scholarly journals Sigma-Lognormal Modeling of Speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carmona-Duarte ◽  
M. A. Ferrer ◽  
R. Plamondon ◽  
A. Gómez-Rodellar ◽  
P. Gómez-Vilda
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lognormal Model ◽  
Inverse Approach ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
The One ◽  
Speech Kinematics ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Timit Database

AbstractHuman movement studies and analyses have been fundamental in many scientific domains, ranging from neuroscience to education, pattern recognition to robotics, health care to sports, and beyond. Previous speech motor models were proposed to understand how speech movement is produced and how the resulting speech varies when some parameters are changed. However, the inverse approach, in which the muscular response parameters and the subject’s age are derived from real continuous speech, is not possible with such models. Instead, in the handwriting field, the kinematic theory of rapid human movements and its associated Sigma-lognormal model have been applied successfully to obtain the muscular response parameters. This work presents a speech kinematics-based model that can be used to study, analyze, and reconstruct complex speech kinematics in a simplified manner. A method based on the kinematic theory of rapid human movements and its associated Sigma-lognormal model are applied to describe and to parameterize the asymptotic impulse response of the neuromuscular networks involved in speech as a response to a neuromotor command. The method used to carry out transformations from formants to a movement observation is also presented. Experiments carried out with the (English) VTR-TIMIT database and the (German) Saarbrucken Voice Database, including people of different ages, with and without laryngeal pathologies, corroborate the link between the extracted parameters and aging, on the one hand, and the proportion between the first and second formants required in applying the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, on the other. The results should drive innovative developments in the modeling and understanding of speech kinematics.

Speed/accuracy trade-offs in target-directed movements

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réjean Plamondon ◽  
Adel M. Alimi
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Kinematic Properties

This target article presents a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid-aimed movements. It highlights the numerous mathematical and theoretical interpretations that have been proposed in recent decades. Although the variety of points of view reflects the richness of the field and the high degree of interest that such basic phenomena attract in the understanding of human movements, it calls into question the ability of many models to explain the basic observations consistently reported in the field. This target article summarizes the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, proposed recently by R. Plamondon (1993b; 1993c; 1995a; 1995b), and analyzes its predictions in the context of speed/accuracy trade-offs. Data from human movement literature are reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of the new theory. It is shown that the various aspects of speed/ accuracy trade-offs can be taken into account by considering the asymptotic behavior of a large number of coupled linear systems, from which a delta-lognormal law can be derived to describe the velocity profile of an end-effector driven by a neuromuscular synergy. This law not only describes velocity profiles almost perfectly, it also predicts the kinematic properties of simple rapid movements and provides a consistent framework for the analysis of different types of speed/accuracy trade-offs using a quadratic (or power) law that emerges from the model.

DETERMINISTIC AND EVOLUTIONARY EXTRACTION OF DELTA-LOGNORMAL PARAMETERS: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSSA DJIOUA ◽  
RÉJEAN PLAMONDON ◽  
ANTONIO DELLA CIOPPA ◽  
ANGELO MARCELLI
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Noisy Conditions

A theory, called the Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movement, was proposed a few years ago to analyze rapid human movements, called the Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movements, based on a delta-lognormal equation that globally describes the basic properties of the velocity profiles of an end-effector using seven parameters. This realistic model has been very useful for proposing original solutions to various pattern recognition problems (signature segmentation and verification, handwriting analysis and synthesis, etc.). Most of these applications rely on the use of an efficient algorithm to extract the delta-lognormal parameters from real data with the best possible fit. In this paper, we compare two such algorithms: a deterministic one, based on nonlinear regression, and a Breeder Genetic algorithm. The performance of these two algorithms and of their combinations are compared using the same artificial database, composed of analytical delta-lognormal profiles and their noisy versions (20 dB SNR). In the free-noise case, the analysis of the experimental results shows that the deterministic approach leads to better results than the evolutionary one, while under the extremely noisy conditions selected, the evolutionary approach seems to be less sensitive to noise, but is nevertheless less successful than the deterministic search.

