scholarly journals Electroconvulsive therapy for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a literature review from 2000 to 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco M. Zierhut ◽  
Renaldo M. Bernard ◽  
Eleanor Turner ◽  
Sara Mohamad ◽  
Eric Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractNegative symptoms in schizophrenia remain a clinical challenge with small effect sizes and evidence for pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment approaches. Studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) holds some promise as a treatment option of often persistent negative symptoms with clinically meaningful effects. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the efficacy of ECT on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-five publications were included in this literature review comprising 21 studies, two meta-analyses, eight reviews and four case reports. Conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, given the small number and methodological shortcomings of the included publications with a variation of study designs and missing standardized protocols. Implications for future research and practice are critically discussed. Recommendations are given to provide more evidence that will meet the clinical challenge of reducing the negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Study designs that focus explicitly on negative symptoms and assess patients over longer follow up periods could be helpful. Future research should include control groups, and possibly establish international multicentered studies to get a sufficient study population. Findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia resistant to pharmacological treatment might benefit from ECT. A risk and benefit assessment speaks in favour of the ECT treatment. Future practice of ECT should include a combination treatment with antipsychotics. Whereas the use of anaesthetics and electrode placement does not seem to play a role, the recommendation regarding frequency of ECT treatments is currently three times a week, For the assessment of negative symptoms the assessment tool should be chosen carefully.

scholarly journals Development of a general crowdsourcing maturity model

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (55) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Carlos Mario Durango-Yepes ◽  
Víctor Daniel Gil-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
General Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Maturity Models ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Clear Description

The article presents a general model of crowdsourcing maturity (MGMC), focused on measuring the maturity of managerial, behavioral and technological aspects that support the activities of crowdsourcing in organizations. As methodology, it was used a systematic literature review, taking into account the low number of research publications and the low number of literature reviews prescribing practices of Crowdsourcing Maturity Models. It has been developed an assessment tool that accompanies this model to facilitate practical applications. The results of this study indicate that the maturity model developed can serve as a useful tool to describe and guide the efforts to implement such concept, providing a clear description of the current situation, and guidelines to follow. To assess its validity and improve generalization, future research can apply the Crowdsourcing Maturity Model proposal to different contexts

Frailty in Young and Middle-Aged Adults: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Loecker ◽  
M. Schmaderer ◽  
L. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Study Designs

Background: Frailty is a public health priority resulting in poor health outcomes and early mortality in older adults. Early identification, management, and prevention of frailty may reduce frailty trajectory into later life. However, little is known about frailty in younger adults. Objective: Describe frailty prevalence, definitions, study designs, and components contributing to multidimensional frailty in 18 to 65-year-olds and impart guidance for future research, practice, and policies with potential to positively impact frail individuals. Methods: Integrative review approach was selected to explore frailty allowing for inclusion of diverse methodologies and varied persepectives while maintaining rigor and applicability to evidence-based practice initiatives. CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed databases were searched for studies describing frailty in adults age 18 to 65. Articles were excluded if published prior to 2010, not in English, lacked frailty focus, or non-Western culture. Results: Twelve descriptive correlational studies were included. No intervention or qualitative studies were identified. No standard conceptual definition of frailty was discovered. Studied in participants with health disparities (n=3) and chronic conditions (n=8); HIV was most common (n=4). Frailty prevalence ranged from 3.9% (313 of 8095) to 63% (24 of 38). Many factors associated with frailty were identified among physical (18) and social (14), and fewer among psychological (11) domains. Conclusions: Universal frailty definition and multidimensional assessment tool is needed to generate generalizable results in future studies describing frailty in young and middle-aged adults. Early frailty identification by clinicians has potential to facilitate development and implementation of targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate frailty progression, but additional research is needed because risk factors in younger populations may be different than older adults.

scholarly journals The Role of Rubrics in Learning and Implementation of Authentic Assessment: A Literature Review

10.28945/4606 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara A. Nkhoma ◽  
Mathews Nkhoma ◽  
Susan Thomas ◽  
Nha Quoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Improve Reliability

