scholarly journals Evidence of interpopulation variation in the germination of Eryngium maritimum L. (Apiaceae)

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cortés-Fernández ◽  
M. D. Cerrato ◽  
A. Ribas-Serra ◽  
C. Cardona ◽  
C. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Eryngium Maritimum

AbstractGermination is considered as one of the most crucial steps in a plant’s lifetime. The germination of Eryngium maritimum, a dune species located across all European coasts, has been extensively analysed in Northern populations, where it is considered a locally endangered species. However, less attention has been given to southern populations, where the knowledge about the germination of the species is very limited. The main objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of cold stratification in one Mediterranean and one Atlantic population of the species, as well as to compare the potential variation of seed dormancy among a latitudinal gradient in European populations based on current literature. Seeds collected from Mallorca (Mediterranean, Spain) and Asturias (Atlantic, Spain) were germinated at different temperatures and cold stratification periods ranging from 4 to 20 weeks. These results were merged with the results of previous studies to test the potential effect of latitude and climatic variables in germination. Although the optimal incubation temperature was 10 ºC, the highest final germination percentages (up to 96%) was obtained in both populations combining specific cold stratification periods (5 ºC) and constant incubation temperatures (15–20 ºC). Atlantic seeds needed longer cold stratification times to reach high germination percentages compared with Mediterranean seeds. Apart from the stratification response, significant differences in viability and in germination were observed between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean populations. Considering data from previous studies in the analysis, the results suggest that there is a potential effect of latitude in the ecological germination requirements, by which the higher the latitude, the longer the cold stratification period required to germinate, with a correlation with the mean annual temperature. These results suggests that two factors, modulation of dormancy relating to adaptative or maternal effects and viability, govern the germination of the species.

INCREASING WINTER SURVIVAL OF DORMOAT SEEDS BY A TREATMENT INDUCING SECONDARY DORMANCY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Stimulation Of

Treatment of partially after-ripened dormoat (Avena sativa L. × A. fatua L.) seeds by soaking in water and incubation in an enclosed humid atmosphere for 2 wk induces secondary dormancy and increases the winter survival of field plantings. Immediately after treatment, the seeds are highly dormant when incubated on moist filter paper in petri plates at 20 C, but there is a slight stimulation of germination at low incubation temperature (7 C) and during incubation in soil. The germination response to these two factors increases with time, and reaches 100% when tested after 6 wk dry storage. Germination in petri dishes at 20 C increases slowly with storage time, attaining 57% or less after 12 wk. Germination is increased by decreasing water volume during test, to a level similar to that obtained by incubation of seeds in soil. Survival of dormoat seeds through the winter of 1970–71 was increased an average of threefold by the treatment, to a maximum of 40% in several strains. There is no increase in seed cold hardiness due to the treatment. The treatment increases the dormancy level of seeds before planting, and seed with induced secondary dormancy is only slightly stimulated to germinate by low incubation temperatures. Both these factors increase the number of un-germinated seeds entering winter.

scholarly journals Incubation Temperature Affects Duckling Body Size and Food Consumption Despite No Effect on Associated Feeding Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Hope ◽  
R A Kennamer ◽  
A T Grimaudo ◽  
J J Hallagan ◽  
W A Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Structural Size ◽  
Avian Incubation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
And Behavior

Synopsis Developmental conditions can have consequences for offspring fitness. For example, small changes (<1°C) in average avian incubation temperature have large effects on important post-hatch offspring phenotypes, including growth rate, thermoregulation, and behavior. Furthermore, average incubation temperatures differ among eggs within the same nest, to the extent (i.e., >1°C) that differences in offspring phenotypes within broods should result. A potential consequence of within-nest incubation temperature variation is inequality in behaviors that could cause differences in resource acquisition within broods. To investigate this, we incubated wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs at one of two ecologically-relevant incubation temperatures (35°C or 36°C), formed mixed-incubation temperature broods after ducklings hatched, and conducted trials to measure duckling behaviors associated with acquisition of heat (one trial) or food (three trials). Contrary to our predictions, we found no effect of incubation temperature on duckling behaviors (e.g., time spent occupying heat source, frequency of feeding bouts). However, we found evidence that ducklings incubated at the higher temperature consumed more food during the 1-h feeding trials, and grew faster in body mass and structural size (culmen and tarsus) throughout the study, than those incubated at the lower temperature. Apparent food consumption during the trials was positively related to culmen length, suggesting that differences in food consumption may be driven by structural size. This could result in positive feedback, which would amplify size differences between offspring incubated at different temperatures. Thus, our study identifies incubation temperature as a mechanism by which fitness-related phenotypic differences can be generated and even amplified within avian broods.

scholarly journals Morphological Abnormalities and Gene Expression Changes Caused by High Incubation Temperatures in Zebrafish Xenografts with Human Cancer Cells

