Characterization and Slurry Erosion Mechanisms of Nickel-Based Cermet Coatings on Monel K-500

In the present work, stepwise erosion technique was carried out to investigate in detail the influence of impact angle on the erosion process of AISI 5117 steel. The number of impact sites and their morphologies at different impact angles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination and image analysis. The tests were carried out with particle concentration of 1 wt. %, and the impact velocity of slurry stream was 15 m/s. Silica sand—which has a nominal size range of 250–355 μm—was used as an erodent, using whirling-arm test rig. The results have shown that the number of craters, as expected, increases with the increase in the mass of erodent for all impact angles and this number decreases with the increase of the impact angle. In addition, the counted number of craters is larger than the calculated number of particles at any stage for all impact angles. This may be explained by the effect of the rebound effect of particles, the irregular shape for these particles, and particle fragmentation. The effect of impact angle based on the impact crater shape can be divided into two regions; the first region for θ ≤ 60 deg and the second region for θ ≥ 75 deg. The shape of the craters is related to the dominant erosion mechanisms of plowing and microcutting in the first region and indentation and lip extrusion in the second region. In the first region, the length of the tracks decreases with the increase of impact angle. The calculated size ranges are from few micrometers to 100 μm for the first region and to 50 μm in the second region. Chipping of the former impact sites by subsequent impact particles plays an important role in developing erosion.

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SLURRY EROSION BEHAVIORS OF COPPER ALLOY BARREL OF MEASURE-MENT WHILE DRILLING

Acta Metallurgica Slovaca ◽

10.36547/ams.27.1.851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Kang Jin Huang ◽

Kun Xia Wei ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Qing Bo Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Damage ◽

Impact Angle ◽

Particle Impact ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

Erosion Depth ◽

Particle Properties ◽

Measurement While Drilling ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Erosion Mechanisms ◽

Surface Morphologies

Measurement while drilling (MWD) has been widely used in petroleum drilling engineering because it can realize borehole trajectory monitoring and improve the drilling speed. However, the slurry erosion will deteriorate and shorten the life of MWD. A user-defined function (UDF) code was developed to calculate the particle properties (particle impact velocity, particle impact angle and particle impact number) and erosion depth to understand the erosion process. The results show that the Realizable κ-ε model can accurately predict the erosion profile and the erosion depth is consistent with the experiment results. Furthermore, high pressure will aggravate surface damage and expand the area of slurry erosion. It has been demonstrated that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental approach can be used to identify and explain the erosion mechanisms in different regions where the surface morphologies reveal four erosion patterns, namely, micro-cutting, cracks, pits and plastic deformation.

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A Study on Slurry Erosion Behavior of High Chromium White Cast Iron

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4035346 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. A. Al-Bukhaiti ◽

A. Abouel-Kasem ◽

K. M. Emara ◽

S. M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Impact Velocity ◽

Erosion Resistance ◽

Normal Incidence ◽

Impact Angle ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

High Chromium ◽

Nominal Size ◽

Plastic Indentation ◽

Erosion Mechanisms

High chromium white irons (HCCIs) are used extensively throughout the mineral processing industry to handle erosive and corrosive slurries. This study is an investigation of the effect of impact angle and velocity on slurry erosion of HCCI. The tests were carried out using a rotating whirling-arm rig with particle concentration of 1 wt. %. Silica sand which has a nominal size range of 500–710 μm was used as an erodent. The results were obtained for angles of 30 deg, 45 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg to the exposed surface and velocities of 5, 10, and 15 m/s. The highest erosion resistance of HCCI was at normal impact and the lowest at an angle of 30 deg, irrespective of velocity. The low erosion resistance at an oblique angle is due to large material removal by microcutting from ductile matrix and gross removal of carbides. The effect of velocity, over the studied range from 5 m/s to 15 m/s, on the increase in the erosion rate was minor. The change of impact velocity resulted in changing the slurry erosion mechanisms. At normal incidence, plastic indentation with extruded material of the ductile matrix was the dominant erosion mechanism at low impact velocity (5 m/s). With increasing impact velocity, the material was removed by the indentation of the ductile matrix and to smaller extent of carbide fracture. However, at high impact velocity (15 m/s), gross fracture and cracking of the carbides besides plastic indentation of the ductile matrix were the dominant erosion mechanisms.