THE GENERATION OF VELOCITY PROFILES WITH AN ARTIFICIAL SIMULATOR

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1207-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSSA DJIOUA ◽  
RÉJEAN PLAMONDON
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Signature Verification ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

A few years ago, a Kinematic Theory was proposed to analyze rapid human movements. The theory is based on a delta-lognormal equation which can be used to globally describe the basic properties of velocity profiles using seven parameters. This realistic model has been of great use to solve pattern recognition problems (signature verification, handwriting analysis and segmentation, etc.). To go further in that direction, a better understanding of the model is a prerequisite. This can be either in the context of psychophysical studies involving human subjects or in the context of computer simulations. In this paper, we use the same model form to develop a simulator that generates human-like velocity profiles. A basic subsystem model is both proposed and constructed with a Simulink Matlab tool; then many of these are connected to create an artificial neuromuscular network. Combining two networks in parallel, one agonist and the other antagonist, a synergy simulator is constructed. The similarity of the velocity patterns produced by the simulator is analyzed using a delta-lognormal parameter extractor. It is shown that the parameters extracted from artificially generated profiles vary in the same intervals as those of experimental profiles produced by human subjects. In future works the simulator tool will be used to study the control of rapid human movements.

scholarly journals Kriteria Green Infrastructure dalam Penentuan Luas Stasiun Kereta Api (Hal. 22-32)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nadia Ulfah ◽  
Sofyan Triana
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Building Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Wide Awake

ABSTRAKPembangunan infrastruktur adalah salah satu penyebab kerusakan lingkungan saat ini. Salah satu infrastruktur yang mendukung moda transportasi kereta api adalah bangunan stasiun. Agar membangun suatu stasiun yang tidak merusak lingkungan dan memberikan ruang gerak yang nyaman kepada pengguna maka dilakukan analisis mengenai luas kebutuhan lahan menurut peraturan yang berlaku sesuai dengan salah satu kriteria bangunan hijau yaitu harus memenuhi Koefisien Dasar Bangunan (KDB) dan kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). Data sekunder dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan luas berdasarkan ruang gerak manusia dan standar stasiun. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh luas stasiun sebesar 2.685,5 m2 yang merupakan KDB 60% sedangkan untuk luas RTH 40% sebesar 1.790,3  m2 sehingga diperoleh luas lahan stasiun sebesar 4.475,8 m2. Pada peraturan yang berlaku mengenai bangunan stasiun hanya membahas KDB atau luas terbangun dan tidak membahas mengenai kebutuhan RTH maka dapat diusulkan perhitungan baru untuk merancang stasiun ramah lingkungan yang membahas luas KDB dan RTH sehingga didapat luas tanah keseluruhan.Kata kunci: green infrastructure, stasiun, luas bangunan, ruang gerak manusia, Koefisien Dasar Bangunan (KDB), Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). ABSTRACTInfrastructure development is one of the causes of current enviromental damage. One of the infastructure supporting the train transportation capital is station building. Build a station will not be damaging the environment and giving comfortable space if it has been done analysis about wide of land environment according to the prevailling regulations in accordance with the one of the criteria of green building that fulfills Coefficient of Bulding Base (KDB) and Green Open Space (RTH). The secondary data is needed in wide calculation based on space for human movement and station standard. The calculation results obtained area of the station is 2.685,5 m2 that is KDB 60% while the area of RTH 40% is 1.790,3 m2 so that obtained area of station land 4.475,8 m2. In the applicable regulations about station building only discuss KDB or wide awake not RTH needs. So it can be proposed the new calculation to design the environmentally friendly station that discusses area of KDB and RTH so obtained the total land area.Keywords: green infrastrucutre, station, building area, human movements space, Coefficient of Building Base (KDB), Green Open Spaces (RTH).

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

Tolerance is theoretical and practical principles

1996 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Babiy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Political ideological pluralism, religious diversity are characteristic features of modern Ukrainian society. On the one hand, multiculturalism, socio-political, religious differentiation of the latter appear as important characteristics of its democracy, as a practical expression of freedom, on the other - as a factor that led to the deconsocialization of society, gave rise to "nodal points" of tension, confrontational processes, in particular, in political and religious spheres.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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