Cooperation in private forestry of post-soviet system: Forest owners’ cooperatives in Lithuania

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Lazdinis ◽  
Aidas Pivoriūnas ◽  
Imantas Lazdinis
Keyword(s):  
Soviet System ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Private Forestry

Institutional innovation in European private forestry: the emergence of forest owners' organizations.

2011 ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. S. C. Mendes ◽  
B. Stefanek ◽  
D. Feliciano ◽  
D. Mizaraite ◽  
D. Nonic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Private Forestry

scholarly journals Monitoring Finnish family forestry

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heimo Karppinen ◽  
Harri Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Private Forestry ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Forest Industries

Non-industrial private forestry is important in many European countries as well as in the United States and eastern provinces of Canada. Private forests are especially important in Finland because the forest industries are highly dependent on private timber supply. In this article, we present the Finnish monitoring system for private forestry. Forest owners receive mailed inquiries regarding demographics, holding characteristics, ownership objectives, areas of silvicultural treatments, and timber sales, as well as connections with extension organizations. Studies based on such data have been useful in planning and implementation of national forestry programs and policies. Key words: non-industrial private forest owners, small-scale forestry, landowner characteristics, ownership objectives, forest management behaviour, timber supply, Finland

Духовное влияние советского строя на иерархов и духовенство в 1960-е—1980-е годы (SPIRITUAL INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM ON HIERARCHS AND CLERGY IN THE 1960-s – 1980-s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Олег Викторович (Oleg V.) Кириченко (Kirichenko)
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The West ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена малоизученному явлению – церковному инакомыслию, которое было порождено влиянием «советской духовности» не только на общество, но и на Церковь. Автор ставит проблему инакомыслия и диссидентства как явлений, выросших в недрах высшей советской номенклатуры и потом уже распространившихся на низшие слои, затронувшие и церковную среду. Апелляция к Западу, как к третейскому судье, была закономерным явлением советской действительности, что требует научной проработки и объяснения. The article is devoted to a little-studied phenomenon – church dissent, which was generated by the influence of "Soviet spirituality" not only on society, but also on the Church. The author poses the problem of dissent and dissidentism as phenomena that grew up in the the higher Soviet nomenclature and then spread to the lower layers, affecting the church environment. An appeal to the West as an arbitrator was a natural phenomenon of Soviet reality, which requires scientific study and explanation.

Waldpolitik des Bundes – Ein neuer Prozess ist gestartet | Federal forest policy – the start of a new process

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (12) ◽  
pp. 531-533
Author(s):  
Werner Schärer
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
New Process ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Landscape Protection

Modern forest policy must take the following two conditions into account:1. Forest policy is an intersectoral policy involving elements of regional policy, nature conservation and landscape protection policy, as well as agricultural, clean-air, climate and economic policies.2. It is the joint task of the federal authorities, cantons, municipalities,relevant organisations and forest owners. Over the next few years, Buwal will develop a forestry programme for Switzerland together with all the relevant actors,which will fulfil both current and forthcoming forest policy requirements at both national and international levels.

Senkenanrechnung gemäss Kyoto-Protokoll: Perspektiven für die Waldwirtschaft | Taking carbon sinks into account according to the Kyoto Protocol: a prospect for the forest sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Richard Volz
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction Target ◽  
Actual Target

The Kyoto Protocol makes provisions for carbon sinks from forest management to be taken into account as a contribution towards fulfilling a country's emission reduction target. Additional emission allowances are allocated for these forest carbon sinks. If Switzerland uses this extra contingent of allowances to the full it would then only have to reduce emissions by 4.5% instead of the actual target of 8%. Emission allowances from carbon sinks can be traded on the emissions trading market and be claimed by forest owners. An assessment of the income that could be anticipated was carried out in four forestry companies: with the CO2 price set at 10 CHF per ton it was seen that a potential revenue of between 6 and 71 CHF per hectare and year could be realised. However, the legal basis for allocating emission allowances from carbon sinks to forest owners has yet to be created. In view of the fact that the two chambers of Parliament refused the introduction of the Forests Act Revision Bill, it is not clear if and in what form this will be done. For the period after 2012, the rules will be renegotiated at the international level and it is expected that the carbon stored in harvested wood products will be taken into account. Accordingly, wood removed from the forest would no longer be automatically counted as a CO2 source in the emission balance.

La politique forestière vaudoise: une orientation résolument «patrimoine multifonctionnel» | Forestry policy in the canton of Vaud: the “multifunctional heritage” option

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (7) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Jean-François Métraux
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Political ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Forest Managers

In the years since 2000, the authorities in charge of forests in canton Vaud have made some substantial changes as a reaction to the political decisions arising from the Swiss Forest Programme and the projected revision of the Federal forestry Law, as well as to the deterioration of the economic situation in forestry enterprises. This article gives a survey of the directions taken. Thus the canton recognises the primordial role of wood production as a driving force behind the creation of a multifunctional forest. The Service for Forests, Wildlife and Nature has invested a great deal in planning, and has redefined the management plan to be an instrument intended for forest owners and forest managers. The canton has innovated by introducing forestry groups and a scheme of equalisation of forestry costs between communes. Hence the conception of forestry management in canton Vaud is resolutely that of a multifunctional natural heritage.

Ergebnisse und Trends der forstlichen Betriebsabrechnung im Kanton Aargau von 1991 bis 2002 | Results and trends of the forest accounts in the canton of Argovia 1991-2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Ernst Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Catastrophic Damage

In recent years public forest owners in the canton of Argovia have carried out considerable structural changes. The positive consequences to the accounts arising from these changes can be confirmed and documented using a number of various measurements from the forest accounts. Until 1999 the results of structural changes compensated for the decrease in wood revenues, even managing in some cases to move from loss to profit. The falls in profit following the catastrophic damage caused by the hurricane Lothar in December 1999 also meant falling accounts. Even in internationally comparable enterprise structures, the survival of forest enterprises is not assured at these low levels. Against a background of, above all, falling subventions without corresponding compensation, further structural changes are unavoidable. Such changes, however, can only lead to success if value is added along the entire production chain and the branch of forest and wood management is able to compete internationally.

Explaining Peaceful Change in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tabachnik ◽  
Benjamin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Two Independent Variables

This chapter explains the process of peaceful change in Central and Eastern Europe following the demise of the Soviet system. It also explains the failure of peaceful change in the Balkans and some post-Soviet countries, such as the Ukrainian conflict in 2014. The chapter accounts for the conditions for peaceful change and for the variation between peaceful and violent change by the state-to-nation theory. The two independent variables suggested by the theory are the level of state capacity and congruence—namely the compatibility between state borders and the national identities of the countries at stake. Moreover, according to the theory, great-power engagement serves as an intervening variable and in some conditions, as explained in the chapter, may help with peaceful change.

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