Soil suppressiveness against Macrophomina Phaseolina s.l. as affected by cyclic temperature regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Housam Kanaan ◽  
Shlomit Medina ◽  
Dror Minz ◽  
Michael Raviv
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Cyclic Temperature

Inoculation of Euphorbia lathyris with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Phyllis T. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Euphorbia Lathyris

Root infections caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were initiated under optimal conditions for the host, Euphorbia lathyris. Two-week-old Euphorbia lathyris seedlings were inoculated by tying roots with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina. Ninety-three per cent of the inoculated roots developed infections after 2 weeks incubation in silica sand at 25 °C. By using infested strings, differences in the incidence of lesion development were detected when infected roots were subjected to differing temperature regimes. After approximately 6 weeks, there was a significantly [Formula: see text] greater incidence of lesion development at 34 °C than at 25 °C, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of infection. Aerial symptoms indicative of charcoal rot were not observed during the course of these studies. Key words: infested strings, charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)-mediated suppression of Meloidogyne javanica in mungbean

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Zia ◽  
Imran A. Siddiqui ◽  
Syed S. Shaukat ◽  
Syed Nazaru-Hasnai
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Population Numbers

Soil amendments with powdered seeds of <i>Trigonella foenum - graecum</i> (fenugreek) caused soil suppressiveness against <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>. Decomposed seeds of fenugreek caused marked reduction in nematode population densities and subsequent root-knot development as compared to the aqueous extract of the seeds indicating that some indirect factors are involved in the suppression of root-knot nematode. Both decomposed seeds and aqueous extracts enhanced plant height and fresh weights of shoot whereas root growth remained uninfluenced. Changes in fungal communities associated with nematode control were studied by comparing population numbers of fungi in the soil and in internal root tissues (endorhiza) in non-amended and fenugreekamended soils. <i>Acremonium</i> sp., <i>Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were found to colonize inner root tissues of mungbean. <i>Acremonium</i> sp., <i>C. globosum</i> and <i>F.solani</i> were isolated in a relatively higher frequency from roots growing in the amended soils while <i>M. phaseolina</i> and <i>R. solani</i> colonized greatly in roots growing in non-amended soil. Of the fungi isolated from soils, <i>Penicillium brefaldianum</i> caused maximum juvenile mortality of <i>M.javanica</i> whereas <i>F.solani</i> caused greatest inhibition of egg hatch.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from gummosis infected citrus reticulata

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Rubal C Das ◽  
Rajib Banik ◽  
Robiul Hasan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the pathogenic organisms of gummosis disease of orange tree (Citrus reticulata). The pathogen was identified from the observation of their colony size, shape, colour, mycelium, conidiophore, conidia, hyaline, spore, and appressoria in the PDA culture. The crude chloroform extracts from the organism showed antibacterial activity against a number of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude chloroform extract also showed promising antifungal activity against three species of the genus Aspergillus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sonnie were 128 ?gm, 256 ?gm, 128 ?gm and 64 ?gm/ml respectively. The LD50 (lethal dose) values of the cytotoxicity assay over brine shrimp of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina was found to be 51.79 ?gm/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13378 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):125-133, 2010

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen, and agro-ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Naseri ◽  
M. Gheitury ◽  
M. Veisi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Soil Infestation

SummaryUnderstanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani from root and seed compared to Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than R. solani and M. phaseolina. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

scholarly journals Understanding the Interaction Effects between Dietary Lipid Content and Rearing Temperature on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Fat Deposition of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Lydia Katsika ◽  
Mario Huesca Flores ◽  
Yannis Kotzamanis ◽  
Alicia Estevez ◽  
Stavros Chatzifotis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fish Group

This study was conducted to elucidate the interaction effects of temperature and dietary lipid levels (2 × 2 factorial experiment) on the growth performance, muscle, and liver composition in adult farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two groups of fish (190 g; 60 fish per group) were distributed in 12 tanks in triplicates and kept at two different temperature regimes; one starting at 23 °C and then changed to 17 °C for 61 days, and the other starting at 17 °C and then changed to 23 °C for 39 days. Two commercial diets containing both ~44% crude protein but incorporating different dietary lipid levels, 16.5% (D16) and 20.0% (D20) (dry matter (DM)), were fed to the fish to apparent satiation; the type of diet fed to each fish group remained constant throughout the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher for the fish group held at 23 °C compared to the fish group at 17 °C (before the temperature changes), while the dietary fat content did not have any profound effect in both groups. Furthermore, the different temperature regimes did not affect muscle or liver composition, but, on the contrary, dietary lipids affected hepatosomatic, perivisceral fat, and visceral indexes. Feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate were not affected by the dietary lipid level. An interaction of temperature and dietary lipid content was observed in daily feed consumption (DFC) and final body weight (FBW).

EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauf Bhutta ◽  
M.H. Rahber Bhatti ◽  
Ahmad Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Safe Control

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.

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