Aim/Purpose: This study will review the existing literature on the advantages and challenges associated with rubric design and implementation. The role of rubric as an authentic assessment instrument will also be discussed. Background: This study provides an overall understanding of ‘rubric design, the benefits and challenges of using rubrics, which will be useful for both practitioners and researchers alike. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was carried out on rubric, educational assessment, authentic assessment and other related topics. Contribution: Different types of rubrics and essential elements to create a complete rubric for classroom effectiveness are reviewed from literature to aid researchers, students and teachers who are new to using and designing rubrics. For experienced rubric designers and users, this will be an opportunity for them to get reassurance from the literature regarding good practices of rubric usage. This project will also be of use to researchers working on rubrics. Findings: A rubric is not only an assessment tool useful for students in high-stakes exam but also an educational instrument supporting learners to select appropriate learning approaches, assisting teachers to design effective instruction strategies, and improve reliability and validity of assessment. Novice learners should begin with generic rubrics due to their simplicity. Meanwhile, a task-specific rubric is more useful to improve reliability and validity of large-scale assessment. Holistic rubrics are appropriate for assessment of learning and analytic rubrics are almost indispensable in student-centred classroom and assessment for learning. Recommendations for Practitioners: A rubric as an authentic assessment instrument is useful to enhance the reliability of authentic assessment. Moreover, other empirical results indicate that rubrics play an importance role in authentic assessment regardless of levels or disciplines. Recommendations for Researchers: Those carrying out research on rubrics, rubric design and authentic assessment will find this paper useful as a point of reference to inform their research. Impact on Society: The findings apply to both learners and instructors in terms of analyzing best practices when using rubrics. The paper highlights that there are three main factors that determine the effectiveness of a rubric in improving students’ performance: namely, the users’ perception, the design, and the purpose of using rubrics. Rubric designing variables should also be optimized based on reliable data and information about the target educational context. Armed with this information, instructors will be in a better position to optimise the learning experience of their students. Future Research: Systemic literature reviews with data analysis from both qualitative and quantitative findings should be carried out in the future to identify current trends and the role of rubrics in learning.

Topics of spirituality in neonatology – Results from a systematic literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThe prognosis of preterms and ill newborns has improved substantially during the last decades. Besides conventional methods, additional interventions play an important role in this development. Managing parents' needs under the circumstances of intensive care can be a crucial aspect of dealing with this difficult situation. But data on this group has not been systematically evaluated so far.MethodWe performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA criteria. Keywords were neonates, neonatology, newborn, preterm, parents, and spirituality. All study types in English and German were included.ResultsAfter evaluating the abstracts of the initial search results, we considered 33 studies eligible for analysis. Study types are surveys, interviews (qualitative studies), case reports, and reviews. Topics were parents, ethnical differences, medical staff, and palliative care.DiscussionThere is a variety of studies on spirituality in neonatology with a broad spectrum of study types. A meta-analysis is difficult, especially because of the heterogeneity of the study designs, patient numbers and questionnaires used. Although the studies are promising, short-term and long-term outcomes have not been evaluated yet. Interesting endpoints such as the influence on mortality, morbidity and duration of hospital stay cannot be stated. Thus it is too early to derive practical recommendations for the medical staff from these studies.ConclusionAlthough there is a body of data on spirituality in neonatology that addresses several important aspects, even more studies on the impact of parents' needs and the consequences for the medical staff are required.

scholarly journals Investigation assessing the publicly available evidence supporting postmarketing withdrawals, revocations and suspensions of marketing authorisations in the EU since 2012

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e019759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Lane ◽  
Elizabeth Lynn ◽  
Saad Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
Regulatory Actions ◽  
The Eu

ObjectivesTo assess the sources of publicly available evidence supporting withdrawal, revocation or suspension of marketing authorisations (‘regulatory actions’) due to safety reasons in the EU since 2012 and to investigate the time taken since initial marketing authorisation to reach these regulatory decisions.SettingThis investigation examined the sources of evidence supporting 18 identified prescription medicinal products which underwent regulatory action due to safety reasons within the EU in the period 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2016.ResultsEighteen single or combined active substances (‘medicinal products’) withdrawn, revoked or suspended within the EU for safety reasons between 2012 and 2016 met the inclusion criteria. Case reports were most commonly cited, supporting 94.4% of regulatory actions (n=17), followed by randomised controlled trial, meta-analyses, animal and in vitro, ex vivo or in silico study designs, each cited in 72.2% of regulatory actions (n=13). Epidemiological study designs were least commonly cited (n=8, 44.4%). Multiple sources of evidence contributed to 94.4% of regulatory decisions (n=17). Death was the most common adverse drug reaction leading to regulatory action (n=5; 27.8%), with four of these related to medication error or overdose. Median (IQR) time taken to reach a decision from the start of regulatory review was found to be 204.5 days (143, 535 days) and decreased across the study period. Duration of marketing prior to regulatory action, from the medicinal product’s authorisation date, increased across the period 2012–2016.ConclusionsThe sources of evidence supporting pharmacovigilance regulatory activities appear to have changed since implementation of Directive 2010/84/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 1235/2010. This, together with a small improvement in regulatory efficiency, suggests progress towards more rapid regulatory decisions based on more robust evidence. Future research should continue to monitor sources of evidence supporting regulatory decisions and the time taken to reach these decisions over time.

