Supraclavicular skin temperature and BAT activity in lean healthy adults

Aims To establish normative values of vibration perception thresholds (VPTs), using multi-frequency vibrometry at finger pulps and at metatarsal heads of the foot in healthy adults. We also aimed to investigate factors that could potentially affect VPTs such as age, sex, height, weight, foot- or handedness and skin temperature. Methods VPTs were examined in 924 healthy and randomly selected subjects in the southern Sweden (mean 46 years; 628 women and 296 men). Inclusion criterias were adult subjects (>18 years) in considerable health without diabetes mellitus or other nerve affecting disorders. VPTs were measured at the finger pulps of index and little finger, as well as the first and fifth metatarsal heads of the foot, through multi-frequency vibrometry using the VibroSense Meter® I device. Patient characteristics were recorded and skin temperature was measured before assessment of VPTs. Results We present normative values of VPTs for a large population of both male and female subjects in various ages. VPTs detoriated as age increased (0.09–0.59 dB per year; p<0.001), i.e. progressing with normal aging. Increasing skin temperature affected VPTs in finger pulps, but not at metatarsal heads, with -0.2 to -1.6 dB, i.e. vibration perception improved with higher temperatures. Height was only found to affect the VPTs of metatarsal heads (250 Hz: 0.42 dB per cm). Sex, weight and handedness did not affect the VPTs. Conclusion We investigated the normative values of VPTs and presented affecting factors as age, skin temperature and height. With these results, VPT testing through multi-frequency vibrometry is enabled to be used in a clinical practice as a diagnostic tool when investigating neuropathy and other neurological disorders.

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The Supraclavicular Skin Temperature Response to Mild Cold Stimulation is Dependent on Ambient Temperature

10.31487/j.jdmc.2019.01.02 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Michael E. Symonds ◽

Helen Budge ◽

I A Macdonald ◽

Lindsay Jane Robinson

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Wireless Data ◽

Cold Stimulation ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Supraclavicular Skin Temperature

Purpose: This study investigated the basal activity, and cold-induced thermogenic response, of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) under warm (23˚C) and cool (18˚C) ambient conditions using supraclavicular skin temperature as a measure of BAT activity. As a highly metabolic, heat-producing tissue, it has been hypothesised that under-active/dysfunctional BAT may underlie a pathological energy imbalance leading to obesity. Methods: Five lean, healthy participants underwent infrared thermography (IRT) of supraclavicular BAT before, and during, mild cold exposure (single-hand immersion in cool water at 20˚C), once at 18˚C and once at 23˚C. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured simultaneously using indirect calorimetry, and mean skin temperature (TMSK) was calculated at 1-minute intervals in parallel to IRT using wireless data loggers. Results: Following 30 minutes of hand cooling, supraclavicular skin temperature (TSCR) rose significantly from baseline at an ambient temperature of 23˚C (∆TSCR: 0.17 ± 0.03˚C, P < 0.01), and EE rose by 0.22 ± 0.02 kJ/min, P < 0.001. At an ambient room temperature of 18˚C, TSCR after hand cooling was similar to baseline, and EE remained unchanged. The TMSK response was indicative of a systemic vasoconstrictive response of similar magnitude in both warm and cool ambient temperatures. Conclusions: At 18˚C in light clothing, BAT may already be maximally stimulated at baseline, and respond minimally to additional cold exposure. Ambient temperature is recognised as a determinant of glucose uptake in BAT. In this study, we show, that it also modulates the TSCR response to further localised cold-stimulation, indicating an effect on BAT thermogenesis.

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Impact of an intermittent and localized cooling intervention on skin temperature, sleep quality and energy expenditure in free-living, young, healthy adults

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 102875

Author(s):

Huiwen Xu ◽

Antonio Martinez-Nicolas ◽

Wendy D. Martinez-Avila ◽

Juan M.A. Alcantara ◽

Juan Corral-Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Free Living

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Short-Term Effect of Different Taping Methods on Local Skin Temperature in Healthy Adults

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.00488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kun Liu ◽

Zhouying Duan ◽

Lihua Chen ◽

Zixing Wen ◽

Shengqun Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Local Skin ◽

Short Term Effect ◽

Local Skin Temperature

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Neuropeptide Y Plays an Important Role in the Relationship Between Brain Glucose Metabolism and Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Healthy Adults: A PET/CT Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.694162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qiongyue Zhang ◽

Qing Miao ◽

Yehong Yang ◽

Jiaying Lu ◽

Huiwei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Brain Glucose ◽

Brain Glucose Metabolism ◽

Positive Group ◽

Bat Activity ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Pet Ct ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

IntroductionBrown adipose tissue (BAT) becomes the favorite target for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because the activated BAT can produce heat and consume energy. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, which secretes Neuropeptide Y (NPY), is speculated to regulate BAT activity. However, whether NPY is involved in BAT activity’s central regulation in humans remains unclear. Thus, it’s essential to explore the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and human BAT activity.MethodsA controlled study with a large sample of healthy adults used Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to noninvasively investigate BAT’s activity and brain glucose metabolism in vivo. Eighty healthy adults with activated BAT according to the PET/CT scan volunteered to be the BAT positive group, while 80 healthy adults without activated BAT but with the same gender, similar age, and BMI, scanning on the same day, were recruited as the control (BAT negative). We use Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analyze the brain image data, Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), and PET/CT Viewer software to calculate the semi-quantitative values of brain glucose metabolism and BAT activity. ELISA tested the levels of fasting plasma NPY. The multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between brain glucose metabolism, the level of NPY, and the BAT activity in the BAT positive group.Results(1) Compared with controls, BAT positive group showed significant metabolic decreases mainly in the right Insula (BA13a, BA13b) and the right claustrum (uncorrected P <0.01, adjusted BMI). (2) The three brain regions’ semi-quantitative values in the BAT positive group were significantly lower than the negative group (all P values < 0.05). (3) After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and outside temperature, there was a negative correlation between brain metabolic values and BAT activity (all P values < 0.05). However, after further adjusting for NPY level, there were no significant differences between the BA13b metabolic values and BAT activity (P>0.05), while the correlation between the BA13a metabolic values and BAT activity still was significant (P< 0.05).ConclusionsRegional brain glucose metabolism is closely related to healthy adults’ BAT activity, which may be mediated by NPY.

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