Can tree species choice influence recruitment of ancient forest species in post-agricultural forest?

AbstractThis study investigates how methodological aspects of seed-bank sampling affect seed-bank records in temperate deciduous forests. We focused explicitly on seed-bank records of ancient forest species, which are assumed to lack a persistent seed bank; a hypothesis suspected to be partly due to methodological shortcomings. Through a quantitative review of 31 seed-bank studies in temperate deciduous forests of central and north-west Europe, we quantified the role of sampling methodology in constraining total seed-bank records and seed-bank records of ancient forest species (γ-diversity, average species' retrieval frequency and average seed density). A major methodological trade-off was established between sampled plot area and the number of plots: at an increased number of plots, the area sampled per plot decreased significantly. The total surface area sampled in a study was the primary determinant of γ-diversity, both for overall species richness and for ancient forest species richness. A high retrieval frequency of ancient forest species indicated that few plots were intensively sampled. The parallel increase in total species richness and ancient forest species richness and the non-significance of their ratio in relation to methodological variables suggests that ancient forest species are not particularly rare in the seed bank compared to other species. These results imply that sampling methodology has a far-reaching impact on seed-bank records such as γ-diversity, the detection of ancient forest species and ultimately seed-bank composition. We formulate a set of guidelines to improve the quality of seed-bank studies in temperate deciduous forests.

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Coexistence of ancient forest species as an indicator of high species richness

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 365 ◽

pp. 12-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ewa Stefańska-Krzaczek ◽

Zygmunt Kącki ◽

Bartłomiej Szypuła

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Forest Species ◽

Ancient Forest Species ◽

Ancient Forest ◽

High Species Richness

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Do Adjacent Forests Affect the Regeneration of Oak-Hornbeam and Ancient Forest Plant Species in Manor Parks in Poland?

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Beata Fornal-Pieniak ◽

Marcin Ollik ◽

Axel Schwerk

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Plant Species ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽

Species Number ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Forest Species ◽

Ancient Forest Species ◽

Ancient Forest ◽

Characteristic Species

Manor parks are characteristic objects in the agricultural landscape of Poland. Lack of proper management after World War II, however, led to their devastation from a cultural point of view, but may allow the regeneration of rare and endangered species. The aim of our study was to determine if the presence of forests in the vicinity of manor parks will work as an accelerator of the regeneration process of oak-hornbeam and ancient forest species. Phytosociological analyses were conducted in manor parks adjacent to forests and not adjacent to the forest as well as natural forests. The total number of plant species, number and percentage share of ancient forest species, and plant species consistent with oak-hornbeam habitat were analyzed using a GLM model. Characteristic species were identified using detrended correspondence analysis. Parks adjacent to forests and natural forests showed higher numbers of total species, ancient forest species, and oak-hornbeam species compared with parks not adjacent to forests, but there were no differences in percentage shares of ancient forest species and oak-hornbeam species. For all three types of studied objects, characteristic species could be identified. We conclude that adjacent forests allow greater regeneration of ancient forest species and oak-hornbeam forest species in manor parks.

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GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TREE SPECIES (Hymenaea courbaril L., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. and Myroxylon peruiferum L. F.) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOIL

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882018000200002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniele Maria Marques ◽

Adriano Bortolotti Silva ◽

José Ricardo Mantovani ◽

Dalvana Sousa Pereira ◽

Thiago Corrêa Souza

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Tree Species ◽

Copper Content ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Forest Species ◽

Hymenaea Courbaril ◽

Tolerance Strategy ◽

Photosynthetic Machinery ◽

Biometric Measurements

ABSTRACT Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, when in excess, it becomes phytotoxic. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of tree species exposed to different copper concentrations in the soil. Three experiments were carried out, one for each forest species under study: Myroxylon peruiferum ("Óleo Bálsamo"), Hymenaea courbaril ("Jatobá") and Peltophorum dubium ("Canafístula"), with the same doses of copper (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with five copper concentrations and four replicates. The plants were grown on soil substrate packed in 8-dm3 pots and kept in a greenhouse for 90 days. Biometric measurements, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and copper content in tissues were evaluated. Copper did not influence the vegetative growth of the species studied. The content of chlorophyll "a" was reduced with increasing copper concentrations in the soil. H. courbaril had 56 to 92% copper retained in the roots, and the same behavior was observed for P. dubium (77-91%) and M. peruiferum (19-64%). In the three species studied, there was copper bioaccumulation, mainly in the roots, possibly as a metal tolerance strategy, preserving the most active tissues and the photosynthetic machinery. Cu translocation from roots to shoot was very restricted in all species. This behavior, associated with the increase in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in plants, may indicate the phytoremediation potential of the studied species.

