akhmadeyev ◽  
L. B. Kalimullina ◽  
A. A. Nurutdinov ◽  
Ye. N. Yelizaryeva
Keyword(s):  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Cart Peptide ◽  
The Brain

Characteristics of CART Peptide-Immunopositive Cells in the Subventricular Zone of the Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
A. V. Akhmadeev ◽  
L. B. Kalimullina ◽  
A. A. Nurutdinov ◽  
E. N. Elizar’eva
Keyword(s):  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Cart Peptide ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Effects of Brain Size on Adult Neurogenesis in Shrews

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7664
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bartkowska ◽  
Krzysztof Turlejski ◽  
Beata Tepper ◽  
Leszek Rychlik ◽  
Peter Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neomys Fodiens ◽  
Migratory Stream

Shrews are small animals found in many different habitats. Like other mammals, adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation. We asked whether the number of new generated cells in shrews depends on their brain size. We examined Crocidura russula and Neomys fodiens, weighing 10–22 g, and Crocidura olivieri and Suncus murinus that weigh three times more. We found that the density of proliferated cells in the SVZ was approximately at the same level in all species. These cells migrated from the SVZ through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb (OB). In this pathway, a low level of neurogenesis occurred in C. olivieri compared to three other species of shrews. In the DG, the rate of adult neurogenesis was regulated differently. Specifically, the lowest density of newly generated neurons was observed in C. russula, which had a substantial number of new neurons in the OB compared with C. olivieri. We suggest that the number of newly generated neurons in an adult shrew’s brain is independent of the brain size, and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis appeared to be different in two neurogenic structures.

scholarly journals Recovery of Brain in Chick Embryos by Growing Second Heart and Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 3085-3089
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Alireza Sepehri ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Cota Linda ◽  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Embryo Heart ◽  
Healthy Part ◽  
The Brain

To recover chick embryos damaged the brain, two methods are presented. In both of them, somatic cells of an embryo introduced into an egg cell and an embryo have emerged. In one method, injured a part of the brain in the head of an embryo is replaced with a healthy part of the brain. In the second method, the heart of brain embryo dead is transplanted with the embryo heart. In this mechanism, new blood cells are emerged in the bone marrow and transmit information of transplantation to subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain through the circulatory system. Then, SVZ produces new neural stem cells by a subsequent dividing into neurons. These neurons produce new neural circuits within the brain and recover the injured brain. To examine the model, two hearts of two embryos are connected, and their effects on neural circuits are observed.  

Modulating adult neurogenesis through dietary interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heberden
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThree areas in the brain continuously generate new neurons throughout life: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the median eminence in the hypothalamus. These areas harbour neural stem cells, which contribute to neural repair by generating daughter cells that then become functional neurons or glia. Impaired neurogenesis leads to detrimental consequences, such as depression, decline of cognitive abilities and obesity. Adult neurogenesis is a versatile process that can be modulated either positively or negatively by many effectors, external or endogenous. Diet can modify neurogenesis both ways, either directly by ways of food-borne molecules, or possibly by the modifications induced on gut microbiota composition. It is therefore critical to define dietary strategies optimal for the maintenance of the stem cell pools.

Effects of Neuroinflammation on Neural Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Covacu ◽  
Lou Brundin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) are present in different locations in the central nervous system. In the subgranular zone (SGZ) there is a constant generation of new neurons under normal conditions. New neurons are also formed from the subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs, and they migrate anteriorly as neuroblast to the olfactory bulb in rodents, whereas in humans migration is directed toward striatum. Most CNS injuries elicit proliferation and migration of the NSCs toward the injury site, indicating the activation of a regenerative response. However, regeneration from NSC is incomplete, and this could be due to detrimental cues encountered during inflammation. Different CNS diseases and trauma cause activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses that influence the NSCs. Furthermore, NSCs in the brain react differently to inflammatory cues than their counterparts in the spinal cord. In this review, we have summarized the effects of inflammation on NSCs in relation to their origin and briefly described the NSC activity during different neurological diseases or experimental models.

scholarly journals Subventricular zone/white matter microglia reconstitute the empty adult microglial niche in a dynamic wave

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A Hohsfield ◽  
Allison R Najafi ◽  
Yasamine Ghorbanian ◽  
Neelakshi Soni ◽  
Joshua Crapser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Dynamic Wave

Microglia, the brain’s resident myeloid cells, play central roles in brain defense, homeostasis, and disease. Using a prolonged colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (CSF1Ri) approach, we report an unprecedented level of microglial depletion and establish a model system that achieves an empty microglial niche in the adult brain. We identify a myeloid cell that migrates from the subventricular zone and associated white matter areas. Following CSF1Ri, these amoeboid cells migrate radially and tangentially in a dynamic wave filling the brain in a distinct pattern, to replace the microglial-depleted brain. These repopulating cells are enriched in disease-associated microglia genes and exhibit similar phenotypic and transcriptional profiles to white-matter-associated microglia. Our findings shed light on the overlapping and distinct functional complexity and diversity of myeloid cells of the CNS and provide new insight into repopulating microglia function and dynamics in the mouse brain.

scholarly journals Doublecortin-Expressing Neurons in Chinese Tree Shrew Forebrain Exhibit Mixed Rodent and Primate-Like Topographic Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qi Ai ◽  
Rongcan Luo ◽  
Tian Tu ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Juan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Subgranular Zone ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Immature Neurons ◽  
Topographic Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

Doublecortin (DCX) is transiently expressed in new-born neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) related to adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampal formation. DCX immunoreactive (DCX+) immature neurons also occur in the cerebral cortex primarily over layer II and the amygdala around the paralaminar nucleus (PLN) in various mammals, with interspecies differences pointing to phylogenic variation. The tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) are phylogenetically closer to primates than to rodents. Little is known about DCX+ neurons in the brain of this species. In the present study, we characterized DCX immunoreactivity (IR) in the forebrain of Chinese tree shrews aged from 2 months- to 6 years-old (n = 18). DCX+ cells were present in the OB, SVZ, SGZ, the piriform cortex over layer II, and the amygdala around the PLN. The numerical densities of DCX+ neurons were reduced in all above neuroanatomical regions with age, particularly dramatic in the DG in the 5–6 years-old animals. Thus, DCX+ neurons are present in the two established neurogenic sites (SVZ and SGZ) in the Chinese tree shrew as seen in other mammals. DCX+ cortical neurons in this animal exhibit a topographic pattern comparable to that in mice and rats, while these immature neurons are also present in the amygdala, concentrating around the PLN as seen in primates and some nonprimate mammals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document