Oxygen-mediated growth enhancement of an obligate anaerobic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Hyuk Lee ◽  
Hwan Youn ◽  
Sung Gyun Kang ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Thermococcus Onnurineus Na1 ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic

Morphologic alterations in bacteroides fragilis following single and combinant beta-lactam exposure

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
Michael P. Goheen ◽  
Charles E. Edmiston
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Drug Activity ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Morphologic Changes

The synergistic activity of antimicrobial combinants against aerobic and facultative microorganisms has been well documented. in comparison, few studies have been performed using obligate anaerobic isolates and antimicrobial combinants. For this study clinical strains of Bacteroides fragilis(BF) were selected to investigate both single/combinant drug activity and cellular morphologic changes when BF is exposed to Imipenem (I), Piperacillin (P), Cefpimizole (C), Imipenem/Piperacillin (I+P), and Imipenem/Cefpimizole (I+C).

scholarly journals Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6418) ◽  
pp. eaat9076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Mariana X. Byndloss ◽  
Andreas J. Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Control Switch ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

An imbalance in the colonic microbiota might underlie many human diseases, but the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis remain elusive. Recent insights suggest that colonocyte metabolism functions as a control switch, mediating a shift between homeostatic and dysbiotic communities. During homeostasis, colonocyte metabolism is directed toward oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in high epithelial oxygen consumption. The consequent epithelial hypoxia helps to maintain a microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria, which provide benefit by converting fiber into fermentation products absorbed by the host. Conditions that alter the metabolism of the colonic epithelium increase epithelial oxygenation, thereby driving an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria, a hallmark of dysbiosis in the colon. Enteric pathogens subvert colonocyte metabolism to escape niche protection conferred by the gut microbiota. The reverse strategy, a metabolic reprogramming to restore colonocyte hypoxia, represents a promising new therapeutic approach for rebalancing the colonic microbiota in a broad spectrum of human diseases.

Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Pinyupa Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

Growth responses of seven major co-occurring tree species of the northeastern United States to elevated CO2

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bazzaz ◽  
J. S. Coleman ◽  
S. R. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Harvard Forest ◽  
Paper Birch

We examined how elevated CO2 affected the growth of seven co-occurring tree species: American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr). We also tested whether the degree of shade tolerance of species and the age of seedlings affected plant responses to enhanced CO2 levels. Seedlings that were at least 1 year old, for all species except beech, were removed while dormant from Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Seeds of red maple and paper birch were obtained from parent trees at Harvard Forest, and seeds of American beech were obtained from a population of beeches in Nova Scotia. Seedlings and transplants were grown in one of four plant growth chambers for 60 d (beech, paper birch, red maple, black cherry) or 100 d (white pine, hemlock, sugar maple) under CO2 levels of 400 or 700 μL•L−1. Plants were then harvested for biomass and growth determinations. The results showed that the biomass of beech, paper birch, black cherry, sugar maple, and hemlock significantly increased in elevated CO2, but the biomass of red maple and white pine only marginally increased in these conditions. Furthermore, there were large differences in the magnitude of growth enhancement by increased levels of CO2 between species, so it seems reasonable to predict that one consequence of rising levels of CO2 may be to increase the competitive ability of some species relative to others. Additionally, the three species exhibiting the largest increase in growth with increased CO2 concentrations were the shade-tolerant species (i.e., beech, sugar maple, and hemlock). Thus, elevated CO2 levels may enhance the growth of relatively shade-tolerant forest trees to a greater extent than growth of shade-intolerant trees, at least under the light and nutrient conditions of this experiment. We found no evidence to suggest that the age of tree seedlings greatly affected their response to elevated CO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase and PAP Phosphatase from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (10) ◽  
pp. 3415-3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Yun Jae Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Sung Gyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Thermococcus Onnurineus Na1 ◽  
First Report ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Sulfate Activation ◽  
Pyrococcus Abyssi ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Hypothetical Genes

ABSTRACT Two hypothetical genes were functionally verified to be a pyrophosphatase and a PAP phosphatase in Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. This is the first report of the pyrophosphatases and the PAP phosphatases being organized in the gene clusters of the sulfate activation system only in T. onnurineus NA1 and “Pyrococcus abyssi.”

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

scholarly journals Public-private cooperation and agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of Nigerian growth enhancement scheme and e-voucher program

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Olatunbosun Benjamin ◽  
Oreoluwa Ola ◽  
Hannes Lang ◽  
Gertrud Buchenrieder
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Voucher Program ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Growth Enhancement Scheme and e-voucher program, rolled out across Nigeria in 2011 by the federal government, provided the institutional basis for private agro-dealers to engage in the distribution of subsidized fertilizer, improved seeds and extension services to farmers. However, the impact of this policy on different modes of extension service delivery is still missing in literature. We apply an Ordinary Least Squared and Difference-in-Difference methodology on the (2010 and 2012) Living Standard Measurement Study of the World Bank. The results suggest that extension visitations as well as public extension services positively influence farm revenue. Furthermore, a substantial increase in fertilizer expenditure by farmers was observed, due to the e-voucher program, which could have contributed to the improved agricultural output witnessed in Nigeria post-Growth Enhancement Scheme era. Governments across Sub-Saharan Africa should implement policies that harness the economy of scale and scope of the private sector as well as information and communication technologies in delivering on time and adequate agricultural inputs to farmers.

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