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Impacts of Human Activities on Tree Species Composition Along the Forest Savanna Boundary in Nigeria

Indonesian Journal of Geography ◽

10.22146/ijg.9248 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christiana Ndidi Egbinola

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Human Activities ◽

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Forest Species ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The study investigated the tree species composition along the forest-savanna boundary in Oyo state of Nigeria with the aim of assessing the impact of human activities on the floristic composition. A transect was placed along the study area and species data was collected from quadrats placed in study plots within different study sites. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used to determine vegetation assemblages, while both correlation and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to show the relationship between species in the different study sites. Results of the DCA revealed three species assemblages, an area with only forest species, another with only savanna species and a third with both forest/savanna species. ANOVA results further revealed that within the forest and savanna assemblages, species in mature and successional sites were alike. The study therefore revealed that human activities’ within the region is leading to the establishment of savanna species and an elimination of forest species.

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Subtropical–Tropical Urban Tree Water Relations and Drought Stress Response Strategies

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2013.017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Roger Kjelgren ◽

Daryl Joyce ◽

David Doley

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Forest Species ◽

Deciduous Species ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Urban Tree ◽

Tropical Cities

Understanding native habitats of species successful as subtropical and tropical urban trees yield insights into how to minimize urban tree water deficit stress experienced during monsoonal dry periods. Equatorial and montane wet forest species rarely subject to drought are generally absent in subtropical and tropical cities with pronounced monsoonal dry seasons. Species native to monsoonal dry forests appear to have wide environmental tolerances, and are successful as urban trees in many tropical cities. Monsoonal dry forest species have a tendency to be deep rooted to avoid drought, with leaf habits falling along an avoidance to tolerance spectrum. Dry deciduous species, typically found on more fertile soils, maximize growth during the monsoonal wet season with high photosynthesis and transpiration rates, then defoliate to avoid stress during the dry season. Evergreen tree species, typically found on less fertile soils, have a higher carbon investment in leaves that photosynthesize and transpire less year-round than do dry deciduous species. Dry deciduous tree species are more common urban trees than dry evergreen species explicitly due to more ornamental floral displays, but also implicitly due to their ability to adjust timing and duration of defoliation in response to drought. An empirical study of three tropical species exhibiting a range of leaf habits showed isohydric behavior that moderates transpiration and conserves soil water during drying. However, dry evergreen species may be less adaptable to tropical urban conditions of pronounced drought, intense heat, and limited rooting volumes than dry deciduous species with malleable leaf habit.

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Occurrence of Aetalion reticulatum (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) on Dipteryx alata Vogel (Fabaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. e930

Author(s):

Jaqueline Da Silva Souza ◽

Jardel Boscardin

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Forest Species ◽

First Report ◽

Facultative Mutualism ◽

Camponotus Crassus ◽

Dipteryx Alata

The baruzeiro or baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) is a tree species native to Brazil that is known for its production of edible nuts with high nutritional value. However, little is known about the insects associated with this forest species. Therefore, this study aims to document the occurrence of leafhoppers on baruzeiro trees in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. We therefore examined baruzeiro plants in an afforestation plot at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (18°43'33"S; 47°31'31"W) in August 2020, located in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. The leafhopper species was identified as Aetalion reticulatum (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae). The ant species Camponotus crassus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was found to feed on the honeydew released by leafhoppers, demonstrating facultative mutualism between the species. This is the first report of A. reticulatum on D. alata in Minas Gerais.

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Heavy Metal Retention by Different Forest Species Used for Restoration of Post-Mining Landscapes, N. Greece

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4453

Author(s):

Theano Samara ◽

Ioannis Spanos ◽

Panagiotis Platis ◽

Thomas G. Papachristou

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Tree Species ◽

Habitat Restoration ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Mining Area ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Forest Species ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Black Poplar ◽

