Effects of litter and straw mulch amendments on compacted soil properties and Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) growth

New Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Kiomars Fathi ◽  
Eric R. Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Alnus Subcordata

Effect of preceding crop management on crop yield and soil properties assessed using standard erosion plots

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnell Edwards ◽  
Jack Burney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Compost Amendment

Using blanket crops of ryegrass and under-seeded barley (with red clover) super-imposed on standard erosion plots just coming out of potatoes, this study assessed the influence of preceding soil-and-crop management treatments viz., straw mulch, compost and liquid pig manure (LPM) (antecedent input variables) on crop yield, soil physical properties and erosion amounts (subsequent response variables). There were no significant carry-over effects on erosion amounts, and effects on yield were limited to red clover. However, soil properties (reflecting compactability, structure and soil water retention) were affected throughout - showing general improvements of up to 46%. Thus, soil water content (SWC) was 9.4% greater with compost amendment than it was for the control. SWC with compost was also greater than it was with straw mulch by 7.9%. Soil organic matter (SOM) showed a 13% increase with compost amendment relative to the control. SOM also showed a 5% increase with compost relative to straw mulch. Compost uniquely gave yield increases in red clover, double that of the control, while LPM gave unique increases in hydraulic conductivity and SOM under red clover to the extent of 60 and 24% (respectively) relative to the control. Key words: Soil physical properties, soil erosion, organic amendments, potatoes, barley, red clover

scholarly journals Influence of straw mulch application on the properties of a soil affected by a forest wildfire

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Lombao ◽  
Montserrat Díaz Raviña ◽  
Ángela Martín ◽  
Ana Barreiro ◽  
María Teresa Fontúrbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Minor

Mulching treatment is often recommended <ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:22">in order </ins>to reduce post-fire erosion and sediment<del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:45"></del> yields<ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:45">,</ins> but information concerning their effects on soil properties and hence on soil quality is scarce. In the present investigation<ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:22">,</ins> the influence of straw application on soil quality was evaluated <ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:22">on</ins><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:22"></del><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46"> </del>hillslope shrubland <del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46"></del>in Saviñao (Lugo, NW Spain)<ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:47"> </ins><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:47"></del><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46"></del><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46">th</ins><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:02">a</ins><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46">t is </ins>susceptible to <del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:46"></del>post-fire erosion (38% slope). In this area, <ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:04">which was </ins>affected by a medium-high severity wildfire in September 2012, different treatments with wheat straw <ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:03">were </ins>applied to the burnt soil in mulch strips (0.8 and 1 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) <del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:03"></del><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:50"></del><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:50">using </ins>quadruplicate <ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:51">10 m x 40 m </ins><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:49">plots </ins><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:51"></del><del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:49"></del>and compared with the corresponding burnt untreated control. Soil samples were collected from the A horizon (0-2.5 cm depth) at different sampling times <del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T17:15"></del><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T17:15">for 12 months</ins> after the wildfire<del cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T16:03"></del><ins cite="mailto:Michele%20Francis" datetime="2015-01-23T15:48">,</ins> and a wide range of physicochemical, chemical and biochemical soil properties (water retention, pH, electric conductivity, total C, <sup>13</sup>C, extractable C, water soluble C, soluble carbohydrates, total N, <sup>15</sup>N, microbial biomass C, soil respiration, bacterial activity, b-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase activities) were analyzed. The results showed that the application of straw mulch had a minor influence on the post-fire soil quality but, in contrast, the sampling time showed a significant influence attributed to short- and medium term changes in soil properties induced by both fire and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of growth, nutrition and soil properties of pure and mixed stands of Populus deltoides and Alnus subcordata

Silva Fennica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Sayyad ◽  
Seyed Hosseini ◽  
Jamshid Mokhtari ◽  
Reza Mahdavi ◽  
Seyed Jalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Alnus Subcordata

scholarly journals Maize productivity and soil properties in the Loess Plateau in response to ridge-furrow cultivation with polyethylene and straw mulch

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Liang Deng ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Heng-Jia Zhang ◽  
Fu-Qiang Li ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Maize Productivity

scholarly journals Effect of Plastic Film and Straw Mulch on Wheat Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Soil Properties in Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
ATIF JAVED ◽  
MUHAMMAD IQBAL ◽  
RUQIA SHEHZADI
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

A two years (2014-15 and 2015-16) field experiment was performed to find out the effect of plastic film and straw mulching on yield, water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and selected soil properties. There were three treatments i.e. control, plastic film and straw mulch. No mulch was added in control. Rice straw was applied on the surface at a rate of 5 Mg ha-1. Soil samples in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths were taken and analyzed. Soil water contents at 20 cm interval every 7 days were determined in 0-160 cm soil depth before sowing, after harvesting and during growing seasons. Results showed that grain yield was increased significantly by 29.8 in 2014-15 and 35.6% in 2015-16 over that of control under straw mulch. Straw mulch also decreased total water use with an increase in WUE. Soil bulk density was decreased significantly with a significant increase in porosity, water stable aggregates, active carbon, organic matter and soil water contents after harvesting. Soil water storage was higher under straw mulch for most sampling times. In conclusion, mulching soil with straw can sustain wheat yield and improve WUE and soil properties.