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Pablo Cabezas-Sainz ◽  
Carlos Coppel ◽  
Alba Pensado-López ◽  
Pedro Fernandez ◽  
Laura Muinelo-Romay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Morphological Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Published studies show that most of the human cancer xenograft studies in zebrafish embryos have used incubation temperatures in the range of 32–34 °C for 3–6 days post-injection, trying to find a compromise temperature between the zebrafish embryos (28 °C) and the human injected cells (37 °C). While this experimental setup is widely used, a question remains: is possible to overcome the drawbacks caused by a suboptimal temperature for the injected cells? To clarify the effect of temperature and injected cells on the host, in this study, we analyzed the development and health of the last in response to different temperatures in the presence or absence of injected human cancer cells. Comparing different incubation temperatures (28, 34 and 36 °C), we determined morphological abnormalities and developmental effects in injected and non-injected embryos at different time points. Besides this, the expression of selected genes was determined by qPCR to determine temperature affected metabolic processes in the embryos. The results indicate that an incubation temperature of 36 °C during a period of 48 h is suitable for xenotransplantation without morphological or metabolic changes that could be affecting the host or the injected cells, allowing them to proliferate near their optimal temperature.

Influence of incubation temperature and substrate on eggs and embryos of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Saidapur ◽  
Rajkumar Radder ◽  
Bhagyashri Shanbhag
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Periodic Exposure ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

AbstractThe influence of incubation temperature and substrate on hatching success, duration of incubation and hatchlings' traits in Calotes versicolor was studied experimentally. The eggs were incubated in soil at 1) ambient (27°C±2 s), 2) ambient temperature and exposed to 35°C for 1 or 3hrs/day, 3) constant 30°C, 33°C and 35°C. In another experiment soil, sand or cotton wool was used as incubation substrate at ambient temperature. Duration of incubation was inversely related to incubation temperature. Hatching success was high at ambient (93%), at 30°C (89%) and for eggs exposed to 1 hr (94%) or 3 hr/day to 35°C (93%) compared to those at 33°C (59%) and 35°C (53%). Egg mass increased until hatching, but with a temporal difference in the gain at different temperatures. At high temperatures, it increased rapidly. Eggs incubated at ambient temperature and 1 or 3 hrs exposure to 35°C produced hatchlings heavier than their sibs that hatched at 30°C, 33°C or 35°C. Smaller size of hatchlings at higher incubation temperatures was due to early hatching and low utilization of yolk. Incubation substrate had no influence on offspring traits but hatching success was low (84 ± 9%) in cotton wool. Thus, incubation of eggs in soil or sand at ambient temperature with a periodic exposure to high tolerable temperature provides an optimum balance between developmental rate, hatching success and hatchling quality in C. versicolor.

scholarly journals Temperature-Driven Adaptation of the Bacterial Community in Peat Measured by Using Thymidine and Leucine Incorporation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Brit Ranneklev ◽  
Erland Bååth
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Downshift ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The temperature-driven adaptation of the bacterial community in peat was studied, by altering temperature to simulate self-heating and a subsequent return to mesophilic conditions. The technique used consisted of extracting the bacterial community from peat using homogenization-centrifugation and measuring the rates of thymidine (TdR) or leucine (Leu) incorporation by the extracted bacterial community at different temperatures. Increasing the peat incubation temperature from 25°C to 35, 45, or 55°C resulted in a selection of bacterial communities whose optimum temperatures for activity correlated to the peat incubation temperatures. Although TdR and Leu incorporations were significantly correlated, the Leu/TdR incorporation ratios were affected by temperature. Higher Leu/TdR incorporation ratios were found at higher temperatures of incubation of the extracted bacterial community. Higher Leu/TdR incorporation ratios were also found for bacteria in peat samples incubated at higher temperatures. The reappearance of the mesophilic community and disappearance of the thermophilic community when the incubation temperature of the peat was shifted down were monitored by measuring TdR incorporation at 55°C (thermophilic activity) and 25°C (mesophilic activity). Shifting the peat incubation temperature from 55 to 25°C resulted in a recovery of the mesophilic activity, with a subsequent disappearance of the thermophilic activity. The availability of substrate for bacterial growth varied over time and among different peat samples. To avoid confounding effects of substrate availability, a temperature adaptation index was calculated. This index consisted of the log10ratio of TdR incorporation at 55 and 25°C. The temperature index decreased linearly with time, indicating that no thermophilic activity would be detected by the TdR technique 1 month after the temperature downshift. There were no differences between the slopes of the temperature adaptation indices over time for peat samples incubated at 55°C 3 or 11 days before incubation at 25°C. Thus, different levels of bacterial activity did not affect the temperature-driven adaptation of the bacterial community.

