scholarly journals Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stock-Homburg
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Artificial Emotions ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Research Domain

AbstractKnowledge production within the interdisciplinary field of human–robot interaction (HRI) with social robots has accelerated, despite the continued fragmentation of the research domain. Together, these features make it hard to remain at the forefront of research or assess the collective evidence pertaining to specific areas, such as the role of emotions in HRI. This systematic review of state-of-the-art research into humans’ recognition and responses to artificial emotions of social robots during HRI encompasses the years 2000–2020. In accordance with a stimulus–organism–response framework, the review advances robotic psychology by revealing current knowledge about (1) the generation of artificial robotic emotions (stimulus), (2) human recognition of robotic artificial emotions (organism), and (3) human responses to robotic emotions (response), as well as (4) other contingencies that affect emotions as moderators.

scholarly journals A New Perspective on Robot Ethics through Investigating Human–Robot Interactions with Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10136
Author(s):  
Anouk van Maris ◽  
Nancy Zook ◽  
Sanja Dogramadzi ◽  
Matthew Studley ◽  
Alan Winfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Robot Ethics ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Artificial Emotions ◽  
New Perspective

This work explored the use of human–robot interaction research to investigate robot ethics. A longitudinal human–robot interaction study was conducted with self-reported healthy older adults to determine whether expression of artificial emotions by a social robot could result in emotional deception and emotional attachment. The findings from this study have highlighted that currently there appears to be no adequate tools, or the means, to determine the ethical impact and concerns ensuing from long-term interactions between social robots and older adults. This raises the question whether we should continue the fundamental development of social robots if we cannot determine their potential negative impact and whether we should shift our focus to the development of human–robot interaction assessment tools that provide more objective measures of ethical impact.

scholarly journals Social Robots on a Global Stage: Establishing a Role for Culture During Human–Robot Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velvetina Lim ◽  
Maki Rooksby ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Robotic agents designed to assist people across a variety of social and service settings are becoming increasingly prevalent across the world. Here we synthesise two decades of empirical evidence from human–robot interaction (HRI) research to focus on cultural influences on expectations towards and responses to social robots, as well as the utility of robots displaying culturally specific social cues for improving human engagement. Findings suggest complex and intricate relationships between culture and human cognition in the context of HRI. The studies reviewed here transcend the often-studied and prototypical east–west dichotomy of cultures, and explore how people’s perceptions of robots are informed by their national culture as well as their experiences with robots. Many of the findings presented in this review raise intriguing questions concerning future directions for robotics designers and cultural psychologists, in terms of conceptualising and delivering culturally sensitive robots. We point out that such development is currently limited by heterogenous methods and low statistical power, which contribute to a concerning lack of generalisability. We also propose several avenues through which future work may begin to address these shortcomings. In sum, we highlight the critical role of culture in mediating efforts to develop robots aligned with human users’ cultural backgrounds, and argue for further research into the role of culturally-informed robotic development in facilitating human–robot interaction.

scholarly journals Social robots on a global stage: Establishing a role for culture during human-robot interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velvetina Lim ◽  
Maki Rooksby ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Future Work

Robotic agents designed to assist people across a variety of social and service settings are becoming increasingly prevalent across countries and cultures. Here we synthesise two decades of empirical evidence from human-robot interaction (HRI) research, and focus on cultural influences on expectations of and responses to social robots, as well as the utility of robots displaying culturally-specific social cues for improving human engagement. Findings suggest complex and intricate relationships between culture and human cognition in the context of HRI. The studies reviewed here transcend the often-studied and prototypical East-West dichotomy of cultures, and explore how people’s perceptions of robots are informed by their national culture as well as their experiences with robots. While many of the findings presented in this review raise intriguing questions about how robotics designers and cultural psychologists might conceptualise culturally-sensitive robots in the future, we also discuss how methodological discordance and low statistical power contribute to a worrying lack of generalisability, and propose several avenues for future work to begin to correct for these shortcomings. In sum, we highlight the critical role of culture in mediating efforts to develop robots aligned with our cultural backgrounds, and argue for further research into the role of culturally-informed robotic design and programming in facilitating human-robot interaction.

