The influence of NRXN1 on systemizing and the brain structure in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Shiota ◽  
Izumi Matsudaira ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Chiaki Ono ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Culture Wires the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Park ◽  
Chih-Mao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

There is clear evidence that sustained experiences may affect both brain structure and function. Thus, it is quite reasonable to posit that sustained exposure to a set of cultural experiences and behavioral practices will affect neural structure and function. The burgeoning field of cultural psychology has often demonstrated the subtle differences in the way individuals process information—differences that appear to be a product of cultural experiences. We review evidence that the collectivistic and individualistic biases of East Asian and Western cultures, respectively, affect neural structure and function. We conclude that there is limited evidence that cultural experiences affect brain structure and considerably more evidence that neural function is affected by culture, particularly activations in ventral visual cortex—areas associated with perceptual processing.

scholarly journals Brain structure in healthy adults is related to serum transferrin and the H63D polymorphism in the HFE gene

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (14) ◽  
pp. E851-E859 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jahanshad ◽  
O. Kohannim ◽  
D. P. Hibar ◽  
J. L. Stein ◽  
K. L. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Serum Transferrin

scholarly journals Determination of Dynamic Brain Connectivity via Spectral Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Robinson ◽  
James A. Henderson ◽  
Natasha C. Gabay ◽  
Kevin M. Aquino ◽  
Tara Babaie-Janvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
The Brain

Spectral analysis based on neural field theory is used to analyze dynamic connectivity via methods based on the physical eigenmodes that are the building blocks of brain dynamics. These approaches integrate over space instead of averaging over time and thereby greatly reduce or remove the temporal averaging effects, windowing artifacts, and noise at fine spatial scales that have bedeviled the analysis of dynamical functional connectivity (FC). The dependences of FC on dynamics at various timescales, and on windowing, are clarified and the results are demonstrated on simple test cases, demonstrating how modes provide directly interpretable insights that can be related to brain structure and function. It is shown that FC is dynamic even when the brain structure and effective connectivity are fixed, and that the observed patterns of FC are dominated by relatively few eigenmodes. Common artifacts introduced by statistical analyses that do not incorporate the physical nature of the brain are discussed and it is shown that these are avoided by spectral analysis using eigenmodes. Unlike most published artificially discretized “resting state networks” and other statistically-derived patterns, eigenmodes overlap, with every mode extending across the whole brain and every region participating in every mode—just like the vibrations that give rise to notes of a musical instrument. Despite this, modes are independent and do not interact in the linear limit. It is argued that for many purposes the intrinsic limitations of covariance-based FC instead favor the alternative of tracking eigenmode coefficients vs. time, which provide a compact representation that is directly related to biophysical brain dynamics.

scholarly journals „Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowości

Adeptus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmiła Janion
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Popular Book ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
The Brain

„Let’s not be too eager about equality” – brain sex, heteronormativity, and the scientific mystiqueThe article analyses the role of brain sex in Polish public discourse of the last years. The authors of a popular book Brain Sex claim that differences between women and men stem from differences in the brain structure, and because of that they are universal and unchangeable; feminism is based on misrepresentation of science. This thesis was overtaken by right-wing journalists, as it gave scientific justification to conservative gender politics and contemplementarity – the gender ontology of the Catholic church. However, in the rightwing journalism a significant aspect of brain sex theory is silenced, namely, the claim that homo- and transsexuality result from disorders in brain development; they are unchangeable and should be accepted. Despite its conservative roots, brain sex was popularized in liberal media as well. The aura of science that accompanied this popular theory allowed to naturalize its anti-feminism and heteronormativity. This phenomenon is discussed on the basis of media activity of two Polish scientists who are popular both in right-wing and liberal media: Anna Grabowska and Jerzy Vetulani. Both present brain sex theory as objective, universally accepted truth, which is attacked in the name of the leftist ideology by ignorant activists who deny science. „Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowościArtykuł analizuje rolę płci mózgu w polskim dyskursie publicznym ostatnich lat. Autorzy niezwykle popularnej w Polsce książki Płeć mózgu twierdzą, że różnice między kobietami i mężczyznami wynikają z różnic w budowie mózgów, a przez to są uniwersalne i niezmienne, feminizm zaś jest oparty na fałszowaniu nauki. Teza ta została podchwycona przez prawicowych publicystów, ponieważ nadawała naukową legitymację konserwatywnej polityce płci oraz komplementaryzmowi – ontologii płci przyjętej przez Kościół katolicki. W prawicowym piśmiennictwie przemilcza się jednak istotny aspekt płci mózgu, mianowicie twierdzenie, że homo- i transseksualność wynikają z wad w rozwoju mózgu, są niezmienne i powinny być akceptowane. Mimo swoich konserwatywnych korzeni płeć mózgu była popularyzowana także w mediach liberalnych. Nimb naukowości, którym otaczany był popularny pogląd, pozwalał naturalizować związane z nim antyfeminizm i heteronormatywność. Zjawisko to omówione jest na podstawie działalności popularyzatorskiej dwojga naukowców, cieszących się popularnością zarówno w prawicowych, jak i liberalnych mediach: Anny Grabowskiej i Jerzego Vetulaniego. Oboje przedstawiali płeć mózgu jako obiektywną, powszechnie uznawaną naukową prawdę, z którą w imię lewicowej ideologii próbują walczyć nieakceptujący ustaleń nauki aktywiści.

scholarly journals On the brain structure heterogeneity of autism: Parsing out acquisition site effects with significance-weighted principal component analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1208-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesús Martinez-Murcia ◽  
Meng-Chuan Lai ◽  
Juan Manuel Górriz ◽  
Javier Ramírez ◽  
Adam M. H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Weighted Principal Component ◽  
Structure Heterogeneity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Brain Responses to Acupuncture Are Probably Dependent on the Brain Functional Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanfu Li ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jinbo Sun ◽  
Chunsheng Xu ◽  
Yuanqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Stages ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

In recent years, neuroimaging studies of acupuncture have explored extensive aspects of brain responses to acupuncture in finding its underlying mechanisms. Most of these studies have been performed on healthy adults. Only a few studies have been performed on patients with diseases. Brain responses to acupuncture in patients with the same disease at different pathological stages have not been explored, although it may be more important and helpful in uncovering its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we used fMRI to compare brain responses to acupuncture in patients with Bell’s palsy at different pathological stages with normal controls and found that the brain response to acupuncture varied at different pathological stages of Bell’s palsy. The brain response to acupuncture decreased in the early stages, increased in the later stages, and nearly returned to normal in the recovered group. All of the changes in the brain response to acupuncture could be explained as resulting from the changes in the brain functional status. Therefore, we proposed that the brain response to acupuncture is dependent on the brain functional status, while further investigation is needed to provide more evidence in support of this proposition.

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