scholarly journals Endochondral bone growth, bone calcium accretion, and bone mineral density: how are they related?

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannikar Wongdee ◽  
Nateetip Krishnamra ◽  
Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Bone Calcium

Effects of dihydrotestosterone alone and combined with estrogen on bone mineral density, bone growth, and formation rates in ovariectomized rats

Bone ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Coxam ◽  
B.M. Bowman ◽  
M. Mecham ◽  
C.M. Roth ◽  
M.A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density and Jumping Height in Pre-Menarcheal and Post-Menarcheal Physically Active Girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Gruodytė ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Research background and hypothesis. Jumping ability correlates well with different bone values. The skeletal benefits of high-impact weight-bearing exercise have been shown to be greater when training is started prior to menarche. We hypothesized that significant differences would be apparent in the relationships between bone values and jumping height in favor of the girls’ prior menarche compared to post-menarcheal group. Research aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between jumping height and bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal physically active girls. Research  methods.  In  total,  113  adolescent  girls  from  different  competitive  extramural  athletic  programs participated in this study. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured. The heights of vertical jumps (i. e. countermovement jump (CMJ) and rebound jumps for 15 (RJ  15 s) and 30 (RJ  30 s) seconds) were obtained.Research results. After adjusting for major confounders (i. e. age, height, and body mass), the height of rebound jumps correlated only with femoral neck BMD and only in pre-menarcheal group (r = 0.37–0.46; p < 0.05). No correlations were found between BMD variables and jumping height in post-menarcheal girls. The height of CMJ did not correlate with measured BMD variables in the studied groups.Discussion and conclusions. Early puberty is an opportune period to increase bone adaptation to mechanical loading due to the velocity of bone growth and endocrine changes at this time. We suggest that powerful repetitive vertical jumping may be more beneficial to bone health compared to single jumping activities in physically active girls prior to menarche rather than after it.Keywords: bone health, vertical jumps, puberty.

Adverse effects of strenuous exercise: a densitometric and histomorphometric study in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1999-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bourrin ◽  
C. Genty ◽  
S. Palle ◽  
C. Gharib ◽  
C. Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Tibia Length

To investigate the manner in which cancellous bone in different skeletal sites and within a bone site adapts to strenuous training, 5-wk-old male rats were subjected to intensive treadmill running [80% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max)] for 11 wk. VO2max, tibia length, and bone mineral density were measured. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in the epiphysis, primary spongiosa (1 zero sp) and secondary spongiosa (2 zero sp) of the contralateral proximal tibia, and the 2 zero sp of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. VO2max was increased by 39%. No changes were observed in vertebrae. Tibia length, 1 zero sp bone volume, and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased, indicating a retarded longitudinal bone growth. Bone mineral density in the proximal tibia was significantly decreased. In the epiphysis, a trabecular thinning and an increase of trabecular number were shown. In the 2 zero sp, bone volume and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased. The increased total eroded surfaces could indicate an early but transient increase in bone resorption activity. Osteoid thickness was reduced, whereas osteoclast number and osteoid surfaces were unchanged, suggesting that the observed bone loss was mostly due to an impaired osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, 1) strenuous training in young rats reduces longitudinal bone growth and induces bone loss, 2) the cancellous bone adaptation is site specific, and 3) the bone loss is mainly due to decreased osteoblastic activity rather than a global adaptation of bone remodeling.

scholarly journals Serum phospholipid fatty acid pattern is associated with bone mineral density in children, but not adults, with cystic fibrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Gronowitz ◽  
D Mellström ◽  
B Strandvik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Status

Essential fatty acids (EFA) have proved to be important for normal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone growth in animal studies. Patients with cystic fibrosis often have low serum EFA levels, and low BMD has also been reported in patients with normal anthropometry. The aim of the present study was to analyse if BMD during a 2-year period was related to fatty acid status in patients with cystic fibrosis. Fifty-four patients, aged 6–33 years, were studied prospectively. BMD was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry, and fatty acid concentrations in serum phospholipids were determined with capillary GLC. The cystic fibrosis patients showed low linoleic acid concentration and a high arachidonic acid (AA):DHA ratio in serum. The high eicosatrienoic acid:AA ratio, an indicator of EFA deficiency, increased further over 2 years, as did the total concentration of saturated fatty acids. In the adults there were no significant changes in fatty acids during the study. In the children, positive correlations were found between palmitic acid and bone mineral content in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The lumbar spine BMDZscore correlated negatively with the AA:DHA ratio. No correlation was seen in adults except for a positive correlation between EFA deficiency index and the areas of lumbar spine and femoral neck. The present results imply that fatty-acid status influenced BMD in cystic fibrosis children, but not in adults, indicating that fatty-acid status wouldbe important for bone growth.

