scholarly journals Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Leal ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

AbstractEvidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).

scholarly journals The Determinants of International Migration in Early Modern Europe: Evidence from the Maritime Sector, c. 1700–1800

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-167
Author(s):  
Alexander Klein ◽  
Jelle van Lottum
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

ABSTRACTThis article offers the first multivariate regression study of international migration in early modern Europe. Using unique eighteenth-century data about maritime workers, we created a data set of migration flows among European countries to examine the role of factors related to geography, population, language, the market, and chain migration in explaining the migration of these workers across countries. We show that among all factors considered in our multivariate analysis, the geographical characteristics of the destination countries, size of port towns, and past migrations are among the most robust and quantitatively the most important factors influencing cross-country migration flows.

scholarly journals Syrian Refugees and the Digital Passage to Europe: Smartphone Infrastructures and Affordances

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511876444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gillespie ◽  
Souad Osseiran ◽  
Margie Cheesman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Iraqi Refugee ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Regular Contact

This research examines the role of smartphones in refugees’ journeys. It traces the risks and possibilities afforded by smartphones for facilitating information, communication, and migration flows in the digital passage to Europe. For the Syrian and Iraqi refugee respondents in this France-based qualitative study, smartphones are lifelines, as important as water and food. They afford the planning, navigation, and documentation of journeys, enabling regular contact with family, friends, smugglers, and those who help them. However, refugees are simultaneously exposed to new forms of exploitation and surveillance with smartphones as migrations are financialised by smugglers and criminalized by European policies, and the digital passage is dependent on a contingent range of sociotechnical and material assemblages. Through an infrastructural lens, we capture the dialectical dynamics of opportunity and vulnerability, and the forms of resilience and solidarity, that arise as forced migration and digital connectivity coincide.

scholarly journals Geography, Islands and Migration in an Era of Global Mobility

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-84
Author(s):  
Russell King
Keyword(s):  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Changing Role

This paper examines the changing role of islands in the age of globalization and in an era of enhanced and diversified mobility. There are many types of islands, many metaphors of insularity, and many types of migration, so the interactions are far from simple. The ‘mobilities turn’ in migration studies recognizes the diversification in motivations and time-space regimes of human migration. After brief reviews of island studies and of migration studies, and the power of geography to capture and distil the interdisciplinarity and relationality of these two study domains, the paper explores various facets of the generally intense engagement that islands have with migration. Two particular scenarios are identified for islands and migration in the global era: the heuristic role of islands as ‘spatial laboratories’ for the study of diverse migration processes in microcosm; and the way in which, especially in the Mediterranean and near-Atlantic regions, islands have become critical locations in the geopolitics of irregular migration routes. The case of Malta is taken to illustrate some of these new insular migration dynamics.

scholarly journals Problems and contradictions of international migration statistics

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
B. B. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Phenomena

Analysis of problems and trends in the field of international migration development is impossible without reliable statistical data. Particular economic importance for any country including Russia are data on the flows of labor migrants, which have a great impact on the domestic labor market, gross domestic product, balance of payments. International organizations, including United Nations bodies, haven’t worked out single recommendations on proceeding migration statistics, stratification of migration flows. The universal worldwide technique with border and internal migrant calculation principles regarding flows and stocks of labor migrants is absent at the moment.The author focuses on key discrepancies of national migration statistics in different countries and widely practiced flexible interpretation of it by Western politicians and mass media, therefore, the acuteness of migration problems in the Western countries (first, in the European Union) is overestimated and, on the contrary, migration difficulties of such countries as Russia, Iran, Turkey are downgraded or fully ignored. The difficulties in the calculation of international migration, arising from the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “migrant”, have been indicated. Three approaches – residence outside the country of birth, citizenship, place of usual daily rest – often conflict with each other, when it is necessary to establish the true country of origin of the migrant.The shortcomings of the main sources of information about immigrants: population census, administrative records, population surveys have been also analyzed in the article. New phenomena in international migration flows, such as “cross-motivation” of migrants and migration without going abroad, require their understanding.

