scholarly journals Complex climate and network effects on internal migration in South Africa revealed by a network model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyin Xiao ◽  
Michael Oppenheimer ◽  
Xiaogang He ◽  
Marina Mastrorillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migrant Networks ◽  
Network Autocorrelation ◽  
Migration Flows

AbstractClimate variability and climate change influence human migration both directly and indirectly through a variety of channels that are controlled by individual and household socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological processes as well as public policies and network effects. Characterizing and predicting migration flows are thus extremely complex and challenging. Among the quantitative methods available for predicting such flows is the widely used gravity model that ignores the network autocorrelation among flows and thus may lead to biased estimation of the climate effects of interest. In this study, we use a network model, the additive and multiplicative effects model for network (AMEN), to investigate the effects of climate variability, migrant networks, and their interactions on South African internal migration. Our results indicate that prior migrant networks have a significant influence on migration and can modify the association between climate variability and migration flows. We also reveal an otherwise obscure difference in responses to these effects between migrants moving to urban and non-urban destinations. With different metrics, we discover diverse drought effects on these migrants; for example, the negative standardized precipitation index (SPI) with a timescale of 12 months affects the non-urban-oriented migrants’ destination choices more than the rainy season rainfall deficit or soil moisture do. Moreover, we find that socioeconomic factors such as the unemployment rate are more significant to urban-oriented migrants, while some unobserved factors, possibly including the abolition of apartheid policies, appear to be more important to non-urban-oriented migrants.

The influence of climate variability on internal migration flows in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Mastrorillo ◽  
Rachel Licker ◽  
Pratikshya Bohra-Mishra ◽  
Giorgio Fagiolo ◽  
Lyndon D. Estes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Migration Flows

scholarly journals Network Analysis of Internal Migration in Austria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Pitoski ◽  
Thomas Lampoltshammer ◽  
Peter Parycek
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
First Time

Human migration, and urbanization as its direct consequence, are among the crucial topics in regional and national governance. People?s migration and mobility flows make a network structure, with large cities acting as hubs, and smaller settlements as spokes. The essential method by which these phenomena can be analysed comprehensively is network analysis. With this study we, first, contribute to capacity building regarding the analysis of internal (national) migration data, by providing a set of network indicators, models, and visualisations tested and argued for in terms of applicability and interpretability for analysing migration. Second, we contribute to the understanding of the shape and scale of the phenomenon of internal migration, in particular towards urbanisation and mobility flows between human settlements (i.e. cities, towns and villages). Third, in the work we demonstrate the utility of our approach on the example of internal migration flows in Austria on the settlement level, and provide a longitudinal analysis for the period of 2002-2018. This is the first time that the key traits of a network of internal migration are identified for a European country, which, when accompanied by additional country analyses, has the potential to reveal the migration patterns in the region and beyond.

Internal migration in Italy. Long-run analysis of push and pull factors across regions and macro-areas of the country.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Piras Romano
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Push And Pull

The great majority of empirical studies on internal migration across Italian regions either ignores the long-run perspective of the phenomenon or do not consider push and pull factors separately. In addition, Centre-North to South flows, intra-South and intra-Centre-North migration have not been studied. We aim to fill this gap and tackle interregional migration flows from different geographical perspectives. We apply four panel data estimators with different statistical assumptions and show that long-run migration flows from the Mezzogiorno towards Centre-Northern regions are well explained by a gravity model in which per capita GDP, unemployment and population play a major role. On the contrary, migration flows from Centre-North to South has probably much to do with other social and demographic factors. Finally, intra Centre-North and intra South migration flows roughly obey to the gravity model, though not all explicative variables are relevant.

scholarly journals Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Leal ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

AbstractEvidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).

scholarly journals Migration -Trafficking nexus in Post-Soviet Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sanchita Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Migration Flows

Human trafficking, for the manipulation of migrant labour, is a violation of human rights. The spike in human trafficking is partly due to the rapid expansion of labour migration in the neoliberal period. The former Soviet zone has become one of the world's major human migration sections in the last decade. The article analyses the case of migration and trafficking in Tajikistan as remittances amounted to nearly half of the country's gross domestic product. In Tajikistan, lack of economic prospects, increasing poverty level, presence of blurred boundaries, leads to the cycle of illicit migration flows which resulted in human trafficking. Human trafficking is a multidimensional issue exacerbated in the countries of destination by poverty and gaps in economic openings versus unmet labour hassles and stern migration commandments. The migration of the Tajik people shortly began after the independence of the country and largely to support subsistence to the families leaving behind. Majority of these migrants prefer Russian federation as their main destination to work where corruption and human trafficking problem is huge. There are limited governing bodies to regulate recruiters' activities, so migrant workers are at the mercy of recruiters who are known to charge exorbitant fees that indebted migrant worker before arriving in their destination countries. Labour trafficking is a global humanitarian issue but there is scarcely any quantitative research on the issue. This study examined labour abuse indicators among migrant Tajik workers in the Russian Federation and the subsequent human trafficking risks with fresh vulnerabilities created by the economic crises and the covid-19 pandemic in 2020.

The concept of migration and clandestinity in the Chinese culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-628
Author(s):  
Mara Caira
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Migration Flows

In Chinese culture and history, the notion of migration is related to state authority. Voluntary mobility was and is looked down on and discouraged. Separation from, and enlarging of, the motherland are linked. Today Chinese internal migration flows in two channels: legal and illegal. Ethnic features and family ties are also relevant to the Chinese notion of migration.

Network Autocorrelation of Perceived Physical Activity Skill Competence Among Adolescents at a Summer Care Program: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712095854
Author(s):  
Tyler Prochnow ◽  
Megan S. Patterson ◽  
Christina N. Bridges Hamilton ◽  
Haley Delgado ◽  
Sam Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Network Autocorrelation ◽  
Adolescent Friendship

Purpose: This study investigates the possible association between adolescent friendship networks and perceived physical activity skill competence in a summer care program. Design: Adolescents participated in researcher-administered surveys at the start (T1) and end (T2) of summer. Setting: Adolescents at a Boys & Girls Club were sampled. Sample: Adolescents (age 8-12) completed researcher-administered surveys at T1 (n = 100; µ age = 9.9 years; 47% male; 55% Black) and T2 (n = 77; µ age = 9.8 years; 51% male; 49% Black). Measures: Perceived skill competence was measured by asking adolescents to rate how good they felt they were at physical activity at the club. Adolescents were also asked to provide names of up to 5 peers whom they hung around with, talked to, and did things with the most while at the club. Analysis: Linear network autocorrelation models were used to determine network effects or clustering of perceived physical activity skill competence within the club. Results: There were significant network effects for adolescent perceived skill competency scores at T1 (β = 0.05, p < 0.01) and T2 (β = 0.05, p = 0.02), indicating adolescent perceived skill competence scores were associated with those of their friends. Conclusions: Practitioners may wish to encourage the use of group or collaborative skill competency improvement activities as well as possibly pairing adolescents with differing skill competencies to foster improvement and possible diffusion of perceived skill competency.

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