scholarly journals Meaningful affordances

Synthese ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Dings
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Philosophy Of Action ◽  
Autonomous Agency

Abstract It has been argued that affordances are not meaningful and are thus not useful to be applied in contexts where specifically meaningfulness of experience is at stake (e.g. clinical contexts or discussions of autonomous agency). This paper aims to reconceptualize affordances such as to make them relevant and applicable in such contexts. It starts by investigating the ‘ambiguity’ of (possibilities for) action. In both philosophy of action and affordance research, this ambiguity is typically resolved by adhering to the agents intentions and concerns. I discuss some recent accounts of affordances that highlight these concerns but argue that they tend to adopt an ‘atomistic’ approach where there is no acknowledgement of how these concerns are embedded in the agents wider concerns, values, projects and commitments. An holistic approach that does acknowledge this can be found in psychological research on agents having a sense of what they’re doing. I will discuss this research in the second part of the paper and argue that agents can analogously have a sense of what is afforded. This is deemed the entry point for understanding the meaningfulness of affordances. In the final part of the paper I apply this analysis to recent attempts which seek to make sense of authentic and autonomous agency in terms of affordances.

Music and shape in synaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Final Part ◽  
First Person ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Multiple Levels

People with synaesthesia have extra percept-like experiences that are automatically elicited by certain stimuli: for instance, some synaesthetes experience music visually as well as via hearing. Although this has historically been labelled as ‘coloured hearing’, there is far more to the experience than colour: the visions also tend to have shape, movement, texture and location. The chapter starts with a general overview of synaesthesia and then goes on to consider auditory–visual synaesthesia in particular, concentrating on what little is known about shape. Whereas most psychological research has focused on the shapes of individual notes (e.g. high-pitch notes being spiky), synaesthetes report that shape is important at multiple levels in music: from single notes, through to whole compositions and performances. The final part of the chapter contains first-person accounts of synaesthetes describing the shape of music.

scholarly journals A Paradoxical Convergence: National Identity and Gender in 'The Topp Twins' Exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chelsea Torrance
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Final Part ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Museum Practice ◽  
Contemporary Context

<p>In May 2017, there was a strange convergence inside Palmerston North’s Te Manawa museum. As visitors arrived on the first floor, they were left with two options. Turn left for the New Zealand Rugby Museum, or turn right for an exhibition on Jools and Lynda Topp. Left for masculinist rugby history. Right for radical activist lesbians. While both exhibitions have very different subject matter, themes of gender and national identity are prevalent within them both. Using this convergence as an entry point, this thesis considers the ways national identity and gender are put on display within the permanent exhibition at the New Zealand Rugby Museum and The Topp Twins exhibition.  Using data from interviews with key people involved with the two exhibitions, documentary research, and analysis of the two exhibitions, this thesis asks how New Zealand national identity and gender are narrated and displayed within The Topp Twins and the New Zealand Rugby Museum, and considers what this means for museum practice. In so doing, the thesis begins with an overview of key literature looking at nation, discourse and gender in museum and heritage scholarship. It also considers literature of New Zealand identity formation and gender. The intellectual foundation of this thesis resides in the idea that gender, nation and museums are intimately bound.  In the second part of the thesis, an investigation into the historical and contemporary context of the two exhibitions is conducted. This section provides an overview of the content and design of the exhibits. In combining both the context and content of the exhibitions, the thesis is able to consider intentions as well as the outcomes of the two. The final part of the thesis considers the ways national identity and gender have been presented within The Topp Twins exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum. This chapter shows that while gender is presented in very different ways, the museums have a very similar narrative about ‘New Zealandness’.</p>

Fractional Factorials in Psychology: An: Examination of the Basis for the Holistic Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-926
Author(s):  
Keith E. Kramer ◽  
G. Morris Southward
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Fractional Factorials ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Treatment Designs ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques ◽  
Analyze Data

Statistical methods and experimental designs are used by the researcher to collect and analyze data. One of the most commonly used treatment designs is the analysis of variance. Simon (1976) has examined data from fourteen years of experiments published in the Human Factors journal that were analyzed using this approach. One of his conclusions is that interactions of three or more variables are negligible. To take advantage of this Simon (1973, 1977) has proposed using fractional factorials in psychological research. This investigation examined Simon's analysis and conclusions and questions the use of fractional factorials without proper theoretical justification. An empirical investigation of fractional factorials using computer simulation techniques examined the effect of confounding when the assumption that high order interactions are negligible is violated. The results show that in certain cases biases of unconfounded and confounded effects can result.

