scholarly journals Characterisation of particulate matter and identification of emission sources in Greater Caracas, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giobertti Morantes ◽  
Jean Carlos González ◽  
Gladys Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Secondary Aerosols ◽  
Biological Sources

AbstractBetween June and September 2018, particulate matter (PM) samples were taken in the Sartenejas Valley, southeast of Greater Caracas, Venezuela. The aim was to evaluate the morphology and the elemental chemical composition of particulate matter and establish possible emission sources during the rainy season. Functional groups were identified by FTIR spectroscopic analysis, and morphology and elemental composition were obtained by SEM–EDX analysis. The sampling period coincided with a Sahara dust storm. The SEM–EDX and FTIR analyses found evidence of mineral elements related to soil and crustal origins. The presence of C-rich or C-containing aerosols is related to biological sources or mineral carbon. SEM–EDX analysis of PM revealed the following particle groups: geogenic, metallic, C-rich, and secondary aerosols. Quantitative source appointments through principal component analysis (PCA) corroborated PM sources, including soil dust, sea salts, and reacted aerosols. According to the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first report to indicate that an episode of African dust could influence the particles collected in an intertropical continental sector in Venezuela, South America.

scholarly journals Statistical evaluation and predicting the possible sources of particulate matter in a Mediterranean metropolitan city

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

In Mega-cities, such as Istanbul, urbanization causes heavy traffic. Air pollution, which originated from heavy traffic and industrialization, is one of the most important problems for the people who live in the populated cities. Due to both environmental and health effects, particulate matter problem always remains popular and serves an important research field. For this purpose, PM2.5 and PM10 measurements were taken in the megacity of Istanbul, close to Besiktas district by a low volume sampler at 5 different sampling stations. A total of 150 samples, 75 samples of PM2.5 and 75 samples of PM10 were collected from these sampling stations. Sampling period was between March 2009 and March 2010. Determination of particulate matter concentration was performed by the gravimetric method and elemental concentrations were analyzed with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis were applied to obtained elemental concentrations in order to identify the possible sources associated with the particulate matter. Four factors for PM2.5 and five factors for PM10 were determined by PCA method, which had variance contributions of 82.3% for PM2.5 and 83.5% for PM10. Acquired data showed that Istanbul ambient air was dominated by traffic emissions and crustal originated elements.

SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES IN THE VICINITY OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BALOURIA ◽  
S. C. BEDI ◽  
I. M. GOVIL ◽  
B. P. MOHANTY ◽  
H. SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Plant

The scope of this study was to determine the concentration and composition of atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) in the vicinity of coal-fired Ropar thermal power plant near Chandigarh, India. Two sampling sites, one inside the thermal plant and the other, outside the thermal plant were chosen. The elemental analysis was done using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The elements detected at both the sites were common i.e. Si , S , Cl , K , Ca , Ti , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu and Zn however, their concentration vary at both the sampling sites. Also, Principal Component (PC) and Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis were done in order to identify the contributing elemental sources towards the particulate matter. Contributing sources to the elements were found not only the emission from the coal-fired thermal power plant but also from other activities like vehicular emissions, household cooking and natural soil dust etc.

scholarly journals Toxic Organic Contaminants in Airborne Particles: Levels, Potential Sources and Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Donatella Pomata ◽  
Patrizia Di Filippo ◽  
Carmela Riccardi ◽  
Federica Castellani ◽  
Giulia Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Size Fractions

In the last years, many studies have focused on risk assessment of exposure of workers to airborne particulate matter (PM). Several studies indicate a strong correlation between PM and adverse health outcomes, as a function of particle size. In the last years, the study of atmospheric particulate matter has focused more on particles less than 10 μm or 2.5 μm in diameter; however, recent studies identify in particles less than 0.1 μm the main responsibility for negative cardiovascular effects. The present paper deals with the determination of 66 organic compounds belonging to six different classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ultrafine, fine and coarse fractions of PM (PM < 0.1 µm; 0.1 < PM < 2.5 µm and 2.5 < PM < 10 µm) collected in three outdoor workplaces and in an urban outdoor area. Data obtained were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA), in order to underline possible correlation between sites and classes of pollutants and characteristic emission sources. Emission source studies are, in fact, a valuable tool for both identifying the type of emission source and estimating the strength of each contamination source, as useful indicator of environment healthiness. Moreover, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were determined in order to estimate human health risk associated to study sites. Risk analysis was carried out evaluating the contribution of pollutant distribution in PM size fractions for all the sites. The results highlighted significant differences between the sites and specific sources of pollutants related to work activities were identified. In all the sites and for all the size fractions of PM both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values were below acceptable and safe levels of risks recommended by the regulatory agencies.

