scholarly journals Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Envisioned Agricultural Manipulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyam Paul ◽  
Ajay Arunachalam ◽  
Davood Khodadad ◽  
Henrik Andreasson ◽  
Olena Rubanenko
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Vibration Attenuation

AbstractThe implementation of image-based phenotyping systems has become an important aspect of crop and plant science research which has shown tremendous growth over the years. Accurate determination of features using images requires stable imaging and very precise processing. By installing a camera on a mechanical arm driven by motor, the maintenance of accuracy and stability becomes non-trivial. As per the state-of-the-art, the issue of external camera shake incurred due to vibration is a great concern in capturing accurate images, which may be induced by the driving motor of the manipulator. So, there is a requirement for a stable active controller for sufficient vibration attenuation of the manipulator. However, there are very few reports in agricultural practices which use control algorithms. Although, many control strategies have been utilized to control the vibration in manipulators associated to various applications, no control strategy with validated stability has been provided to control the vibration in such envisioned agricultural manipulator with simple low-cost hardware devices with the compensation of non-linearities. So, in this work, the combination of proportional-integral-differential (PID) control with type-2 fuzzy logic (T2-F-PID) is implemented for vibration control. The validation of the controller stability using Lyapunov analysis is established. A torsional actuator (TA) is applied for mitigating torsional vibration, which is a new contribution in the area of agricultural manipulators. Also, to prove the effectiveness of the controller, the vibration attenuation results with T2-F-PID is compared with conventional PD/PID controllers, and a type-1 fuzzy PID (T1-F-PID) controller.

scholarly journals Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Susana Campuzano ◽  
Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño ◽  
José Manuel Pingarrón
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Cancer Diseases

The multifaceted key roles of cytokines in immunity and inflammatory processes have led to a high clinical interest for the determination of these biomolecules to be used as a tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of several diseases of great current relevance (autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes). Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of cytokine biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues has attracted considerable attention. However, many currently available techniques used for this purpose, although sensitive and selective, require expensive equipment and advanced human skills and do not meet the demands of today’s clinic in terms of test time, simplicity and point-of-care applicability. In the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical methodologies, electrochemical biosensing is steadily gaining ground as a strategy suitable to develop simple, low-cost methods, with the ability for multiplexed and multiomics determinations in a short time and requiring a small amount of sample. This review article puts forward electrochemical biosensing methods reported in the last five years for the determination of cytokines, summarizes recent developments and trends through a comprehensive discussion of selected strategies, and highlights the challenges to solve in this field. Considering the key role demonstrated in the last years by different materials (with nano or micrometric size and with or without magnetic properties), in the design of analytical performance-enhanced electrochemical biosensing strategies, special attention is paid to the methods exploiting these approaches.

Energy Method for Determining Dynamic Characteristics of Mechanisms

1949 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
B. E. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Complex Mechanical Systems

Abstract Two types of problems are dealt with in the paper which are involved in the design of mechanisms required to have specified dynamic characteristics: (1) Determination of applied forces required to produce specified dynamic characteristics. (2) Determination of the dynamic characteristics which will result from the application of known forces. While graphical methods may be used in the solution of type (1) problems involving more or less complex mechanical systems, they do not afford a direct approach to type (2) problems. The energy method which will be outlined can be applied in either case, although this paper will be primarily concerned with the determination of the dynamic characteristics which result when a known force is applied to a given mechanism.

Low Cost Cooling Device for High Power LED Lamps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Martinez-Vega ◽  
Araceli Lopez-Badillo ◽  
J. Luis Luviano-Ortiz ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero ◽  
Jaime G. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Light Emitting

Abstract The modern world progressively demands more energy; according to forecasts energy consumption will grow at an average annual rate of 3 percent. Therefore, it is necessary to purchase products or devices that are efficient and environmentally friendly. Technology in LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting is presented as an alternative to energy saving, since LEDs have proven to be extremely efficient, have a long service life and their cost-effective ratio is very good. However, the heat emitted by the LED chip must be dissipated effectively, since the overheating of the chip reduces the efficiency and lifetime of the lamp. Therefore, heat sinks that are reliable, efficient and inexpensive should be designed and built. The present work proposes new designs for heat sinks in LED lamps, some of the models in the design of the fins refer to the Fibonacci series. The models proposed in the present work that have a significant advantage are the Type 1E Model (5.2% mass savings and better thermal efficiency of 8.33%), GR Type 1 Model (3.12% lighter and 3.33% more efficient) and the GRL Type Model (4. 51% mass savings and 5.55% thermally more efficient) compared to the Type 2 Reference Model proposed by Jang et al. [12].

scholarly journals Electrochemical Immunosensors for Antibiotic Detection

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pollap ◽  
Jolanta Kochana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Antibiotics are an important class of drugs destined for treatment of bacterial diseases. Misuses and overuses of antibiotics observed over the last decade have led to global problems of bacterial resistance against antibiotics (ABR). One of the crucial actions taken towards limiting the spread of antibiotics and controlling this dangerous phenomenon is the sensitive and accurate determination of antibiotics residues in body fluids, food products, and animals, as well as monitoring their presence in the environment. Immunosensors, a group of biosensors, can be considered an attractive tool because of their simplicity, rapid action, low-cost analysis, and especially, the unique selectivity arising from harnessing the antigen–antibody interaction that is the basis of immunosensor functioning. Herein, we present the recent achievements in the field of electrochemical immunosensors designed to determination of antibiotics.

