Geochemical Characterization and Controlling Factors of Chemical Composition of Spring Water in a Part of Eastern Himalaya

This study presents geochemical characterization, as well as, quantification of rare earth elements in the recent beach deposition at the two major islands of the eastern Bay of Bengal-Kutubdia and Moheshkhali. Placer sand samples from near surface depositions were analyzed by heavy mineral separation, mineralogical identification, chemical composition and elemental mapping. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to obtain these results. The heavy mineral concentration in different raw sand samples resulted by heavy liquid separation technique revealed that the average abundance of heavy minerals is 69.67% in Kutubdia island and 9.32% in Moheshkhali island, respectively. The X-ray patterns of Kutubdia and Moheshkhali sand samples show the presence of zircon, quartz, hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, chromite, kyanite, anatase, rutile and garnet. Chemical composition of heavy mineral sands from Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence method (XRF) for major oxides and trace elements. The concentration is of Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P, K2O, CaO, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, CoO, ZnO, SrO, Y2O3 ZrO2, Nb2O5, MoO3, HfO2, WO3, ThO2, U3O8, CeO2, Nd2O and Er2O3 were determined. A significant amount of various rare earth elements (REEs) in the elemental composition of few samples was also identified. The study is expected to be useful in the baseline and environmental aspects of both the islands.

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Freshening of a Coastal Karst Aquifer Revealed by the Temporal Changes in a Spring Water Composition (La Palme, Southern France)

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology6020045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Christophe Monnin ◽

Joseph Tamborski ◽

Simon Bejannin ◽

Marc Souhaut ◽

Manon Roques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Extreme Values ◽

Karst Aquifer ◽

Mediterranean Coast ◽

Spring Water ◽

Karst Aquifers ◽

Co2 Partial Pressure ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Water Composition ◽

Coastal Karst

Coastal karst aquifers are vulnerable to sea level rise and seawater intrusion. Knowledge of aquifer hydrological characteristics is therefore essential to managing this water resource. Long-term aquifer monitoring may not always be possible, especially in areas that humans frequent for recreational purposes. However, hydrological information can be deduced from the chemical composition of periodically sampled groundwaters. We characterized the complete chemical composition (temperature, pH, salinity, ORP, O2, Na-K-Ca-Mg-Ba-Sr-Si-Cl-SO4-DIC, and DOC) of a brackish karstic spring located along the French Mediterranean coast (La Palme). The salinity of the spring water varied between 4 and 9 during the 2.5 year period of observation. Chemical analyses revealed that the spring is modified from modern seawater, as shown by Na-normalized dissolved element concentrations. Thermodynamic calculations of mineral saturation states (PHREEQC) point to aragonite and barite saturation and elevated equilibrium CO2 partial pressure. The simultaneous salinity minima and oxygen maxima coincide with extreme values of dissolved element concentrations. This indicates that variation in salinity and water chemistry in La Palme coastal aquifer is primarily driven by infiltration of fresh rainwater. This study shows that geochemical investigations can provide an alternative approach to characterizing the hydrological properties of coastal karst aquifers when wells or boreholes are not readily available.

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Warm Period Growth of Travertine during the Last Interglaciation in Southern Germany

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1006/qres.2000.2135 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 38-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Norbert Frank ◽

Margarethe Braum ◽

Ulrich Hambach ◽

Augusto Mangini ◽

Günther Wagner

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Activity Ratio ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Ice Core ◽

Spring Water ◽

Peat Bog ◽

Stratigraphic Sequence ◽

Cold Episode

Late-Quaternary travertine at two sites near Stuttgart formed entirely during interglacial periods. The travertine contains structures from growth induced by bacteria, and such structures have been dated by 230Th/U mass spectrometry. The resulting ages from both sites imply growth episodes of short duration, with growth rates up to 5 mm yr−1, at 99,800 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 8) and 105,900 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 7). These episodes were likely part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.3. Deposition of silt interrupted travertine growth at one of the sites ∼105,000 yr B.P. Likely correlatives of this silt are the St. Germain I-B stade recorded in the Grand Pile peat bog and a cold episode ∼1000 yr long recorded by δ18O values in the GRIP ice core. Travertine also formed during stage 5.5 (∼115,000 yr) and during the early Holocene. We found no evidence for travertine accumulation in stages 2, 3, 4, and 5.1. At both sites, the Sr/U ratio and the initial 234U/238U activity ratio resemble those of modern spring water. However, the sites differ in the chemical composition of spring water and in stratigraphic sequence of travertine accumulation.

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Statistical Analysis and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Modelling for Chemical Composition of Groundwater and Spring Water at Jeju Island, South Korea

Water ◽

10.3390/w12030777 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 777

Author(s):

Byeong Dae Lee ◽

Chan Ho Jeong ◽

Yong Cheon Lee ◽

Yu Jin Lee ◽

Jae Ha Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

South Korea ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Sea Water ◽

Spring Water ◽

Jeju Island ◽

Sea Water Intrusion ◽

Water Mixing ◽

Water Intrusion ◽

Water Interaction

The purpose of this study is to delineate the main contributions controlling the chemical composition of groundwater and spring water samples at Jeju Island, South Korea. Groundwater and spring water can be grouped as three chemical types: Fresh water (Ca, Na-HCO3), sea water mixing (Na-Cl, SO4) and contamination (Ca-NO3, Cl). By factor analysis, three factors can explain about 87% of chemical variances: Factor 1 (Na+ and Cl−), factor 2 (NO3−), and factors 3 (HCO3−), which are regarded as indicative ions of sea water mixing, contamination and mineral-water interaction, respectively. Sea water intrusion in the southeastern area of Jeju Island is due to downward distribution of Seogwipo Formation, which plays a role as an aquiclude preventing sea water intrusion in other areas, under sea level at the southeastern coastal area. Nitrate contamination is likely to be affected by pollution sources, i.e., agricultural activities, horse farms and municipal sewage. Thermodynamic saturation index indicates that most of waters are undersaturated with respect to major minerals, which may result from insufficient reaction time within a permeable aquifer. The unsaturation state corresponds to low load scores of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and SiO2 in factor 3, which means a low contribution of mineral-water interaction.

