scholarly journals Expression of apoplast-targeted plant defensin MtDef4.2 confers resistance to leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina but does not affect mycorrhizal symbiosis in transgenic wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Kaur ◽  
John Fellers ◽  
Alok Adholeya ◽  
Siva L. S. Velivelli ◽  
Kaoutar El-Mounadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Defensin ◽  
Rust Pathogen

scholarly journals Wheat Apoplast-Localized Lipid Transfer Protein TaLTP3 Enhances Defense Responses Against Puccinia triticina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Weishuai Bi ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Wheat Lines

Plant apoplast serves as the frontier battlefield of plant defense in response to different types of pathogens. Many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are accumulated in apoplastic space during the onset of plant–pathogen interaction, where they act to suppress pathogen infection. In this study, we found the expression of Triticum aestivum lipid transfer protein 3 (TaLTP3) gene was unregulated during incompatible interaction mediated by leaf rust resistance genes Lr39/41 at the early infection stage. Stable transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 exhibited enhanced resistance to leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of TaLTP3 specifically activated the transcription of pathogenesis-related protein 1a (TaPR1a) and multiple plant hormone pathways, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and auxin, in response to the infection of the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Further investigation indicated that TaLTP3 physically associated with wheat TaPR1a protein in the apoplast. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 and TaPR1a showed higher accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during plant defense responses. All these findings suggested that TaLTP3 is involved in wheat resistance against leaf rust pathogen infection and forming a TaLTP3-TaPR1a complex in apoplast against this pathogen, which provides new insights into the functional roles of PR proteins.

scholarly journals Dissecting the first phased dikaryotic genomes of the wheat rust pathogen Puccinia triticina reveals the mechanisms of somatic exchange in nature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qin Wu ◽  
Chongmei Dong ◽  
Long Song ◽  
Christina A. Cuomo ◽  
Robert F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Virulence Evolution ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Wheat Leaf

AbstractAlthough somatic hybridization (SH) has been proposed as a means of accelerating rust pathogen virulence evolution in the absence of sexual recombination, previous studies are limited to the laboratory and none have revealed how this process happens. Using long-read sequencing, we generated dikaryotic phased genomes and annotations for three Australian field-collected isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia triticina; Pt), including a putative asexual hybrid (Pt64) and two putative parental isolates (Pt104 and Pt53; 132-141 Mb,155-176 contigs, N50 of 1.9-2.1 Mb). The genetic dissection based on the high-quality phased genomes including whole-genome alignments, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses along with short-read sequencing of 27 additional Pt isolates convergently demonstrated that Pt64, which rendered several commercial hybrid wheat cultivars susceptible to leaf rust, arose from SH between isolates within the Pt53 and Pt104 lineages. Parentage analysis demonstrated the role of mitotic crossover in the derivation of both nuclei of Pt64. Within HD mating type genes, the distinct specificity regions in Pt64 and the distinct phylogenetic pattern of the remaining admixed isolates suggested high genetic variation in specificity-related regions on the b locus intrinsically associated with the SH. This study not only provided a fundamental platform for investigating genomic variation underlying virulence evolution in one of the most devastating wheat pathogens, but also offered an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of naturally occurring SH. This asexual mechanism can be broadly exploited by any dikaryotic pathogen to accelerate virulence evolution, and understanding this process is both urgent and crucial for sustainable pathogen control.ImportanceStrategies to manage plant rust pathogens are challenged by the constant emergence of new virulence. Although somatic hybridization has been proposed as a means by which rusts could overcome host resistance rapidly and cause crop loss, there is very little evidence of this process in nature and the mechanisms underlying it are not known. This study generated and analysed the first dikaryotic phased genomes of the wheat leaf rust pathogen, identifying an isolate as a hybrid and for the first time unveiling parasexuality via mitotic crossover in a rust pathogen. The erosion of the resistance of several hybrid wheat cultivars in agriculture by the hybrid rust has important implications for breeding efforts targeting durable resistance and sustained rust control.

