Sodium Diclofenac Encapsulation: Optimization of Encapsulation Efficiency and Particle Size Using Response Surface Methodology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Mancer ◽  
Kamel Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Sodium Diclofenac

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING METHYLPREDNISOLONE USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
GANESH N. SHARMA ◽  
C. H. PRAVEEN KUMAR ◽  
BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA ◽  
B. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Drug Release Mechanism ◽  
Predicted Values

Objective: The present research was designed to produce methylprednisolone containing chitosan-based nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization. Methods: Nanostructures were prepared using the ionic gelation method with screened process parameters. According to the design, methylprednisolone chitosan-based nanoparticles (MCSNPs) were optimized using factors like methylprednisolone concentration, stirring speed and temperature whereas particle size, zeta potential and % encapsulation efficiency as responses. From the observed values of responses with confirmation location and desirability, the predicted values were very close to the observed values. Results: Observed values for the optimized formulation have a particle size of 243±2.33 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 79.3±7.2%. Morphology of the particles using scanning electron microscopy reveals nearly spherical shaped particles. Methylprednisolone was released in vitro in a sustained manner for about 24 h in simulated colonic fluid pH 7, pH 7.8 (Fasted state) and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, when compared to simulated colonic fluid at pH 6 (Fed state). Optimized MCSNPs followed Korsmeyer peppas kinetics with drug release mechanism as anomalous transport. Conclusion: Application of Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology using Design Expert software was successfully used in the optimization of methylprednisolone loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF REFLUX EXTRACTION FOR CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN. WOOD BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Abd Jalil ◽  
Noor ‘Aina Abdul Razak ◽  
Jefri Jaapar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeated Runs

Caesalpinia sappan linn. (CSL) is a plant which is also known as Sepang tree contains various medicinal values such as to treat diarrhea, skin rashes, syphilis, jaundice, drinking water for blood purifying, diabetes, and to improve skin complexion. The aim of this study is to obtain the most optimum condition in terms of the ratio of sample to solvent, particle size, and extraction time to get the highest amount of concentration of the CSL extract. In this study, the ranges of each parameters used were: ratio sample to solvent: 1.0:20, 1.5:20, 2.0:20, 2.5:20, 3.0:20, particle size: 1 mm, 500 um, 250 um, 125 um, 63 um, and extraction time: 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr. The concentration was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. From the design, 20 samples were run throughout this experiment. The optimized value from the RSM were 2.0:20 for ratio sample to solvent, 125 µm of particle size and 2.48 hours with the concentration of 37.1184 ppm. The accuracy of the predictive model was validated with 2 repeated runs and the mean percentage error was less than 3%. This confirmed the model’s capability for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of CSL’s wood.

scholarly journals A study of in situ fluid bed melt granulation using response surface methodology / Uporaba metodologije odgovornih površin za študij in situ granulacije s talinami v zvrtinčenih plasteh

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kukec ◽  
Franc Vrečer ◽  
Rok Dreu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Melt Granulation

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of selected individual variables (binder content, inlet air temperature, and product endpoint temperature) of in situ fluid bed melt granulation on the granule particle size distribution and percentage of dissolved carvedilol using a three-factor, five-level circumscribed central composite design. Increased binder content had the effect of increasing the granule particle size and drug dissolution rate. The effect of inlet air temperature and product endpoint temperature was found to be more pronounced in case of granule particle size parameters. Within the studied intervals, the optimal quantity of binder as well as optimal process parameters were identified and validated using response surface methodology. Utilizing these optimal process and formulation parameters, successful scaling up of the fluid bed melt granulation process was carried out. Granule characteristics obtained at pilot scale are comparable to those obtained at laboratory scale.

Adsorption characteristics of ammonium exchange by zeolite and the optimal application in the tertiary treatment of coking wastewater using response surface methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Zhao ◽  
Zhongyuan Zheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Donghui Wen ◽  
Xiaoyan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Removal

Natural zeolite is a favorable NH4+-ion exchanger in the tertiary wastewater treatment. In this study, a natural Chinese zeolite was anatomized using the mercury injection method, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron micrographs. The kinetic process of ammonium adsorption onto the zeolite was best described by the pseudo second order model; the adsorption equilibrium data fitted better to the Freundlich isotherm; and the exchange between ammonium and alkali/alkaline earth cations was in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. Finally, the zeolite powder was applied for the tertiary treatment of coking wastewater, which still contained high concentration of ammonium after the secondary treatment by a sequencing batch reactor. The Box–Behnken design was used to design the experimental protocol, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of adsorption factors. The RSM analysis showed the optimal adsorption factors as particle size, 0.03 mm; initial dosage of zeolite powder, 50.0 g/L; and contact time, 24 h. The highest ammonium removal rate was 75.0% predicted by the RMS. Considering settleability of the zeolite powder, the particle size of 0.25 mm was recommended in practice with a little loss of the ammonium removal: 70.9% as the RMS predicted.

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