Prevalence of Self-Care and Ambulatory Disability in Baby Boom and Generation-X Birth-Cohorts by Intersectional Markers of Social Stratification

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Siordia
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Birth Cohorts

GENERATIONAL CHANGES IN RACIAL INEQUALITY IN OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT, 1950–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Generation X ◽  
White Women ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
Blacks And Whites

AbstractThis paper analyzes age and cohort changes in the occupational attainment of Blacks and Whites born in successive decades from 1910 to 1979. Occupational attainment is operationalized as “occupational returns to education” and “earnings returns to occupation.” The primary objective is to determine whether the relative occupational attainment of Blacks of the baby-boom generation and Generation X improved over that of their great-grandparents, grandparents, and parents. The results indicate that Blacks and Whites, and men and women improved their occupational attainment levels over those of previous birth cohorts. However, neither Black men of the baby-boom generation nor those of Generation X improved their occupational attainment relative to White men of the same age and born in the same decade. Moreover, on a per capita basis, Black men’s occupational status declined for the most recent birth cohorts due in large part to joblessness starting with members of the 1940 birth cohort, which increased progressively with each successive birth cohort. On the other hand, Black women seem to have improved their occupational status relative to White women, but the improvements fluctuated over the decades. These findings are discussed in relation to possible causes and limitations of this analysis.

scholarly journals Patterns of opioid use (codeine, morphine or meperidine) in the Canadian population over time: analysis of the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029613
Author(s):  
Mayilee Canizares ◽  
J Denise Power ◽  
Y Raja Rampersaud ◽  
Elizabeth M Badley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
National Population Health Survey ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
World War ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate cohort effects in selected opioids use and determine whether cohort differences were associated with changes in risk factors for use over time.DesignThis study presents secondary analyses of a longitudinal survey panel of the general population that collected data biannually.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011.PopulationThis study included 12 542 participants from the following birth cohorts: post-World War I (born 1915–1924), pre-World War II (born 1925–1934), World War II (born 1935–1944), Older Baby Boom (born 1945–1954), Younger Baby Boom (born 1955–1964), Older Generation X (born 1965–1974) and Younger Generation X (born 1975–1984).Main outcomeResponses to a single question asking about the use of codeine, morphine or meperidine in the past month (yes/no) were examined.ResultsOver and above age and period effects, there were significant cohort differences in selected opioids use: each succeeding recent cohort had greater use than their predecessors (eg, Gen Xers had greater use than younger baby boomers). Selected opioids use increased significantly from 1994 to 2002, plateauing between 2002 and 2006 and then declining until 2011. After accounting for cohort and period effects, there was a decline in use of these opioids with increasing age. Although pain was significantly associated with greater selected opioids use (OR=3.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 3.94), pain did not explain cohort differences. Cohort and period effects were no longer significant after adjusting for the number of chronic conditions. Cohort differences in selected opioids use mirrored cohort differences in multimorbidity. Use of these opioids was significantly associated with taking antidepressants or tranquillisers (OR=2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.81 and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.75, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings underscore the need to consider multimorbidity including possible psychological disorders and associated medications when prescribing opioids (codeine, morphine, meperidine), particularly for recent birth cohorts. Continued efforts to monitor prescription patterns and develop specific opioid use guidelines for multimorbidity appear warranted.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN ASSESSING SELLERS' BEHAVIOUR BY THE CUSTOMERS OF BABY BOOM, X, Y AND Z GENERATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kovaľová ◽  
Zuzana Birknerová ◽  
Miroslav Frankovský ◽  
Eva Benková
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Main Factor

The role of sellers is changing in a turbulent business environment and only the sellers who provide first class services and approach to them in a responsible way can survive among competitors. Customers perceive it as an added value and have a good feeling from buying. It is just sellers who are becoming the main factor that contributes to the competitiveness of a whole organization. The segmentation of customers into individual generations enables us to better understand their preferences and requirements, it is then possible to predict their tendencies in buying behaviour and thus increasing the success of sales. The main aim of the paper is to present the issue of different assessment of sellers’ behaviour by the customers of the Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y and Generation Z. In connection with these differences, the aim of the research is to identify generational differences in the assessment of manipulative, assertive, stressed and engaged behaviour of sellers, as well as to analyse the determinants that affect the buying behaviour of customers. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method and mathematical-statistical methods on a sample of 207 respondents. The research results confirm the existence of statistically significant differences in assessing the determinants of sellers’ behaviour from the perspective of individual customer generations.

scholarly journals Determinants of Influenza Mortality Trends: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Influenza Mortality in the United States, 1959–2016

Demography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Acosta ◽  
Stacey A. Hallman ◽  
Lisa Y. Dillon ◽  
Nadine Ouellette ◽  
Robert Bourbeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Early Life Exposure

Abstract This study examines the roles of age, period, and cohort in influenza mortality trends over the years 1959–2016 in the United States. First, we use Lexis surfaces based on Serfling models to highlight influenza mortality patterns as well as to identify lingering effects of early-life exposure to specific influenza virus subtypes (e.g., H1N1, H3N2). Second, we use age-period-cohort (APC) methods to explore APC linear trends and identify changes in the slope of these trends (contrasts). Our analyses reveal a series of breakpoints where the magnitude and direction of birth cohort trends significantly change, mostly corresponding to years in which important antigenic drifts or shifts took place (i.e., 1947, 1957, 1968, and 1978). Whereas child, youth, and adult influenza mortality appear to be influenced by a combination of cohort- and period-specific factors, reflecting the interaction between the antigenic experience of the population and the evolution of the influenza virus itself, mortality patterns of the elderly appear to be molded by broader cohort factors. The latter would reflect the processes of physiological capital improvement in successive birth cohorts through secular changes in early-life conditions. Antigenic imprinting, cohort morbidity phenotype, and other mechanisms that can generate the observed cohort effects, including the baby boom, are discussed.

