scholarly journals COVID-19 mental health prevalence and its risk factors in South East Asia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimala Balakrishnan ◽  
Kee Seong Ng ◽  
Wandeep Kaur ◽  
Zhen Lek Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia

scholarly journals Psychological Autopsy Studies of Suicide in South East Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110336
Author(s):  
S.M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Natarajan Varadharajan ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Case Control Studies

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. However, different psychological autopsy studies have revealed different prevalences at different times and places. Objective: We aimed to see the distribution of psychological autopsy studies and the prevalence of mental disorders among suicides and identify major risk factors in Southeast Asian countries. Method: We scrutinized psychological autopsy studies published in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia (SEA) region countries. We also searched the available bibliographies to identify the studies in the region so that all the possible articles could be included. Results: Out of the 11 countries, 14 psychological autopsy studies were identified in five SEA countries (Bangladesh [1], India [9], Indonesia [1], Nepal [1], and Sri Lanka [2]). Seven studies (50%) used a case-control study design, and eight (57.1%) were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in case-control studies was from 37% to 88%. Stressful life event was identified as a major risk factor in all the case-control studies. Conclusion: Psychological autopsy studies have not been conducted in 6 out of 11 countries of the SEA region. The presence of pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and stressful life events were the two most common risk factors noted across settings, even though there is wide heterogeneity in samples, study design, instruments, and study settings.

scholarly journals Survey of risk factors in coronary heart disease (SURF CHD) II: rationale, methods for a novel recruitment strategy and preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Marza Florensa ◽  
I Vaartjes ◽  
K Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
M Zhao ◽  
MT Cooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Preliminary Results

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): European Association of Preventive Cardiology Introduction SURF CHD (Survey of Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease) is a clinical audit on risk factors and secondary prevention among CHD patients. The first wave of the study showed usefulness of the tool and poor control of risk factors, however the centres were identified by personal contacts. A more formal recruitment strategy was required to increase representativeness in the second wave of the study (SURF CHD II). Purpose: SURF CHD II aims to simplify recording and assessment of risk factor management and medication in CHD patients, while using a novel recruitment strategy that improves representativeness of results and provides a wider picture of secondary prevention of CHD. Methods: The survey is conducted electronically during routine outpatient visits. Data on demographics, risk factors, laboratory and physical measurements and medications is collected and summarized. The novel recruitment strategy is based on the pre-existing network of a renowned association of preventive cardiology, which designates a National Cardiovascular disease Prevention Coordinator (NCPC) for several countries. NCPCs were invited to participate in the clinical audit; selected national cardiac societies were invited to pilot recruitment in countries without a designated NCPC; and clinicians that independently showed interest in SURF were welcome to participate too. The SURF team and interested country representatives held meetings to discuss a tailor-made approach for the implementation of the audit in each country. Results: A total of 48 NCPCs, 11 national cardiac societies and 9 individual contacts were invited to SURF. In 18 meetings with country representatives, enrolment of centres adapting to the countries’ characteristics were discussed. To date, 95 centres in 31 countries have agreed to participate and have enrolled 6145 participants: 88 in Eastern Mediterranean, 4786 in Europe, 108 in the Americas, 1069 in South East Asia and 13 in Western Pacific. 80.11% of the centres are public and 96.73% are located in urban areas. 25.21% of participants were female and mean age was 63.82 ± 18 years. 75.99% of the study population were overweight or obese and 16.6% were smokers. Blood pressure lower than <140/90mmHg was reported in 61.05% of participants, 20.58% had LDL <1.8 mmol/l and 39.58% had  HbA1c < 7%. 27.15% of participants attended cardiac rehabilitation. South East Asia recorded the lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity and LDL levels. Lowest use of statins was recorded in Europe (78.94%), and of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the Americas (14.18%). Conclusions: The recruitment strategy based on the preventive cardiology association’s network is successful. Preliminary results indicate regional variations in risk factors and secondary prevention. SURF will continue to collaborate with NCPCs national cardiac societies to promote the survey and achieve a broader insight on secondary prevention of CHD with a simplified tool.

scholarly journals Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Murphy ◽  
Giri Shan Rajahram ◽  
Jenarun Jilip ◽  
Marilyn Maluda ◽  
Timothy William ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