scholarly journals Soil Hydrothermal Regimes, Biological Activity and Nutrient Availability under Various Mulches and Weed Management Practices in Tomato

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
T. Arun ◽  
S. Sridevi ◽  
K. Radha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

The impact of different mulching materials and weed management practices on soil properties were evaluated by a field study conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar during 2015 with tomato as test crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments consisting of control (unweeded check), pendimethalin (PE) @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT, black polythene mulch, reflective polythene mulch, paddy straw mulch,  paddy husk mulch, hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) and replicated thrice. The mean temperature was higher by 1.7°C under black polythene mulch compared to control (bare soil) and it was less by 1.8 °C under paddy straw mulch. Soil moisture content under black polythene mulch was significantly higher by 31.21%, 36.07% and 24.19% respectively at 20, 40 DAT and at harvest.  In the initial stages i.e., at 20 DAT, reflective polythene mulch (28.81%) and paddy husk mulch (24.52%) were also equally effective in maintaining soil moisture on par to that of black polythene mulch. Significantly highest dehydrogenase activity (8.62 and 6.17 μg of TPF released g-1day-1 respectively), acid phosphatase activity (121.81 and 92.15 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase activity (135.19 and 106.10 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) were recorded under paddy straw mulch at 40 days after transplanting and after harvest. Similarly, significantly highest bacterial count (7.49 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 7.34 log10 CFU g soil-1), fungal count (4.53 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 4.36 log10 CFU g soil-1) and actinomycetes count (5.42 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 5.26 log10 CFU g soil-1) at 40 DAT and after harvest respectively were high under paddy straw mulch. Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus was high under reflective polythene mulch while that of potassium under straw mulch. Weed management either through pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT or by hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) did not influence the soil properties significantly.

scholarly journals The Influence of Slope Positions on the Recovery Response of Compacted Soil Properties and Enzyme Activity in an Oriental Beech Stand in the Hyrcanian Forests, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Alireza Ramineh ◽  
Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri ◽  
Eric Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
The Impact

Several studies emphasize the effects of slope position on divergences of soil properties in forest ecosystems, but limited data is available on the impact of slope position on recovery levels of soil, which were exposed to compaction due to machine traffic. This study examined the effects of slope position (i.e., S; summit, BS; backslope, and TS; toeslope) on recovery rate of soil properties and enzyme activity four years after ground-based harvesting operations were performed on machine operating trails, compared to the undisturbed areas (UND) in the Hyrcanian forests (north of Iran). Soil properties and enzyme activity of compacted soil in machine operating trails showed significant trend differences among the slope positions. A significantly lower soil bulk density, penetration resistance, soil moisture, aggregate stability, pH, sand, and C/N ratio were found in TS compared to the values recorded in the BS and S treatments. Conversely, total porosity, macroporosity, silt, clay, organic C, total N, available nutrients (i.e., P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), fulvic and humic acid, earthworm density and dry mass as well as fine root biomass were higher in TS than in the BS and S treatments. Soil microbial respiration, MBC, NH4+, NO3−, N mineralization, and MBN were significantly higher in the UND areas followed by TS > BS > S treatment. The highest activity levels of enzymes (i.e., urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, invertase, and ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase) were detected in the UND areas, followed by TS > BS > S treatment. The highest recovery levels of all soil properties and enzyme activity were found in TS, followed by BS > S treatment. However, the full recovery of soil properties did not occur even after a 4-year period, compared to the UND areas. Our study results highlight the significance of the slope position in augmenting divergence in soil properties and enzyme activity after ground-based machine traffic.

Applying the Method of Lagrange Multipliers to Derive an Estimator for Unsampled Soil Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Set Foong Ng ◽  
Pei Eng Ch’ng ◽  
Yee Ming Chew ◽  
Kok Shien Ng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Unbiased Estimator ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Site ◽  
Method Of Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Inverse Distance

Soil properties are very crucial for civil engineers to differentiate one type of soil from another and to predict its mechanical behavior. However, it is not practical to measure soil properties at all the locations at a site. In this paper, an estimator is derived to estimate the unknown values for soil properties from locations where soil samples were not collected. The estimator is obtained by combining the concept of the ‘Inverse Distance Method’ into the technique of ‘Kriging’. The method of Lagrange Multipliers is applied in this paper. It is shown that the estimator derived in this paper is an unbiased estimator. The partiality of the estimator with respect to the true value is zero. Hence, the estimated value will be equal to the true value of the soil property. It is also shown that the variance between the estimator and the soil property is minimised. Hence, the distribution of this unbiased estimator with minimum variance spreads the least from the true value. With this characteristic of minimum variance unbiased estimator, a high accuracy estimation of soil property could be obtained.

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