Determination of inorganic arsenic in rice by solid phase extraction and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 8896-8900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatao Huang ◽  
Jihao Shan ◽  
Bei Fan ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Shuangmei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence

Low-cost, simple methods are needed for accurate determination of iAs in food crops. Total arsenic (As) from rice was extracted and As5+ reduced to As3+. The combined As3+ was separated then quantified. This method appears suitable for general use due to its low cost.

scholarly journals SPECTRUM OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) GENOTYPES AMONG DIAGNOSED CASES OF HCV IN RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD REGION OVER THE PERIOD OF SIX YEARS

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Hamna Javed ◽  
Tehreem Arif ◽  
Saba Arshad ◽  
Saadia Khan Baloch ◽  
Bushra Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Mixed Genotype ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Determination of an individual's HCV genotypes prior to antiviral therapy has become increasingly important for the deciding clinical management and predicting prognosis of HCV infection. Relative genotype proportions are needed to inform to healthcare models, which should be geographically tailored. To our knowledge, there are no studies reporting genotype pattern in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region. We aimed to determine the frequency of different genotypes in HCV positive cases in the population of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad over the period of five years. Methods: Data of total of three thousand eight hundred and eighteen (n=3818) HCV positive adult of both genders were screened for genotype testing over the period of six years were analyzed. Results: Most frequent genotype identified in our study was genotype 3, accounting for 95.8% (n=3657) of HCV positive cases. The second most common genotype was Type 1 accounting for 2.9% (n=109) of HCV positive cases. Other genotypes were Type 2 (0.3%, n=12) and Type 4 (0.1%, n=5). Mixed genotype (Type 1 and 3) were detected in almost 1 % (n=35) of cases. We did not find genotype 5 and 6 in our study sample. No significant difference was observed among males and females in genotype distribution (P>0.05). Conclusion: The most common genotype among HCV patients were found to be genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 as the second most common in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region during the study period.

A 3-ṞPR Parallel Mechanism With Singularities That are Self-Motions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novona Rakotomanga ◽  
Ilian A. Bonev
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Active Joint ◽  
Cartesian Space ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom

The Cartesian workspace of most three-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanisms is divided by Type 2 (also called parallel) singularity surfaces into several regions. Accessing more than one such region requires crossing a Type 2 singularity, which is risky and calls for sophisticated control strategies. Some mechanisms can still cross these Type 2 singularity surfaces through “holes” that represent Type 1 (also called serial) singularities only. However, what is even more desirable is if these Type 2 singularity surfaces were curves instead. Indeed, there exists at least one such parallel mechanism (the agile eye) and all of its singularities are self-motions. This paper presents another parallel mechanism, a planar one, whose singularities are self-motions. The singularities of this novel mechanism are studied in detail. While the Type 2 singularities in the Cartesian space still constitute a surface, they degenerate into lines in the active-joint space, which is the main result of this paper.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Non-Holonomic Leader-Follower Formation Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Tutuko ◽  
Siti Nurmaini ◽  
Saparudin Saparudin ◽  
Gita Fadila Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Formation Control ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Hardware Failure ◽  
Fuzzy Process ◽  
Interval Type

Robotics control system with leader-follower approach has a weakness in the case of formation failure if the leader robot fails. To overcome such problem, this paper proposes the formation control using Interval Type-2-Fuzzy Logic controller (IT2FLC). To validate the performance of the controller, simulations were performed with various environmental systems such as open spaces, complexes, circles and ovals with several parameters. The performance of IT2FLC will be compared with Type-1 Fuzzy Logic (T1FL) and Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller. As the results found using IT2FLC has advantages in environmental uncertainty, sensor imprecision and inaccurate actuator. Moreover, IT2FLC produce good performance compared to T1FLC and PID controller in the above environments, in terms of small data generated in the fuzzy process, the rapid response of the leader robot to avoid collisions and stable movements of the follower robot to follow the leader's posture to reach the target without a crash. Especially in some situations when a leader robot crashes or stops due to hardware failure, the follower robot still continue move to the target without a collision.

Semi-Quantitative Determination of H Type 1 and Type 2 Antigens on Buccal Epithelial Cells and in Saliva of Secretors and Non-Secretors

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
A. Rahat ◽  
J. Stewart ◽  
C.C. Blackwell ◽  
D.M. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells
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