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Geochemical Characterization and Presence of Rare Earth Elements in the Recent Depositions at the Islands of the Eastern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ojs.v11i1.410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Farah Deeba ◽

Syed Hafizur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Zafrul Kabir ◽

Mohammad Rajib

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Heavy Mineral ◽

Heavy Minerals ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Near Surface ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

X Ray

This study presents geochemical characterization, as well as, quantification of rare earth elements in the recent beach deposition at the two major islands of the eastern Bay of Bengal-Kutubdia and Moheshkhali. Placer sand samples from near surface depositions were analyzed by heavy mineral separation, mineralogical identification, chemical composition and elemental mapping. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to obtain these results. The heavy mineral concentration in different raw sand samples resulted by heavy liquid separation technique revealed that the average abundance of heavy minerals is 69.67% in Kutubdia island and 9.32% in Moheshkhali island, respectively. The X-ray patterns of Kutubdia and Moheshkhali sand samples show the presence of zircon, quartz, hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, chromite, kyanite, anatase, rutile and garnet. Chemical composition of heavy mineral sands from Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence method (XRF) for major oxides and trace elements. The concentration is of Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P, K2O, CaO, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, CoO, ZnO, SrO, Y2O3 ZrO2, Nb2O5, MoO3, HfO2, WO3, ThO2, U3O8, CeO2, Nd2O and Er2O3 were determined. A significant amount of various rare earth elements (REEs) in the elemental composition of few samples was also identified. The study is expected to be useful in the baseline and environmental aspects of both the islands.

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Dynamics of change monitoring of sanitary and chemical indicators of water quality in springs in the subarid region by the model of Saratov region

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2008-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-64

Author(s):

Ksenia Aleksandrovna Savina ◽

Dmitry Evgenievich Ivanov ◽

Anatoly Nikolayevich Mikerov ◽

Vladimir Fedorovich Spirin ◽

Anton Valerievich Kosarev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Spring Water ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Chemical Indicators ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

The Right ◽

The City

Springs on the right Bank of the Saratov region can be considered as a predictive model of changes in the chemical composition of spring water in a warming climate. The 14 sources most demanded by the population were identified. The probable causes of the detected deviations in the investigated sanitaryhygienic indicators are also described. The research period is 2016–2019. The sources are located on the territory of the right Bank of the Saratov region, including the city of Saratov. We determined the flow rate and type of sources, the water temperature in them, the presence of captage and sanitary protection zones, the chemical composition of water in terms of smell, taste, color, turbidity, pH, total hardness, total mineralization, Cl, SO4 2-, NO3 , NO2 , NH3 , Pb2+, Cd2+, Fecom, Mncom, Crcom, Ascom. We found that 35 % of samples do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards. Deviations were detected in terms of color, turbidity, total hardness, manganese, chlorides, nitrates, and cadmium. The dynamics of changes in chemical indicators of water quality in all surveyed sources was studied. In 6 of them, from 2016 to 2019, an increase in the level of hardness and total mineralization was revealed. The highest concentrations of the studied substances were recorded in the spring period (flood). An increase in the concentration of manganese was observed in 6 sources. In one of them, in March 2017, the critical value of this indicator was recorded (22 MPC). The necessity of using springs by the population as alternative sources of water supply for drinking purposes is analyzed. To identify the demand for springs in the city of Saratov, a survey of 535 people was conducted directly at the sampling sites. The conducted survey of the population indicates the confidence of the population in the quality of spring water. The probable causes of the detected excess are described. A comparison of our results with available data from 2009–2016 indicates a deterioration in the water quality of the surveyed sources.

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Study of the chemical composition and content of microorganisms in spring water

Voda Himiâ i èkologiâ ◽

10.18334/watchemec.11.10-12.23-29 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10-12) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

S.G. Skugoreva ◽

A.I. Fokina ◽

L.I. Domracheva ◽

I.A. Domracheev

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Spring Water

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Flow-by-flow chemical stratigraphy and evolution of thirteen Serra Geral Group basalt flows from Vista Alegre, southernmost Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011000200006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 425-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Viter M Pinto ◽

Léo A Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Horizontal Position ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Native Copper ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Basaltic Composition ◽

The World ◽

World Class

The geochemical characterization of thirteen Serra Geral Group flows in the Vista Alegre region (RS-SC), southern Brazil, displays the homogeneous basaltic composition near 50 wt.% SiO2. Each of the five basal flows (Pitanga-type, high-Ti/Y ~600, TiO2 > 3 wt.%) and eight upper flows (Paranapanema-type, medium Ti/Y ~400, TiO2 > 2 wt.%) can be identified from their chemical composition; sets of flows have parallel variation in chemical composition. The flow-by-flowcorrelation in four sections shows the horizontal position of the flows in three profiles and an approximately 200-m downdrop of the Itapiranga block with respect to the Frederico Westphalen block. The world-class amethyst geode mineralization and the systematic presence of native copper in the basalts make the correlation of great geological and economic significance.

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