Additive manufacturing of polyether ether ketone-based composites for space application: a mini-review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
M. Ferrara ◽  
L. Pigliaru ◽  
C. Allegranza ◽  
F. Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

scholarly journals Tribological Characterization of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Polymers Produced by Additive Manufacturing for Hydrodynamic Bearing Application

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Davide Massocchi ◽  
Giacomo Riboni ◽  
Nora Lecis ◽  
Steven Chatterton ◽  
Paolo Pennacchi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Hydrodynamic Bearing ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Tribological Characterization

The coating materials commonly used in hydrodynamic bearings are the so-called “Babbitt metals” or “white metals”, as defined by ASTM B23-00. Their low Young’s modulus and yield point have encouraged researchers to find new coatings to overcome these limitations. In this paper, the friction and wear of PEEK are studied in a dry sliding environment (without lubrication) using a ball-on-disk tribometer and compared to those of Babbitt metal. Furthermore, the bond strength tests between PEEK and metals/alloys are evaluated. PEEK polymer samples were obtained from cylindrical rods, manufactured by an innovative process for polymer bonding on bearing surfaces, using additive manufacturing technology. The morphologies of the degraded surfaces were examined using a high-resolution metallurgical optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The coefficients of friction (CoF) were obtained under the alternating ball-on-disk dry tribometer. The results of the experimental activity show that PEEK polymers have CoFs of about 0.22 and 0.16 under the 1 and 5 N applied load, respectively. The CoF and wear volume loss results are reported and compared to the reference Babbitt coating.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) for Space Applications: A Nanosat Polymeric Structure

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Marianna Rinaldi ◽  
Federico Cecchini ◽  
Lucia Pigliaru ◽  
Tommaso Ghidini ◽  
Francesco Lumaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Polymeric Structure ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ether Ketone

Recent improvements in additive layer manufacturing (ALM) have provided new designs of geometrically complex structures with lighter materials and low processing costs. The use of additive manufacturing in spacecraft production is opening up many new possibilities in both design and fabrication, allowing for the reduction of the weight of the structure subsystems. In this aim, polymeric ALM structures can become a choice, in terms of lightweight and demisability, as far as good thermomechanical properties. Moreover, provided that fused-deposition modeling (FDM) is used, nanosats and other structures could be easily produced in space. However, the choice of the material is a crucial step of the process, as the final performance of the printed parts is strongly dependent on three pillars: design, material, and printing process. As a high-performance technopolymer, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been adopted to fabricate parts via ALM; however, the space compatibility of 3D-printed parts remains not demonstrated. This work aimed to realize a nanosat polymeric structure via FDM, including all the phases of the development process: thermomechanical design, raw material selection, printing process tuning, and manufacturing of a proof of concept of a technological model. The design phase includes the application of topology optimization to maximize mass saving and take full advantage of the ALM capability. 3D-printed parts were characterized via thermomechanical tests, outgassing tests of 3D-printed parts are reported confirming the outstanding performance of polyether ether ketone and its potential as a material for structural space application.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of polyether ether ketone – PEEK parts with surface roughness modification by a laser beam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Marcin KROLIKOWSKI ◽  
Damian PRZESTACKI ◽  
Tadeusz CHWALCZUK ◽  
Ewa SOBOLEWSKA ◽  
Malgorzata TOMASIK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for the Acoustic Communication between Medical Implants

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Jorge Oevermann ◽  
Peter Weber ◽  
Steffen H. Tretbar
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Ether Ketone

The aim of this work was to extend conventional medical implants by the possibility of communication between them. For reasons of data security and transmitting distances, this communication should be realized using ultrasound, which is generated and detected by capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). These offer the advantage of an inherent high bandwidth and a high integration capability. To protect the surrounding tissue, it has to be encapsulated. In contrast to previous results of other research groups dealing with the encapsulation of CMUTs, the goal here is to integrate the CMUT into the housing of a medical implant. In this work, CMUTs were designed and fabricated for a center frequency of 2 MHz in water and experimentally tested on their characteristics for operation behind layers of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and titanium, two typical materials for the housings of medical implants. It could be shown that with silicone as a coupling layer it is possible to operate a CMUT behind the housing of an implant. Although it changes the characteristics of the CMUT, the setup is found to be well suited for communication between two transducers over a distance of at least 8 cm.

scholarly journals Interfacial Fracture Toughness Comparison of Three Indirect Resin Composites to Dentin and Polyether Ether Ketone Polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Rayhaneh Khalesi ◽  
Mahdi Abbasi ◽  
Zahra Shahidi ◽  
Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei ◽  
Zohreh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

Abstract Objectives Advances in laboratory composites and their high wear resistance and fracture toughness have resulted in their growing popularity and increasing use for dental restorations. This study sought to assess the fracture toughness of three indirect composites bonded to dental substrate and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was conducted on two groups of dental and polymer substrates. Each substrate was bonded to three indirect composite resins. Sixty blocks (3 × 3 × 12 mm) were made of sound bovine anterior teeth and PEEK polymer. Sixty blocks (3 × 3 × 12 mm) were fabricated of CRIOS (Coltene, Germany), high impact polymer composite (HIPC; Bredent, Germany), and GRADIA (Indirect; GC, Japan) composite resins. Composites were bonded to dentin using Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray, Japan). For bonding to PEEK, Combo.lign (Bredent) and Visio.Link (Bredent) luting cements were used. In all samples, a single-edge notch was created by a no. 11 surgical blade at the interface. The samples were subjected to 3,500 thermal cycles, and their fracture toughness was measured in a universal testing machine (Zwick/Roell, Germany) by application of four-point flexural load. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis. Results The fracture toughness of CRIOS–PEEK interface was significantly higher than HIPC–PEEK. The fracture toughness of GRADIA–PEEK was not significantly different from that of HIPC and CRIOS. The fracture toughness of GRADIA–dentin was significantly higher than HIPC–dentin. Conclusion Considering the limitations of this study, GRADIA has the highest bond strength to dentin, while CRIOS shows the highest bond strength to PEEK.

scholarly journals Adhesion Behaviour of Primary Human Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts on Polyether Ether Ketone Compared with Titanium under In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Incubation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korbinian Benz ◽  
Andreas Schöbel ◽  
Marisa Dietz ◽  
Peter Maurer ◽  
Jochen Jackowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Primary Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Ether Ketone

The aim of this in vitro pilot study was to analyse the adhesion behaviour of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) when compared with titanium surfaces in an inflammatory environment under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of primary human osteoblasts/fibroblasts on titanium/PEEK samples were created. The gene expression of the LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the LPS receptor (toll-like receptor 4; TLR4) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunocytochemistry was used to obtain evidence for the distribution of LBP/TLR4 at the protein level of the extra-cellular-matrix-binding protein vinculin and the actin cytoskeleton. SEM images revealed that the osteoblasts and fibroblasts on the PEEK surfaces had adhesion characteristics comparable to those of titanium. The osteoblasts contracted under LPS incubation and a significantly increased LBP gene expression were detected. This was discernible at the protein level on all the materials. Whereas no increase of TLR4 was detected with regard to mRNA concentrations, a considerable increase in the antibody reaction was detected on all the materials. As is the case with titanium, the colonisation of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on PEEK samples is possible under pro-inflammatory environmental conditions and the cellular inflammation behaviour towards PEEK is lower than that of titanium.

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