scholarly journals Introduction to Migration and Refugee Flows: New Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Population movements between countries and continents are not recent phenomena. What is new today is that migration flows are increasingly linked to the globalization process and to environmental degradation. Most of the migrants leave their homes for economic reasons, but also due to the higher frequency of natural disasters. Of the total migrant population, those who escape from conflicts or persecution still represent a smaller fraction and are entitled to obtain refugee status. This thematic issue includes eight articles that analyse migration flows and migration governance from different analytical perspectives. Five of the eight contributions examine the role that several factors play in explaining international migration flows and its effects, namely cultural diversity, information technology tools, governance, terrorism, and attitudes towards immigration. The remaining three articles are country studies that analyse the socio-economic causes/effects of migration flows to Portugal, Spain, and Germany, devoting special attention to forced migration and refugees.

Migration, Immigration, and Refugees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Solimano
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The international mobility of people and migration flows are critically influenced by differences in per capita incomes, real wages, job opportunities, institutional capacities and living standards across nations and cities. Its dynamics are shaped by social networks and regulated by the migration policies of receiving countries. International migration represents around 3.3% of world’s population; up from 2.7% in 1995. It is composed mainly of working-age people, with men and women migrants being in roughly equal numbers. Historically, the globalization process of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was also accompanied by large migration flows, mostly, from the “Old World” (Europe) to the “New World” (United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and other countries in the Global South). Starting in the 1980s migration has increased relative to a rise in total population, although the share of international migration to total population was, on average, higher in the first wave of globalization of the 1870–1914 period. Main substantive topics and new themes in the field of international migration include: (a) the motivations and determinants of the international mobility of the wealthy (High-Net Worth Individuals, HNWIs), a largely unexplored topic in the literature of international migration; (b) the international migration of talent (high-skills, educated, and gifted people), (c) the linkages between the mobility of talent and the mobility of capital and their evolution over time affected by macro regimes and international conditions, (d) The relation between macroeconomic and financial crises (e.g., the 2008–2009 crisis), stagnation traps and immigration flows, (e) the influence of international migration on inequality within and between countries, and (f) forced migration, displaced population and humanitarian crises, following war, violence, persecution, and human rights violations.

Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Theoretical Interest ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

Recent theoretical interest in migration systems calls attention to the functions of diverse linkages between countries in stimulating, directing and maintaining international flows of people. This article proposes a conceptual framework for the nonpeople linkages in international migration systems and discusses the implications for population movement of the four categories and three types of linkages that define the framework.

Transnational Migration and Border-Making

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
The Eu

Examining the ongoing processes of migration in Europe and beyond, this book deals with the ongoing processes of migration and boundary-(re)making in the world. It takes stock of recent and hitherto unpublished research on the refugee crisis in Europe, migration dynamics in the Middle East and migration flows in Africa and Latin America, specifically in relation to their political, social and cultural framing. In particular, chapters in this collection focus on newer cases of transnational migration, their socio-political implications that in turn affect identity-making. Alongside the refugee and migrant crisis in Europe, which can be viewed as one of the most divisive political issues in recent European history, new patterns of migration and re-bordering can also be seen across Europe, the Middle East and beyond. These include both the rise of anti-immigration populism within the nation-states as well as different attempts to control and regulate tangible and intangible borders of the nation state to discourage migration at the regional level such as the EU.

scholarly journals Climate variability and international migration: an empirical analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Coniglio ◽  
Giovanni Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Rich Countries

AbstractIs international migration an adaptation strategy to sudden or gradual climatic shocks? In this paper we investigate the direct and the indirect role of climatic shocks in developing countries as a determinant of out-migration flows toward rich OECD countries in the period 1990–2001. Contrarily to the bulk of existing studies, we use a macro approach and explicitly consider the heterogeneity of climatic shocks (type, size, sign of shocks and seasonal effects). Our results show that the occurrence of adverse climatic events in origin countries has significative direct and indirect effects on out-migration from poor to rich countries.

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