scholarly journals A Paradoxical Convergence: National Identity and Gender in 'The Topp Twins' Exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chelsea Torrance
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Final Part ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Museum Practice ◽  
Contemporary Context

<p>In May 2017, there was a strange convergence inside Palmerston North’s Te Manawa museum. As visitors arrived on the first floor, they were left with two options. Turn left for the New Zealand Rugby Museum, or turn right for an exhibition on Jools and Lynda Topp. Left for masculinist rugby history. Right for radical activist lesbians. While both exhibitions have very different subject matter, themes of gender and national identity are prevalent within them both. Using this convergence as an entry point, this thesis considers the ways national identity and gender are put on display within the permanent exhibition at the New Zealand Rugby Museum and The Topp Twins exhibition.  Using data from interviews with key people involved with the two exhibitions, documentary research, and analysis of the two exhibitions, this thesis asks how New Zealand national identity and gender are narrated and displayed within The Topp Twins and the New Zealand Rugby Museum, and considers what this means for museum practice. In so doing, the thesis begins with an overview of key literature looking at nation, discourse and gender in museum and heritage scholarship. It also considers literature of New Zealand identity formation and gender. The intellectual foundation of this thesis resides in the idea that gender, nation and museums are intimately bound.  In the second part of the thesis, an investigation into the historical and contemporary context of the two exhibitions is conducted. This section provides an overview of the content and design of the exhibits. In combining both the context and content of the exhibitions, the thesis is able to consider intentions as well as the outcomes of the two. The final part of the thesis considers the ways national identity and gender have been presented within The Topp Twins exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum. This chapter shows that while gender is presented in very different ways, the museums have a very similar narrative about ‘New Zealandness’.</p>

scholarly journals From Fiat to Crypto: The Present and Future of Money

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Marcus M. Dapp
Keyword(s):  
Public Debate ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
First Century ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Sustainable Behavior

AbstractThis chapter aims to offer readers an entry point to the deep discussion of this volume and the rationale for the “Finance 4.0” system described in later chapters. What is money, why is it designed this way, and what could it become in the crypto age? The chapter contains three parts. The first part describes in rough strokes the basic functions of money and how today’s fiat money system implements them. The second part offers a modest critique of the fiat money system, arguing that many problems take root in the intimate power relationship between “money and state.” The final part presents two cases that address some of the shortcomings. The first is Bitcoin that infamously pursues a state-independent, decentralized conception of money. The second is Finance 4.0, a system that proposes a participatory multi-dimensional money system with built-in incentives for sustainable behavior. If more readers feel empowered to enter the public debate for a better money system in the twenty-first century, this short introduction achieved its aim.

Aristotle on Agency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Charles
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Action ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Philosophy Of Action ◽  
Starting Point

This essay attempts to answer three questions about Aristotle’s account of agency: (1) What is an action? (2) Under what conditions is an action voluntary or intentional? (3) What is the relation between an agent and an action when he or she acts voluntarily? This article focuses on those actions that are processes, taking as its starting point Aristotle’s account of processes and capacities in the Physics to suggest that this account underlies his discussion of actions there and elsewhere. In the second part, it is argued that, in the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle, is concerned with analyzing intentional action in terms of an agent’s capacities (or skills) and their desired goals and knowledge. The final part of the essay contrasts Aristotle’s views of agency with some recent proposals in the philosophy of action.

Recent Developments of Ambulatory Assessment Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hey ◽  
Panagiota Anastasopoulou ◽  
André Bideaux ◽  
Wilhelm Stork
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Physiological Sensors

Ambulatory assessment of emotional states as well as psychophysiological, cognitive and behavioral reactions constitutes an approach, which is increasingly being used in psychological research. Due to new developments in the field of information and communication technologies and an improved application of mobile physiological sensors, various new systems have been introduced. Methods of experience sampling allow to assess dynamic changes of subjective evaluations in real time and new sensor technologies permit a measurement of physiological responses. In addition, new technologies facilitate the interactive assessment of subjective, physiological, and behavioral data in real-time. Here, we describe these recent developments from the perspective of engineering science and discuss potential applications in the field of neuropsychology.

Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract. The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project ”Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia” examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The ”Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System” (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, ”Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals”, elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e.g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects.

On the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologist ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.

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