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression, SNP, InDel, and CNV Identifies Candidate Avirulence Genes in Australian Isolates of the Wheat Leaf Rust Pathogen Puccinia triticina

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Long Song ◽  
Jing Qin Wu ◽  
Chong Mei Dong ◽  
Robert F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Avr Gene ◽  
Avr Genes

The leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia triticina (Pt), threatens global wheat production. The deployment of leaf rust (Lr) resistance (R) genes in wheat varieties is often followed by the development of matching virulence in Pt due to presumed changes in avirulence (Avr) genes in Pt. Identifying such Avr genes is a crucial step to understand the mechanisms of wheat-rust interactions. This study is the first to develop and apply an integrated framework of gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion/deletion (InDel), and copy number variation (CNV) analysis in a rust fungus and identify candidate avirulence genes. Using a long-read based de novo genome assembly of an isolate of Pt (‘Pt104’) as the reference, whole-genome resequencing data of 12 Pt pathotypes derived from three lineages Pt104, Pt53, and Pt76 were analyzed. Candidate avirulence genes were identified by correlating virulence profiles with small variants (SNP and InDel) and CNV, and RNA-seq data of an additional three Pt isolates to validate expression of genes encoding secreted proteins (SPs). Out of the annotated 29,043 genes, 2392 genes were selected as SP genes with detectable expression levels. Small variant comparisons between the isolates identified 27–40 candidates and CNV analysis identified 14–31 candidates for each Avr gene, which when combined, yielded the final 40, 64, and 69 candidates for AvrLr1, AvrLr15, and AvrLr24, respectively. Taken together, our results will facilitate future work on experimental validation and cloning of Avr genes. In addition, the integrated framework of data analysis that we have developed and reported provides a more comprehensive approach for Avr gene mining than is currently available.

scholarly journals A Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Wheat Leaf Rust Pathogen Puccinia triticina Provides Insights Into Structural Variations and Genetic Relationships With Haplotype Resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qin Wu ◽  
Long Song ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Chongmei Dong ◽  
Mafruha Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Despite the global economic importance of the wheat leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina (Pt), genomic resources for Pt are limited and chromosome-level assemblies of Pt are lacking. Here, we present a complete haplotype-resolved genome assembly at a chromosome-scale for Pt using the Australian pathotype 64-(6),(7),(10),11 (Pt64; North American race LBBQB) built upon the newly developed technologies of PacBio and Hi-C sequencing. PacBio reads with ∼200-fold coverage (29.8 Gb data) were assembled by Falcon and Falcon-unzip and subsequently scaffolded with Hi-C data using Falcon-phase and Proximo. This approach allowed us to construct 18 chromosome pseudomolecules ranging from 3.5 to 12.3 Mb in size for each haplotype of the dikaryotic genome of Pt64. Each haplotype had a total length of ∼147 Mb, scaffold N50 of ∼9.4 Mb, and was ∼93% complete for BUSCOs. Each haplotype had ∼29,800 predicted genes, of which ∼2,000 were predicted as secreted proteins (SPs). The investigation of structural variants (SVs) between haplotypes A and B revealed that 10% of the total genome was spanned by SVs, highlighting variations previously undetected by short-read based assemblies. For the first time, the mating type (MAT) genes on each haplotype of Pt64 were identified, which showed that MAT loci a and b are located on two chromosomes (chromosomes 7 and 14), representing a tetrapolar type. Furthermore, the Pt64 assembly enabled haplotype-based evolutionary analyses for 21 Australian Pt isolates, which highlighted the importance of a haplotype resolved reference when inferring genetic relationships using whole genome SNPs. This Pt64 assembly at chromosome-scale with full phase information provides an invaluable resource for genomic and evolutionary research, which will accelerate the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying Pt-wheat interactions and facilitate the development of durable resistance to leaf rust in wheat and sustainable control of rust disease.

scholarly journals Characteristic expression of wheatPR5gene in response to infection by the leaf rust pathogen,Puccinia triticina

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Li ◽  
Lin Gao ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
Jing-Kun Liu ◽  
Yan-Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Rust Pathogen

Identification and characterization of Dicer-like genes in leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia triticina) of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Himanshu Dubey ◽  
Kanti Kiran ◽  
Rajdeep Jaswal ◽  
Subhash C. Bhardwaj ◽  
Tapan Kumar Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Identification And Characterization

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

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