AbstractIn South East Asia, dengue epidemics have increased in size and geographical distribution in recent years. Most studies investigating dengue transmission and control have had an urban focus, while less consideration is currently given to rural settings, or where urban and rural areas overlap. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of reported dengue cases in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, in Malaysian Borneo – an area where sylvatic and urban circulation of pathogens are known to intersect. We found that annual dengue incidence rates were spatially variable over the 7-year study period from 2010-2016 (state-wide mean annual incidence of 21 cases/100,000 people; range 5-42/100,000), but were highest in rural localities in the western districts of the state (Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Tenom and Kota Marudu). The eastern districts exhibited lower overall dengue rates; however, we noted a concentration of severe (haemorrhagic) dengue cases (44%) in Sandakan and Tawau districts. Dengue incidence was slightly higher for males than females, and was significantly higher for both genders aged between 10 and 29 years (24/100,000; p=0.029). The largest ever recorded outbreaks occurred during 2015-2016, with the vector Aedes albopictus found to be most prevalent in both urban and rural households (House Index of 64%), compared with Ae. Aegypti (15%). These findings suggest that dengue outbreaks in Sabah are driven by the sporadic expansion of dengue virus in both urban and rural settings. This may require tailoring of preventative strategies to suit different transmission ecologies across Sabah. Further studies to better understand the drivers of dengue in Sabah may aid dengue control efforts in Malaysia, and more broadly in South East Asia.Author summaryIn order to combat the rising regional incidence of dengue in South East Asia, the drivers of transmission must be better characterised across different environmental settings. We conducted the first retrospective analysis of dengue epidemiology in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, Malaysia, where both urban and sylvatic transmission cycles exist. Human notification data over a 7-year period were reviewed and spatiotemporal and demographic risk factors identified. We found: Urban habitats and population density are not the only determinants mediating the spread of epidemic dengue in Sabah. Case from both urban and rural localities contributed equally to dengue outbreaks.Human demographic risk factors included being aged between 10 and 29 years, and being male.High incidence areas for dengue do not predict the occurrence of severe dengue. Severe dengue was largely localised to lower incidence districts in the east of the state.The sole presence of Aedes albopictus in and around the majority of urban and rural case households suggests that this vector may play a major role in facilitating outbreaks.A complex interplay of risk factors likely mediates dengue transmission in Sabah, influenced by both regional climate trends and localised human and ecological influences. This study emphasises that the increasing spread of dengue in urban South East Asia is also mirrored in more rural areas, and suggests a need for control strategies that address both urban and rural dengue risk.

scholarly journals A biomarker feasibility study in the South East Asia Community Observatory health and demographic surveillance system

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Partap ◽  
E. H. Young ◽  
P. Allotey ◽  
M. S. Sandhu ◽  
D. D. Reidpath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Biological Sample ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
The South ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hair Samples

AbstractBackgroundIntegration of biomarker data with information on health and lifestyle provides a powerful tool to enhance the scientific value of health research. Existing health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSSs) present an opportunity to create novel biodata resources for this purpose, but data and biological sample collection often presents challenges. We outline some of the challenges in developing these resources and present the outcomes of a biomarker feasibility study embedded within the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) HDSS.MethodsWe assessed study-related records to determine the pace of data collection, response from potential participants, and feedback following data and sample collection. Overall and stratified measures of data and sample availability were summarised. Crude prevalence of key risk factors was examined.ResultsApproximately half (49.5%) of invited individuals consented to participate in this study, for a final sample size of 203 (161 adults and 42 children). Women were more likely to consent to participate compared with men, whereas children, young adults and individuals of Malay ethnicity were less likely to consent compared with older individuals or those of any other ethnicity. At least one biological sample (blood from all participants – finger-prick and venous [for serum, plasma and whole blood samples], hair or urine for adults only) was successfully collected from all participants, with blood test data available from over 90% of individuals. Among adults, urine samples were most commonly collected (97.5%), followed by any blood samples (91.9%) and hair samples (83.2%). Cardiometabolic risk factor burden was high (prevalence of elevated HbA1c among adults: 23.8%; of elevated triglycerides among adults: 38.1%; of elevated total cholesterol among children: 19.5%).ConclusionsIn this study, we show that it is feasible to create biodata resources using existing HDSS frameworks, and identify a potentially high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors that requires further evaluation in this population.

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