25c-nbome: Case report and literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s874-s875
Author(s):  
M. Preve ◽  
S. Casigliani ◽  
L. Tognola ◽  
R. Traber ◽  
R.A. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionNovel psychoactive drugs (NPS) have rapidly increase in the last years in the drug market as a recreational use. A new group of toxic phenethylamine derivates named NBOMe of 2 C class present have emerged recently, are frequently bought using the internet and have similar effects to other hallucinogenic drugs; however, they may pose larger risks, due to the limited knowledge about them, their relatively low price and availability via the internet. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse of NBOMe compounds. We propose a case report and literature review.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with the principal database (PubMed, Enbase, PsychInfo) and we present a case report.ResultsThe effects of 25C-NBOMe is characterized by hallucination, violent agitation, rhabdomyolysis and kydney injury.Discussion and conclusionEffects from 25C-NBOMe in our case report were similar to previous individual case reports in literature. The clinical features were also similar to effects from other analogues in the class (25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe). In our case, violent agitation (signs of serotonergic stimulation), rhabdomyolysis and kidney injury were observed. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Experiences of women who underwent induced lactation: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Shahirah Mohd Hassan ◽  
Zaharah Sulaiman ◽  
Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Puerperal Lactation ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Objective: This article aims to review the literature published over the past five decades related to the experiences of women who have undergone induced lactation. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed, the Library of Congress, Google Scholar, SAGE, and ScienceDirect. The following search keywords were used: adoptive breastfeeding, induced lactation, non-puerperal lactation, extraordinary breastfeeding, and milk kinship. The search was restricted to articles written in English and published from 1956 to 2019. All study designs were included except for practice protocols. Results: A total of 50 articles about induced lactation were retrieved. Of these, 17 articles identified the experiences of women who underwent induced lactation. The articles included original papers (n=7), reviews (n=5), and case reports (n=5). Four articles were specifically related to Malaysia, and the others were international. These 17 articles concerning the experiences of women who induced lactation will be reviewed based on four themes related to inducing lactation: (a) understanding women’s perception of satisfaction, (b) emotional aspects, (c) enabling factors, and (d) challenges. Conclusion: Identifying a total of only 17 articles on induced lactation published over the last 53 years suggests that the subject is understudied. This review provides emerging knowledge regarding the experiences of women who have induced lactation in terms of satisfaction, emotions, enabling factors and challenges related to inducing lactation.

scholarly journals Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Krause-Utz ◽  
Rachel Frost ◽  
Elianne Chatzaki ◽  
Dorina Winter ◽  
Christian Schmahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this review article is to give an overview over recent experimental neurobiological research on dissociation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in order to inform clinicians and to stimulate further research. First, we introduce basic definitions and models that conceptualize dissociation from a transdiagnostic perspective. Then, we discuss recent findings in BPD. Recent Findings Stress-related dissociation is a key symptom of BPD, closely linked to other core domains of the disorder (emotion dysregulation, identity disturbances, and interpersonal disturbances). The understanding of neurobiological correlates of dissociation across different psychiatric disorders (e.g., dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder) is steadily increasing. At the same time, studies explicitly focusing on dissociation in BPD are still scarce. Summary There is evidence for adverse effects of dissociation on affective-cognitive functioning (e.g., interference inhibition), body perception, and psychotherapeutic treatment response in BPD. On the neural level, increased activity in frontal regions (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus) and temporal areas (e.g., inferior and superior temporal gyrus) during symptom provocation tasks and during resting state was observed, although findings are still diverse and need to be replicated. Conceptual differences and methodological differences in study designs and sample characteristics (e.g., comorbidities, trauma history) hinder a straightforward interpretation and comparison of studies. Given the potentially detrimental impact of dissociation in BPD, more research on the topic is strongly needed to deepen the understanding of this complex clinical condition.

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