Physiological and molecular response of annual Medicago species to juglone

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Torabi ◽  
Fariba Rafiei ◽  
Leila Shabani ◽  
Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Response ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

scholarly journals Differential expression of TLP, ERF1, and R2R3MYB in annual Medicago species under salinity conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 10152-10164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gharaghani ◽  
F. Rafiei ◽  
N. Mirakhorli ◽  
E. Ebrahimie
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

An improved method for artificial hybridization in annual Medicago species

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Pathipanawat ◽  
RAC Jones ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Artificial Hybridization ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Improved Technique ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

An improved technique for successful artificial hybridization in annual medic (Medicago spp.) is described. Using a previously reported method, only four out of seven species were successfully crossed, with the percentage of success ranging from 3 to 22%. Initial modifications to this technique gave a 7-8 fold increase in the successful crossing rate in M. murex and M. polymorpha medic, from 9 to 64% with M. murex and from 10 to 82% with M. polymorpha. Further modifications to the technique resulted in a success rate of 100% in both species. The numbers of seeds per pod obtained from crosses in both species were also increased by using the modified techniques compared to the established method. Selection of larger, more mature flowers, differences in flower cutting position, as well as post pollination position were the main modifications which accounted for the greatly improved success rate. The modified technique was subsequently applied successfully to obtain for the first time inter-specific crosses involving M. polymorphax M. murex, M. polymorphax M. sphaerocarpos, M.murexx M. sphaerocarpos, M. solerolii x M. littoralis/M.truncatula hybrid, M. solerolii x M, tornata, and M. littoralis/M.truncatula hybrid x M. sphaerocarpos.

Strategies for control of Phoma black stem in annual Medicago species

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
And Control ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Selection Of

Strategies for control of Phoma black stem disease in annual Medicago species through selection of cultivars with increased resistance to Phoma medicaginis, fungicidal spray applications to swards, and fungicidal control of seedborne infection, were investigated. Fiftyseven annual Medicago cultivars and lines were screened for resistance in the field in 1 m rows over 2 consecutive seasons. There were significant differences in resistance among species and also between lines and cultivars of any particular species. Three M. rugosa cultivars were very highly resistant and most cultivars and lines showed some resistance. In a field trial, the fungicides benomyl, carbendazim, flutriafol, propiconazole, thiabendazole and triadimefon were tested for their efficacy in controlling Phoma black stem disease. All fungicides reduced disease severity in the sward and, except for thiabendazole, the percentage burrs with Phoma lesions. The role and control of seed-borne P. medicaginis in causing Phoma black stem disease in Medicago truncatula and M. polymorpha var. brevispina at a field site was also investigated. Seed-borne P. medicaginis caused subsequent development of Phoma black stem disease in swards sown with infected seed. Disease appeared earlier, developed faster and became much more severe in M. truncatula cv. Cyprus than in M. polymorpha cv. Serena. Application of benomyl seed treatments (0.1 and 0.5% w/w) resulted in only a 4-5 week delay in the onset of Phoma black stem symptoms.

Forage Yield and Quality of Six Annual Medicago Species in the North‐Central USA

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Zhu ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Donald K. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Central Usa ◽  
Medicago Species

Stigma development and the stigmatic cuticle of Medicago scutellata

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Kreitner ◽  
E. L. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Medicago Scutellata ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Stigma Development ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Late Stages

The self-fertile annual Medicago species evolved from the cross-pollinated perennial species. We used light and electron microscopy to study the development and structure of the stigma in annual tetraploid Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill to help elucidate the mechanism of self-pollination. Immature stigmatic cells have extensive lipid deposits. During development, stigmatic cells become separated and cellular lipid is transferred to intercellular spaces as part of the copious stigmatic secretion. The cuticle of the stigma is lifted away from underlying cell walls and confines secretion around stigmatic cells. The cuticle is thin, about 75 nm, and is composed mainly of a single layer traversed by dense strands. The cuticle is virtually always disrupted during late stages of flower maturation, as evidenced by penetration of stain into the stigma. Self-pollination may occur without flower tripping.

Resistance in annual Medicago species to Phoma medicaginis under controlled environment and field conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Line Resistance

Seven Medicago species, comprising 11 cultivars and 9 seed lines, were screened for resistance to Phoma black stem disease (caused by Phoma medicaginis) at 3 temperature regimes (day/night) of 15/10, 17.5/12.5 and 20/15�C and at 3 plant ages under controlled environment conditions. The same cultivars and lines were screened in the field over 2 seasons. There were large differences among species, and between cultivars and lines of any 1 species, in the severity of Phoma black stem disease on plants 1,4 and 10 weeks of age and at the 3 temperature regimes under controlled environment conditions, and in field screenings. Under controlled environmental conditions the cultivar and line resistance rankings were influenced by plant age, in particular, and also by the temperature regime. Cultivar and line resistance to P. medicaginis on 10-week-old plants under controlled environment conditions was correlated with some field results but resistance to this disease on 1- and 4-week-old plants was not correlated with field data.

Studies on seed and pollen transmission of Alfalfa Mosaic, Cucumber Mosaic and Bean Yellow Mosaic Viruses in cultivars and accesions of annual Medicago species

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Pathipanowat ◽  
RAC Jones ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Pollen Transmission ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Seed Coats

Seed and pollen transmission of alfalfa mosaic (AMV), cucumber mosaic (CMV) and bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) viruses was investigated in annual medic species (Medicago spp.). For seed transmission studies with AMV, graft inoculation was used to establish early infection and maximize possible transmission rates to seedlings via seed, but with CMV and BYMV aphid and/or graft inoculation was used. For pollen transmission studies, pollen taken from virus-infected plants was used to pollinate healthy plants, the seed collected and seedlings tested. The rates of AMV isolate OUI-2 transmission to seedlings through seed produced on infected plants ranged from 6 to 53% for commercial cultivars and from 7 to 65% for accessions. Accession DZA 3181.1.1 of M. sphaerocarpos had the highest overall AMV transmission rate. Only two cultivars, cvv. Borung and Hannaford of M. truncatula, and accession SA 4268 of M. orbicularis, had transmission rates of less than 10%. The rates of CMV transmission to seedlings via seed produced on infected plants of the cultivars and accessions tested were 0.3 to 13%, the greatest being found in M. polymorpha cv. Serena, but 6 out of 11 had no detectable transmission. The rates of BYMV transmission to seedlings via seed of the cultivars and accessions tested were 0.3 to 1%, but in 12 out of 15 none was detected. AMV isolate OUI-2 was transmitted to 52% of seedlings via seed produced on healthy M. polymorpha cv. Circle Valley plants pollinated from infected plants. In contrast, no transmission to seedlings by either graft-inoculation or pollination of M. polymorpha plants was detected with a second AMV isolate, OUI-1, which appeared to have lost its ablilty to be seed transmitted. No CMV or BYMV transmission to seedlings via pollination of healthy plants with pollen from infected plants was detected in M. polymorpha cvv. Circle Valley or Santiago. When empty immature pods, and dissected seed coats and embryos from immature seeds produced on AMV-infected plants of M. polymorpha were tested, AMV isolates OUI-I and OUI-2 were detected in all pods and seed coats, but only in 59% of embryos with isolate OUI-2 and in none with isolate OUI-1. CMV was detected in 12% of embryos tested from immature seeds produced on CMV-infected M. polymorpha cv. Serena plants. Transmission of all three viruses through seed, and of AMV through pollen, is cause for concern in annual medic breeding and evaluation programs. Moreover, carry-over outside the growing season in medic pastures is possible through seed with all three viruses.

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