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Performance evaluation of HVOF deposited cermet coatings under dry and slurry erosion

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.05.039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 300 ◽

pp. 118-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Tom Peat ◽

Alexander Galloway ◽

Athanasios Toumpis ◽

David Harvey ◽

Wei-Hua Yang

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

Cermet Coatings

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Tribological Behavior of Cermet Coatings Deposited from Submicron WC-10Co-4Cr Powders Using HVOF Spraying

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 303-308

Author(s):

Sheng HONG ◽

Yuping WU ◽

Bo WANG

Keyword(s):

Sliding Wear ◽

Carbide Particle ◽

Rotating Disk ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

Hvof Spraying ◽

Cermet Coatings ◽

Pull Out ◽

Pin On Disk

In this paper, we prepared cermet coatings deposited from submicron WC-CoCr powders using high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying process. The detailed microstructures, slurry erosion and sliding wear resistance of as-sprayed coatings were investigated. The slurry erosion test was performed in a rotating disk rig facility with circulating system using distilled water and 3.5 wt.% NaCl slurries. The sliding wear properties were evaluated by a pin-on-disk tribometer under different loads. The results showed that submicron coatings exhibited higher slurry erosion resistance in distilled water slurry than that in 3.5 wt.% NaCl slurry after three tests. The slurry erosion mechanism of the coatings was characterized by scratches and pull-out of carbide particle. With increasing load (from 10 N to 50 N), the coatings showed a reduction in average friction coefficient (from 0.52 to 0.44), and an increase in mass loss (from 3.3 mg to 11.4 mg). The evolution of the sliding wear characteristics of the coatings with the increase of the load was micro-cracks, carbide particle pull-out, spallation, and massive exfoliation. The sliding wear mechanism of the coatings under different loads was primarily abrasive wear. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19507

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EFFECT OF MIG WELDING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON EROSION AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ASTM A106 GRADE-B PIPE WELDMENTS

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x21500992 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150099

Author(s):

R. SUDHAKAR ◽

J. YOGANANDH ◽

S. OMPRAKASAM

Keyword(s):

Form Factor ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Welding Process ◽

Electrochemical Corrosion ◽

Pipe Material ◽

Mig Welding ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Erosion Test ◽

Erosion Mechanisms

Evaluating the integrity of the welded pipes used for fluid transportation in processing industries demands certain investigations on the erosion and corrosion behavior under various environmental conditions. ASTM A106 Grade-B pipes are butt welded using an automated MIG welding setup to obtain the optimum output response such as Reinforcement Form Factor (W1), Penetration Shape Factor (W2), and Tensile Strength (W3) in the weldments. The slurry erosion test is conducted on the weldment surface by varying the velocity and erodent concentration in acidic (0.1M H2SO[Formula: see text] and alkaline (3.5%[Formula: see text]wt. NaCl) conditions. Correspondingly, the samples are subjected to electrochemical corrosion test in 0.1[Formula: see text]M H2SO4 and 3.5% wt. NaCl solutions. The SEM investigations carried out on the eroded weldment surface show glimpses of erosion mechanisms such as shallow and deep ploughing, oxide cracks, ridges and valleys, scale formation at some areas attributing to sulphide deposition. The corrosion that occurred on the weldment surface tested under acidic conditions is relatively high compared to the alkaline conditions. The reinforcement form factor is the most preferable weld bead characteristic to obtain better erosion and corrosion resistant weldments in the investigated pipe material.

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Slurry Erosion of Pipeline Steel: Effect of Velocity and Microstructure

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4031599 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 138 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tahrim Alam ◽

Md. Aminul Islam ◽

Zoheir N. Farhat

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Erosion Resistance ◽

Pipeline Steel ◽

Target Material ◽

Impact Angle ◽

Slurry Erosion ◽

Material Degradation ◽

Material Microstructure ◽

Transmission Pipeline ◽

Erosion Mechanisms

Pipelines are the most flexible, economic, and convenient way for oil and gas transportation. Material degradation by slurry erosion is a common feature in oil transmission pipeline. In the present work, slurry erosion of AISI 1018, AISI 1080, API X42, and API X70 steels is investigated in terms of slurry velocity and target material microstructure. The slurry velocity and impact angle employed were 0.2, 0.29, 0.36, and 0.43 m s−1 and 90 deg, respectively. It is found that erosion rate increases with increasing slurry velocity. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the eroded surface and subsurface of the steels. Plastic deformation, microcutting, and fracture are identified as dominant erosion mechanisms. Pearlitic microstructure exhibits superior erosion resistance compared to ferrite depending upon slurry velocity and microstructural orientation.

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