Effect of human milk formula with bovine colostrum supplementation on bone mineral density in infant cynomolgus macaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
N. Tay ◽  
Y. C. Tan ◽  
K. Chng ◽  
C. Libedinsky ◽  
P. Gluckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a regulator of human growth during infancy and childhood, known to promote bone and muscle growth as well as lipid accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of formula milk with or without IGF1 supplementation (in the form of pure IGF1 or bovine colostrum) on growth and body composition in infant cynomolgus macaques during the first 6 months of life. Three groups of infants were nursery-reared and received formula milk with or without IGF1 or bovine colostrum supplementation for 4 months, and a fourth group consisting of breast-fed infants was included for comparison (n=6 for each group). Ranked-based analysis of covariance was used to detect differences between adjusted means for sex. No differences in weight, height, fat mass, and fat-free mass could be detected between groups. However, bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly different between groups at the end of formula feeding. Infants that received bovine colostrum supplementation displayed higher mean BMD than infants of all other groups, with no differences between the latter three groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that supplementation with bovine colostrum can enhance BMD in formula-fed infants, an effect that apparently does not depend on IGF1. Bovine colostrum supplementation could be beneficial for long-term bone health in infants with suboptimal bone growth.

scholarly journals Genome Wide Association Metanalysis Of Skull Bone Mineral Density Identifies Loci Relevant For Osteoporosis And Craniosynostosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Medina-Gomez ◽  
Benjamin H. Mullin ◽  
Alessandra Chesi ◽  
Vid Prijatelj ◽  
John P. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Genome Wide

Skull bone mineral density (SK-BMD) provides a suitable trait for the discovery of genes important to bone biology in general, and particularly for identifying components unique to intramembranous ossification, which cannot be captured at other skeletal sites. We assessed genetic determinants of SK-BMD in 43,800 individuals, identifying 59 genome-wide significant loci (4 novel), explaining 12.5% of its variance. Pathway and enrichment analyses of the association signals resulted in clustering within gene-sets involved in regulating the development of the skeleton; overexpressed in the musculoskeletal system; and enriched in enhancer and transcribed regions in osteoblasts. From the four novel loci (mapping to ZIC1, PRKAR1A, ATP6V1C1, GLRX3), two (ZIC1 and PRKAR1A) have previously been related to craniofacial developmental defects. Functional validation of skull development in zebrafish revealed abnormal cranial bone initiation that culminated in ectopic sutures and reduced BMD in mutated zic1 and atp6v1c1 fish and asymmetric bone growth and elevated BMD in mutated prkar1a fish. We confirmed a role of ZIC1 loss-of-function in suture patterning and discovered ATP6V1C1 gene associated with suture development. In light of the evidence presented suggesting that SK-BMD is genetically related to craniofacial abnormalities, our study opens new avenues to the understanding of the pathophysiology of craniofacial defects and towards the effective pharmacological treatment of bone diseases.

Quantification Study on Bone Growth and Remodeling Adaptation Model Based on Experiment of Rapid-Growing Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhi Zhao ◽  
De Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Stress Environments

In the 19th century, Julius Wolff put forward the law of bone transformation, it has been widely known that the trabecular structure of cancellous bone depend on the mechanical characteristic of cancellous bone. At present, in the field of bone remodeling and biomechanics, FE method and computer simulation are playing important role in simulating and predicting the bone mineral density or bone structure. To establish a quantized biological model of bone growth and remodeling adaptation, which integrates animal experiments, unknown parameter inversion identification of mathematical functions and technique of computer simulation. The 80 rats were randomly divided into three groups: 15 rats were in normal control groups, 45 in experiment groups, 20 in validation and prediction groups. By designing a new animal experiment, we investigate the effects of stress environments on bone growth and remodeling of rapid growing rats. And gather the bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femur in the same interval for the unknown parameters (B and K) inversion of bone growth. The model of bone growth and remodeling advanced in this paper can not only numerically simulate the relationship between outer stimulus and the femur BMD variation of rapid growing rats, but also predict the growth trend of rat femur under different stress environments in its whole lifecycle.In this paper, we showed that the modeling ideas and methods for human bone reconstruction tips to provide clue and reference to establishing human model of bone growth and remodeling.

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