The Perceived Work Ethic of K-12 Teachers by Generational Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Teacher Shortage ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Older Teachers ◽  
K 12

This was an investigation of the work ethic of K-12 educators from Generation X and Baby Boomer generations. Teachers of the baby boom generation were born between 1946 and 1964, and many are beginning to retire. There is an impending teacher shortage due to the large numbers of this group retiring or leaving the profession. School administrators and public school human resource specialists are beginning to focus on strategies to replace this experienced workforce. Administrators need to know if this group has different work ethic than later groups of teachers. In this study, Generation X teachers scored higher on the subscales of Easy Going, Dependable, and Committed. While Baby Boomers and Generation X teacher about the same on Dependable, Baby Boomers are more “engaged”. Though these differences in the subscales were not significant, The overall MANOVA for the comparison of work ethic as measured by the Occupational Work Ethic Inventory was significant at the p<.05 level. Many older teachers complain about the newer younger generation of teachers and their so-called “lack of a work ethic”. Unfortunately, there were not enough data to study teachers from the latest, millennial generation however, this study points to data that indicate there is more to this difference in perception that originally thought that could affect hiring and training of new generations of teachers.

The World Is Going to Hell, the Young No Longer Respect Their Elders, and Other Tricks of the Mind

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-371
Author(s):  
Piers Steel ◽  
John Kammeyer-Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Ingroup Outgroup

The notion of a “Millennial” generation, much like a “Generation X” or the “Baby Boom” generation, with a strong coherence in terms of values and norms that differ from previous cohorts, has been of dependable interest in the popular press. However, given what we know regarding the proportion of trait expression due to sources largely immune to cohort effects (e.g., large genetic contributions), how difficult it is for us to systematically influence their expression (e.g., small long-term parental effects), and the massive variation within groups, the meta-analytic work of Costanza, Fraser, Badger, Severt, and Gade (2012) underscores what should already be known from first principles; generation or cohorts are inevitably a poor predictor of anything. The literature on ingroup/outgroup bias (Hogg & Abrams, 1990), stereotype formation (Mackie, Hamilton, Susskind, & Rosselli, 1996), and reconstructive memory issues (Schacter, 1999) provides ample underlying evidence for how these generational overgeneralizations form.

High Levels of Political Socialization of the Three Generations

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BONNIE HAMILTON D. RABACA ◽  
SAIDAMIN P. BAGOLONG
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Cynicism ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Descriptive Method

The political socialization of today’s generation lies on how they participate in political efficacy and political cynicism. People’s involvement in state’s activities will result to disparagement of others. This study tries to determine the levels of political socialization of the three generations, the Baby Boom, the Generation X and the Generation Y. It used descriptive method, with Mean and Analysis of Variance as statistical tools. Three hundred respondents were asked on their responses on the indicators using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings showed that the Generation X observed high levels of political efficacy and political cynicism as regards to political and social issues, political interest, opinions of people including the government’s thought on new laws passed. However, people tend to be discouraged in political activities because of politician’s insincerity which resulted to decadence. Thus, the political socialization of the three generations somehow went beyond understanding politics but also can cause crucial and serious conflict.Keywords: Political socialization, baby boom, generation X and generation Y, descriptive method, Davao City, Philippines

scholarly journals Wealth inequality among New Zealand’s Generation X

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chapple ◽  
Sean Hogan ◽  
Barry Milne ◽  
Richie Poulton ◽  
Sandhya Ramrakha
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
School Students ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Deteriorating Job

Generation X, denoting the post-baby boom generation, is a term typically used to describe those born between the mid-1960s and early 1980s. The well-known Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study cohort, born in 1972/73, are therefore near the middle of Generation X. The Dunedin cohort was born in fairly stable social circumstances. As children they experienced the social changes of 1970s New Zealand – the rise of sole-parent families, a deteriorating job market and a stagnating economy. They went through the economic reforms of the 1980s as high school students, and attended university or entered the labour market during the recession of 1989–92. They were faced with user pays in the higher education system, first through full fees and then student loans. They face the prospect of being more reliant on their own resources for providing for their living standards during their retirement than previous generations. 

scholarly journals Motivating And Managing Generation X And Y On The Job While Preparing For Z: A Market Oriented Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Montana ◽  
Francis Petit
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Executive Mba ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Recent Graduates

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This article examines the factors that have motivated Generation X and Y over time and the emerging attributes that will be impacting Generation Z.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>More specifically, two hundred recent graduates and Executive MBA students (Generation X) as well as undergraduates (Generation Y) at Fordham University Schools of Business were surveyed recently and were asked to rank six (out of twenty five) factors they consider most important in motivating them to do their best work on the job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>When comparing Generation X and Generation Y, the results are very similar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Both groups rank Respect for me as a person and Good Pay to be their top motivators.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>While both groups have similar motivators in their top six including Chance for promotion, Opportunity to do interesting work and Opportunity for self-development and improvement, Generation Y differs greatly as Getting along well<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>with others on the job ranked third in their top six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This factor is considered a &ldquo;hybrid factor&rdquo; that crosses motivation and maintenance needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>While this &ldquo;hybrid factor&rdquo; does not appear as an important motivator among the Baby Boom generation, it is projected that Getting along well with others on the job will be a critical factor especially among Generation Z for a variety of reasons predominately their technical background.</span></span></p>

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