scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral microbleeds in the elderly

GeroScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Toth ◽  
Andras Czigler ◽  
Peter Horvath ◽  
Balint Kornyei ◽  
Nikolett Szarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Gait Disturbances ◽  
Relevant Outcome

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was shown to lead to the development of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which are associated with long term cognitive decline and gait disturbances in patients. The elderly is one of the most vulnerable parts of the population to suffer TBI. Importantly, ageing is known to exacerbate microvascular fragility and to promote the formation of CMBs. In this overview, the effect of ageing is discussed on the development and characteristics of TBI-related CMBs, with special emphasis on CMBs associated with mild TBI. Four cases of TBI-related CMBs are described to illustrate the concept that ageing exacerbates the deleterious microvascular effects of TBI and that similar brain trauma may induce more CMBs in old patients than in young ones. Recommendations are made for future prospective studies to establish the mechanistic effects of ageing on the formation of CMBs after TBI, and to determine long-term consequences of CMBs on clinically relevant outcome measures including cognitive performance, gait and balance function.

Sa2015 Traumatic Brain Injury and Intestinal Dysfunction: Investigating a Putative Role of the Brain-Gut Axis in Long-Term Consequences of Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. S-384
Author(s):  
Elise L. Ma ◽  
Allen Smith ◽  
Neemesh Desai ◽  
Alan Faden ◽  
Terez Shea-Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Putative Role ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Brain

Propylparaben Reduces the Long-Term Consequences in Hippocampus Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Its Implications as Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cindy Santiago-Castañeda ◽  
Marysol Segovia-Oropeza ◽  
Luis Concha ◽  
Sandra Adela Orozco-Suárez ◽  
Luisa Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategy ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Background: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, induces long-term hippocampal damage and hyperexcitability. On the other hand, studies support that propylparaben (PPB) induces hippocampal neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of subchronic treatment with PPB on TBI-induced changes in the hippocampus of rats. Methods: Severe TBI was induced using the lateral fluid percussion model. Subsequently, rats received subchronic administration with PPB (178 mg/kg, TBI+PPB) or vehicle (TBI+PEG) daily for 5 days. The following changes were examined during the experimental procedure: sensorimotor dysfunction, changes in hippocampal excitability, as well as neuronal damage and volume. Results: TBI+PEG group showed sensorimotor dysfunction (p <  0.001), hyperexcitability (64.2%, p <  0.001), and low neuronal preservation ipsi- and contralateral to the trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis revealed lower volume (17.2%; p <  0.01) and great damage to the ipsilateral hippocampus. TBI+PPB group showed sensorimotor dysfunction that was partially reversed 30 days after trauma. This group showed hippocampal excitability and neuronal preservation similar to the control group. However, MRI analysis revealed lower hippocampal volume (p <  0.05) when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The present study confirms that post-TBI subchronic administration with PPB reduces the long-term consequences of trauma in the hippocampus. Implications of PPB as a neuroprotective strategy to prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease as consequence of TBI are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Cerebral Microbleeds in Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Toth ◽  
Andras Czigler ◽  
Peter Horvath ◽  
Nikolett Szarka ◽  
Balint Kornyei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Elder Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cerebral Microhemorrhages

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces the formation of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which are associated with cognitive impairments, psychiatric disorders, and gait dysfunctions in patients. Elderly people frequently suffer TBIs, especially mild brain trauma (mTBI). Interestingly, aging is also an independent risk factor for the development of CMBs. However, how TBI and aging may interact to promote the development of CMBs is not well established. In order to test the hypothesis that an mTBI exacerbates the development of CMBs in the elderly, we compared the number and cerebral distribution of CMBs and assessed them by analysing susceptibility weighted (SW) MRI in young (25 ± 10 years old, n = 18) and elder (72 ± 7 years old, n = 17) patients after an mTBI and in age-matched healthy subjects (young: 25 ± 6 years old, n = 20; aged: 68 ± 5 years old, n = 23). We found significantly more CMBs in elder patients after an mTBI compared with young patients; however, we did not observe a significant difference in the number of cerebral microhemorrhages between aged and aged patients with mTBI. The majority of CMBs were found supratentorially (lobar and basal ganglion). The lobar distribution of supratentorial CMBs showed that aging enhances the formation of parietal and occipital CMBs after mTBIs. This suggests that aging and mTBIs do not synergize in the induction of the development of CMBs, and that the different distribution of mTBI-induced CMBs in aged patients may lead to specific age-related clinical characteristics of mTBIs.

Gene therapy for chronic traumatic brain injury: Challenges to resolve long-term consequences of brain damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin V. Dhote ◽  
Prem Samundre ◽  
Aman B. Upaganlawar ◽  
Aditya Ganeshpurkar
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Relevant Gene ◽  
Shed Light

: The promise of gene therapy is alluring not only for CNS disorders but also for other pathological conditions. Gene therapy employs the insertion of a healthy gene into the identified genome to replace or replenish genes responsible for pathological disorder or damage due to trauma. The last decade has seen a sea change in the understanding of vital aspects of gene therapy. Despite the complexity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the advent of gene therapy in various neurodegenerative disorders has reinforced the ongoing efforts of alleviating TBI-related outcomes with gene therapy. The review highlights the genes modulated in response to TBI and evaluates their impact on the severity and duration of the injury. We reviewed strategies that pinpointed the most relevant gene targets to restrict debilitating events of brain trauma and utilize vector of choice to deliver the gene of interest at the appropriate site. We attempted to summarize the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of TBI due to numerous pathometabolic perturbations associated with a plethora of genes. Herein, we shed light on the basic pathological mechanisms of brain injury, genetic polymorphism in individuals susceptible to severe outcomes, modulation of gene expression due to TBI, and identification of genes for their possible use in gene therapy. The review also provided insights on the use of vectors and challenges in translations of this gene therapy to clinical practices.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury may not increase the risk of Alzheimer disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 1923-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Weiner ◽  
Paul K. Crane ◽  
Thomas J. Montine ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
Dallas P. Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly occurs in civilian and military populations. Some epidemiologic studies previously have associated TBI with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent clinicopathologic and biomarker studies have failed to confirm the relationship of TBI to the development of AD dementia or pathologic changes, and suggest that other neurodegenerative processes might be linked to TBI. Additional studies are required to determine the long-term consequences of TBI.

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