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Xingpu Qi ◽  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianwei Cheng ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER TO ASSESS THE IMPACT ON DEGRADATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE TROPAEUM TRAIANI MONUMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-818
Author(s):  
CRISTIANA RADULESCU ◽  
RODICA MARIANA ION ◽  
CLAUDIA STIHI ◽  
IOANA DANIELA DULAMA ◽  
CRISTINA MIHAELA NICOLESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Matrix Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Closed Environment

The present paper is focused on the microclimatic investigation and weather-climatic phenomena matrix assessment, which can be generated for heritage objectives at different spatial and temporal resolutions, correlated with physicochemical analysis of the particulate matter (PM2.5-10). In the literature the importance of atmospheric PM monitoring in the proximity of monuments is not yet sufficiently highlighted. In this respect, the microclimatic investigation of the Tropaeum Traiani Monument (Adamclisi, Romania) was performed to assess the suitability of a closed environment, located outdoors, according to the conservation requirements of heritage materials. The monitoring campaigns (four seasons, e.g., from summer of the year 2018 to spring of the year 2019) were carried out by non-invasive measuring equipment. The collected data were used to investigate the hygrothermal and chemical behavior inside and outside of Tropaeum Traiani Monument, built in 109, to assess the risks on the oldest structural material. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics software to assess the similarities between the microclimatic parameters.

PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS JERAPAN Pb DALAM PARTIKULAT OLEH POHON TANJUNG (Mimusops elengi) DAN POHON BUNGUR (Lagerstroemia) (STUDI KASUS DI JALAN TIMOHO YOGYAKARTA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sri Sunarsih ◽  
Hadi Prasetyo Suseno ◽  
Muhammad Aulia Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Mimusops Elengi ◽  
Metallic Pollutants

The ability of plants to absorb metallic pollutants varies. The research has been conducted to compare the effectiveness of Tanjung (Mimusops elengi) and Bungur (Lagerstroemia) plants in absorbing Pb metal in particulate matter. The effect of location and leaf height on the effectiveness of pollutant uptake was also observed. Sampling was carried out in July 2020-September 2020 by taking leaves that were not too dark or light in color. Leaves taken at heights 3, 6, and 9 m on Timoho side Street. The particulate and leaf samples were digested and then analyzed their Pb levels using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Tanjung plants with denser leaves captured more particulate deposits than the Bungur plants. This plant is also more effective at absorbing and accumulating Pb metal, which is indicated by the ratio of Pb metal in the leaves to Pb in particulates which is higher than the Bungur plant. These results were consistent for each sampling period, at each location and each crown height.

Distribution characteristics and source analysis of metal elements in indoor PM2.5 in high-rise buildings during heating season in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bai ◽  
Zijian He ◽  
Wanyue Chen ◽  
Yujie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
High Rise

This study aims to investigate whether sources of metal elements in fine particulate matter and their distribution in high-rise buildings vary with floor levels. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine the contents of 11 common heavy metals in PM2.5 samples collected from different floors of a high-rise residential building in Northeast China during the heating season. The sources of metal elements in PM2.5 samples on different floors were analysed by the enrichment factor method and the principal component analysis method. The concentration of metal elements is higher in lower floors (<7th floor) and lower in higher floors (>7th floor). The enrichment factor method shows that the enrichment factors of As, Cd, Cu and Pb may be seriously affected by human sources, while the enrichment factors of the other seven metals are less than 10, indicating that their sources may be natural sources. The principal component analysis shows that the main sources of indoor metal elements in high-rise residential buildings are divided into four main components, including coal combustion (31.44%), automobile emissions and transportation (21.60%), soil dust, particulate matter discharged from agricultural production and atmospheric dust (13.43%), metallurgical, chemical and ore mining (12.61%).

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