scholarly journals The impact of lockdown on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Central Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongrong Zhang ◽  
Yijia Liu ◽  
Haizhong Liu ◽  
Aihong Hao ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Trade Openness on Food Security: Evidence from Panel Data for Central Asian Countries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Zhilu Sun ◽  
Defeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

The problem of food insecurity has become increasingly critical across the world since 2015, which threatens the lives and livelihoods of people around the world and has historically been a challenge confined primarily to developing countries, to which the countries of Central Asia, as typical transition countries, cannot be immune either. Under this context, many countries including Central Asian countries have recognized the importance of trade openness to ensure adequate levels of food security and are increasingly reliant on international trade for food security. Using the 2001–2018 panel data of Central Asian countries, based on food security’s four pillars (including availability, access, stability, and utilization), this study empirically estimates the impact of trade openness and other factors on food security and traces a U-shaped (or inverted U-shaped) relationship between trade openness and food security by adopting a panel data fixed effect model as the baseline model, and then conducts the robustness test by using the least-squares (LS) procedure for the pooled data and a dynamic panel data (DPD) analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, simultaneously. The results show that: (1) a U-shaped relationship between trade openness and the four pillars of food security was found, which means that beyond a certain threshold of trade openness, food security status tends to improve in Central Asian countries; (2) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, and agricultural productivity have contributed to the improvement of food security. Employment in agriculture, arable land, freshwater withdrawals in agriculture, population growth, natural disasters, and inflation rate have negative impacts on food security; and (3) this study confirms that trade policy reforms can finally be conducive to improving food security in Central Asian countries. However, considering the effects of other factors, potential negative effects of trade openness, and vulnerability of global food trade network, ensuring reasonable levels of food self-sufficiency is still very important for Central Asian countries to achieve food security. Our research findings can provide scientific support for sustainable food system strategies in Central Asian countries.

scholarly journals Research on Import and Export Trade Based on China's FDI to Central Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Zhang Lingzhi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
The Impact

Based on China’s FDI and import and export trade data with Central Asian countries from 2011 to 2019, this article studies whether and how China’s investment in Central Asian countries affects import and export trade. The analysis methods of this article include descriptive statistics and empirical analysis, which are used to describe the relationship and trend of China’s FDI to Central Asian countries and import and export trade. In the empirical analysis, this paper chooses the panel data linear regression model. Through regression analysis of FDI-import and FDI-export, we test the impact of China’s FDI changes in Central Asian countries on import and export trade. The research results show that China’s FDI to Central Asian countries has a significant trade promotion effect on import and export trade, and the growth of China’s FDI to Central Asian countries will effectively drive the growth of import and export trade. China’s FDI in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has a strong trade creation effect. China’s FDI in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has a strong trade substitution effect. China should strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Central Asian countries and expand the scale of FDI. Each country should reduce trade barriers, expand investment fields, and provide favorable policy support for expanding the scale of FDI.

scholarly journals The Impact of the "Big Powers" to the Integration Processes in Central Asia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ediliia Abdykadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Impact

It has been over 20 years since the Soviet Union collapsed. Despite that the post-Soviet countries were not able to build strong economic structure, which would be competitive in the international arena. They failed to implement the economic integration among themselves using communication that they had during the Soviet Union time. There have been various attempts to change the situation, but efforts were not successful due to various obstacles. Among these obstacles take place the influence of America, Russia and China, which are considered as great powers and which are pay great attention to Central Asia. This issue attracts attention due to the fact that the problems associated with the integration of the Central Asian countries still exists and that any integration process in the region does not achieve success without the involvement of other external forces. In this paper basic information about the integration processes between the Central Asian countries and their results will be analyzed. In addition, the attitudes of the Central Asian countries towards integration as well as economic and political influence of the great powers to the integration processes in the region will be examined.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Challenge for Post-Soviet Central Asia Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
A. M. Akhunov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus pandemic has a significant impact on socio-economic and political processes in Central Asia. The political specifics of the countries in the region affected the methods and approaches taken by the authorities of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan to prevent the spread of infection. The article compares these approaches: from declaring a state of emergency and ordering a curfew to suppressing information about the spread of the epidemic. The impact of the pandemic on the relations of the Central Asian countries with Russia and the prospects for the development of Eurasian integration projects is also considered.

scholarly journals The History Of Trade Relations Of Central Asian Countries With Foreign Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Uktam Mansurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Countries ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the history of trade relations of Central Asian countries with foreign countries in ancient and medieval times, the importance of the Great Silk Road, the impact of these relations on political, economic, diplomatic, ethnic and cultural relations. It states that due to diplomatic and trade relations with foreign countries, mutual relations have been established, and the movement of citizens abroad and their entry is based on certain rules. Attention is paid to such factors as the impact of such relations on the socio-political and economic situation in those countries, the specific way of life of the peoples of the region, the way in which diplomatic relations are established. The article focuses on the development of trade relations with foreign countries during the reign of ancient Khorezm, Sogdiana, Parthia and the medieval Hephthalites, the Turkish Khanate, the Arab Caliphate, Amir Temur and the Temurids, the Central Asian khanates, Khiva, Kokand, Bukhara khanates.

COVID-19: NEW CHALLENGES FOR CENTRAL ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 060-071
Author(s):  
Sergey Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact

In 2020, Central Asian countries faced new challenges that are bound to have a huge impact on the development of the region. The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has posed the region’s countries with the need to find mechanisms for adapting the economy and social sphere to the new reality. Despite the difficulties, regional states were able to respond quickly enough to the pandemic and tried to minimize the economic and social consequences. Application of quarantine measures and various restrictions, i.e., border closures and the termination of transport links have yielded positive results. These measures have reduced the incidence of sickness and mortality in all countries. At the same time, they encountered a decline in key macroeconomic indicators. Inflation rate, tumbling GDP and rising unemployment were observed in all Central Asian states. The pandemic has negatively impacted bilateral and multilateral relations of the Central Asian countries. The level of trade and economic relations was lowered, the volume of transported goods decreased. The countries of Central Asia were forced to structure their foreign policy in a new way, which factors in the complicated economic situation in each of the states. Specifically, one of the new trends is the active use of multilateral and bilateral mechanisms of interaction with nonregional states. Despite the steps taken, the countries of the region managed to stabilize the economic situation for a short time. By the fall of 2020, the epidemiological situation remained problematic in the countries of Central Asia. This forced them to develop new measures to support specific sectors of the economy and preserve social and economic stability. The countries did not rule out the introduction of new restrictions and the development of additional economic support measures for the essential sectors of the economy. The slowdown in economic growth in 2020 and the lack of prerequisites for the improvement of the situation do not allow us to expect changes in the region in 2021. The Central Asian states may face a further drop in production volumes, increased unemployment, decreased domestic demand, and inflation. Economic problems in each of the Central Asian countries will negatively affect the geopolitical situation and serve as an obstacle for multilateral interaction of the Central Asian states. Finally, there is still no clear understanding of the impact of the coronavirus on the economies of Central Asia. There are also no calculations that would show how effective the measures taken in the fight against COVID-19 were, and most importantly, it is unclear what resources may be required if the epidemic continues.

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