scholarly journals Social Robots for Reducing Mathematics Hiatuses in Primary Education, an Exploratory Field Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Smakman ◽  
◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Eline Lan ◽  
Thomas Fermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
School Standard

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 schools have gone into lockdown and teachers have had to teach pupils online from home. When pupils go back to school, standard, contemporary learning methods do not seem to be enough to reduce incurred hiatuses. Social robots are slowly becoming an integral component of our society and have great potential as educational technology. This study explores how social robots in classrooms can contribute to reducing mathematics-related hiatuses in Dutch primary education (pupils from four till twelve years old). A social robot as a tutor is evaluated by means of a field study with children (n = 43) to compare a class working with the robot, to a class working without the robot. Multiple factors on learning effect are taken into account by using a survey. Our results demonstrate that a robot can take the role of a tutor and practice with pupils. The results are of interest to researchers in the field of human-robot interaction as well as to educational institutes who wish to understand the implications of adopting robots in education.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

scholarly journals Human-Robot Handshaking: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Prasad ◽  
Ruth Stock-Homburg ◽  
Jan Peters
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Verbal Behaviour ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Physical Touch

AbstractFor some years now, the use of social, anthropomorphic robots in various situations has been on the rise. These are robots developed to interact with humans and are equipped with corresponding extremities. They already support human users in various industries, such as retail, gastronomy, hotels, education and healthcare. During such Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios, physical touch plays a central role in the various applications of social robots as interactive non-verbal behaviour is a key factor in making the interaction more natural. Shaking hands is a simple, natural interaction used commonly in many social contexts and is seen as a symbol of greeting, farewell and congratulations. In this paper, we take a look at the existing state of Human-Robot Handshaking research, categorise the works based on their focus areas, draw out the major findings of these areas while analysing their pitfalls. We mainly see that some form of synchronisation exists during the different phases of the interaction. In addition to this, we also find that additional factors like gaze, voice facial expressions etc. can affect the perception of a robotic handshake and that internal factors like personality and mood can affect the way in which handshaking behaviours are executed by humans. Based on the findings and insights, we finally discuss possible ways forward for research on such physically interactive behaviours.

scholarly journals Enactivism and Robotic Language Acquisition: A Report from the Frontier

Philosophies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Förster
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Architecture And Design

In this article, I assess an existing language acquisition architecture, which was deployed in linguistically unconstrained human–robot interaction, together with experimental design decisions with regard to their enactivist credentials. Despite initial scepticism with respect to enactivism’s applicability to the social domain, the introduction of the notion of participatory sense-making in the more recent enactive literature extends the framework’s reach to encompass this domain. With some exceptions, both our architecture and form of experimentation appear to be largely compatible with enactivist tenets. I analyse the architecture and design decisions along the five enactivist core themes of autonomy, embodiment, emergence, sense-making, and experience, and discuss the role of affect due to its central role within our acquisition experiments. In conclusion, I join some enactivists in demanding that interaction is taken seriously as an irreducible and independent subject of scientific investigation, and go further by hypothesising its potential value to machine learning.

Affective Goal and Task Selection for Social Robots

2009 ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Scheutz ◽  
Paul Schermerhorn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Task Selection ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of

Effective decision-making under real-world conditions can be very difficult as purely rational methods of decision-making are often not feasible or applicable. Psychologists have long hypothesized that humans are able to cope with time and resource limitations by employing affective evaluations rather than rational ones. In this chapter, we present the distributed integrated affect cognition and reflection architecture DIARC for social robots intended for natural human-robot interaction and demonstrate the utility of its human-inspired affect mechanisms for the selection of tasks and goals. Specifically, we show that DIARC incorporates affect mechanisms throughout the architecture, which are based on “evaluation signals” generated in each architectural component to obtain quick and efficient estimates of the state of the component, and illustrate the operation and utility of these mechanisms with examples from human-robot interaction experiments.

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