Incubation of eggs of the Australian broad-shelled turtle, Chelodina expansa (Testudinata : Chelidae), at different temperatures: effects on pattern of oxygen consumption and hatchling morphology

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Incubation temperature influences embryonic development and the morphology of resultant hatchlings in many species of turtle but few studies have addressed its effect on oxygen consumption and total embryonic energy expenditure. Eggs of the Australian broad-shelled river turtle, Chelodina expansa, were incubated at constant temperatures of 24˚C and 28˚C to determine the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption, embryonic energy expenditure and hatchling morphology. All embryos at both incubation temperatures experienced a period of developmental diapause immediately after oviposition. Once this initial diapause was broken, embryos underwent a further period of developmental arrest when the embryo was still very small and had minimal oxygen consumption (<20 µL h–1). However, once rapid embryonic growth started, development appeared to be continuous. Rate of increase and peak rate of oxygen consumption were temperature dependent, both being highest at 28˚C. Net production efficiency (total oxygen consumed during incubation divided by yolk-free hatchling mass) was 120 mL O2 g–1 at 24˚C and 111 mL O2g–1 at 28˚C. Hatchling mass and yolk-free hatchling mass were independent of incubation temperature, but hatchlings from 28˚C had larger residual yolks and smaller head widths than hatchlings from 24˚C.

Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Toai ◽  
D. L. Linscott
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation ◽  
Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

Ability of Inactivated Yeast Powder To Adsorb Patulin from Apple Juice

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAIXIA GUO ◽  
TIANLI YUE ◽  
SHAIMAA HATAB ◽  
YAHONG YUAN
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Absolute Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Yeast Powder ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of patulin from apple juice, using two types of inactivated yeast powder: laboratory-prepared yeast powder (LYP) and commercial yeast powder (CYP). The effects of incubation time, pH, incubation temperature, adsorbent amount, and initial concentration of patulin and the stability of the yeast-mycotoxin complex were assessed. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two yeast types in adsorbing patulin were similar. The ability of the powders to remove patulin increased with longer incubation times, and patulin concentration was below detectable levels with LYP and CYP at approximately 36 and 30 h, respectively. The highest removal of patulin was achieved at pH 5.0 for both powder types, and there were no significant differences in patulin decrease at different temperatures (4, 29, and 37°C). Additionally, the adsorption percentage of patulin increased significantly with the increase of absorbent amount and decrease of initial concentration of patulin. Stability of the yeast-patulin complex was assessed, and patulin was more stable when washed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 4.0) than in absolute ethyl alcohol. These results suggest that inactivated yeast powder has potential as a novel and promising adsorbent to bind patulin effectively.

Thermal and water source effects upon the stability of enteroviruses in surface freshwaters

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christon J. Hurst ◽  
William H. Benton ◽  
Kim A. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The long-term survival of three human enterovirus serotypes, Coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 7, and poliovirus 1 was examined in samples of surface freshwater collected from five sites of physically different character. These were an artificial lake created by damming a creek, a small groundwater outlet pond, both a large- and a medium-sized river, and a small suburban creek. Survival was studied at temperatures of −20, 1, and 22 °C. The average amount of viral inactivation was 6.50–7.0 log10 units over 8 weeks at 22 °C, 4–5 log10 units over 12 weeks at 1 °C, and 0.4–0.8 log10 units over 12 weeks at −20 °C. The effect of incubation temperature upon viral inactivation rate was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). As determined by pairing tests, survival was also significantly related to both viral serotype and water source at each of the three incubation temperatures (p ≤ 0.05). Efforts were made to determine whether the rate of viral inactivation observed at the different incubation temperatures was related to characteristics inherent to the water that was collected from the different locations. The characteristics examined included physical and chemical parameters, indigenous bacterial counts, and the amount of bacterial growth that the waters would support (measured as the maximum number of generations which seeded bacteria could undergo after being placed into either pasteurized or sterile-filtered water samples). Analysis of viral inactivation rate versus these characteristics revealed three apparent effectors of viral persistence. These were (i) hardness and conductivity, both of which strongly correlated with one another; (ii) turbidity and suspended solids content, both of which strongly correlated with one another; and (iii) the number of generations of bacterial growth that a sample was capable of supporting, which also correlated with hardness and conductivity.Key words: virus, survival, inactivation rate, water.

Nest temperature´s influence on morphology of Dermochelys coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García-Grajales ◽  
Juan Francisco Meraz ◽  
José Luis Arcos García ◽  
Eustacio Ramírez Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The influence of nest incubation temperatures on the carapace shape and morphological traits of Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli 1761) hatchlings incubated in two hatcheries of Oaxaca, Mexico was evaluated. This study was carried out from October 2016 through May 2017. On each beach, there are community groups consisting of volunteers without association with universities, that protect and relocate the nests to increase hatching success. In each translocated nest, a data logger was placed in the centre of the egg mass. Hatchlings were collected as they emerged from each nest. The carapaces of the hatchlings were photographed and subjected to geometric morphometric analysis; later, hatchlings were weighed and their bodies were measured. The mean temperature of 12 nests in each hatchery were recorded, with no significant differences between hatcheries. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an overlapping of the carapace shape under different duration of temperature. Temperature had a significant influence on hatchling morphology. Higher mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings with low weight, smaller appendage; narrower carapace width and shorter flippers length. Lower mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings that had greater weight, greater appendage width, wider carapace width and longer flipper length. Results indicate that the D. coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries demonstrate morphology that varies in relation to nest incubation temperature in a similar way to hatchlings produced in natural environments.

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