Metal Absorption

The main objective of this research was to study heavy metal absorption by the leaves of main forest species which were planted for that purpose at post-lignite mining landscapes in Northern Greece (Ptolemais, Prefecture of Kozani), as well as in a neighboring region (Kato Grammatiko), 30 km far from the mining area. Four species were studied; two conifers (Pinus nigra Arn., Cupressus arizonica Greene) and two broad-leaved (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus nigra L.). The four species varied in their leaf morphology (needles, scale-like leaves, blade, compound or simple, with rough or smooth surfaces). Eighty (80) leaf samples were collected, (10 from each tree species at either site). The heavy metal concentrations measured were iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co). Statistically significant differences (p = 0.01) were found between the lignite deposit and control areas and among the studied species. Higher concentrations were measured for the studied species at the lignite deposit. Moreover, no species demonstrated maximum absorption for all metals. The metal absorption pattern by coniferous trees’ leaves at the mining landscape was similar, with highest concentrations observed for iron and lowest for cobalt [iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > manganese (Mn) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cobalt (Co)]. Both broadleaved species absorbed highest concentrations of iron, but differed in the amount of the remaining metals [black locust: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr); black poplar: iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > manganese (Mn) > copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr) > cobalt (Co)]. Cadmium was detected only in black poplar at both sites. In general, black pine was found to absorb the highest concentration of iron (Fe), and black poplar zinc (Zn). We discuss the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate mixture of tree species in order to achieve maximum habitat restoration effect at heavy metal polluted sites.

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Distribution of primary forest plant species in a 19-year old secondary forest in French Guiana

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s026646749800025x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 323-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. TORIOLA ◽

P. CHAREYRE ◽

A. BUTTLER

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Tree Species ◽

French Guiana ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Pioneer Species ◽

Forest Species ◽

Mature Forest ◽

Height Class

Secondary succession in a 19-y old tropical rainforest of French Guiana was investigated through the distribution pattern of primary forest species. The experimental plot of 25 ha was logged to simulate conditions of a paper pulp cut. Enumeration of all plants of height ≥ 50 cm in 52 subplots 10 m × 10 m indicated the number of species and individuals in five species categories; short-lived pioneer species, pioneer species that persist in mature forest, primary forest species capable of germinating in shade, primary forest species that indicate a preference for clearings (small gaps) in mature forest and understorey primary forest species. Change in proportion of the most abundant species (≥ 1 cm dbh) over the last 15 y indicated a decrease in short-lived pioneer species and an increase in pioneers that can persist in the mature forest. Proportion of species categories per height class indicated that primary forest species were mainly found in the lower height class in this forest which is largely dominated by secondary forest tree species forming a canopy that rarely exceeds 20 m. Individuals of primary forest species were encountered on ARBOCEL as sprouts from large stumps, sprouts from juveniles or as untraumatised saplings or juveniles. The distribution pattern in a 4-ha area of 11 selected primary forest canopy tree species revealed an overall trend in recolonisation of this species category in the secondary forest. Considered individually, the clustered distribution of stems of Eperua grandiflora showed the importance of regeneration through sprouting or remaining individuals. The gradient distribution, oriented from the edge to the centre of the studied plot, and displayed by the stem densities of Virola michelii, suggested a recent progressive dispersal of seeds. A more dynamic recolonisation front was observed for the primary forest understorey species Cassipourea guianensis and was probably linked to both the initial logging conditions and the fact that this species fruits when relatively young.

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Application of Fractal Dimension of Terrestrial Laser Point Cloud in Classification of Independent Trees

Fractal and Fractional ◽

10.3390/fractalfract5010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Ju Zhang ◽

Qingwu Hu ◽

Hongyu Wu ◽

Junying Su ◽

Pengcheng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Tree Species ◽

Point Cloud ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Ecological Effect ◽

Forest Species ◽

Calculation Algorithm ◽

Box Counting ◽

Box Counting Dimension

Tree precise classification and identification of forest species is a core issue of forestry resource monitoring and ecological effect assessment. In this paper, an independent tree species classification method based on fractal features of terrestrial laser point cloud is proposed. Firstly, the terrestrial laser point cloud data of an independent tree is preprocessed to obtain terrestrial point clouds of independent tree canopy. Secondly, the multi-scale box-counting dimension calculation algorithm of independent tree canopy dense terrestrial laser point cloud is proposed. Furthermore, a robust box-counting algorithm is proposed to improve the stability and accuracy of fractal dimension expression of independent tree point cloud, which implementing gross error elimination based on Random Sample Consensus. Finally, the fractal dimension of a dense terrestrial laser point cloud of independent trees is used to classify different types of independent tree species. Experiments on nine independent trees of three types show that the fractal dimension can be stabilized under large density variations, proving that the fractal features of terrestrial laser point cloud can stably express tree species characteristics, and can be used for accurate classification and recognition of forest species.

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