scholarly journals The Effect of Feed Supplementation with EM Bokashi® Multimicrobial Probiotic Preparation on Selected Parameters of Sow Colostrum and Milk as Indicators of the Specific and Nonspecific Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Jarosz ◽  
Artur Ciszewski ◽  
Agnieszka Marek ◽  
Zbigniew Grądzki ◽  
Beata Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Large White ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Probiotic Microbes ◽  
Nonspecific Immune Response

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of EM Bokashi® on selected parameters of the specific and nonspecific immune response of sows by in colostrum and milk samples. The percentage of cells with expression of CD19+, CD5+CD19+, CD21+, SWC3a (macrophage/monocyte), and CD11b+ molecules on the monocytes and granulocytes as well as the concentrations of lysozyme and acute phase proteins — serum amyloid-A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) were evaluated. The study was carried out on a commercial pig farm, including 150 sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace) at the age of 2–4 years. Sixty female sows were divided into two groups: I — control and II — experimental. For the experimental group, a probiotic in the form of the preparation EM Bokashi® in the amount of 10 kg/tonne of feed was added to the basal feed from mating to weaning. The material for the study consisted of colostrum and milk. The samples were collected from all sows at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h after parturition. The study showed that exposure of the pregnant sow to the probiotic microbes contained in EM Bokashi® significantly affects the immunological quality of the colostrum and milk and caused an increase in the percentage of the subpopulations of B cells with CD19+, CD21+, and CD5+CD19+ expression in the colostrum and milk, which demonstrates an increase in the protective potential of colostrum and indicates stimulation of humoral immune mechanisms that protect the sow and the piglets against infections.

Diet quality affects postnuptial molting and feather quality of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): interaction with humoral immune function?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter László Pap ◽  
Csongor István Vágási ◽  
Gábor Árpád Czirják ◽  
Zoltán Barta
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Quality Food

We investigated the effects of nutritional limitation, humoral immune activation, and their interaction on postnuptial molting of aviary-kept house sparrows ( Passer domesticus (L., 1758)). In a 2 × 2 experimental design, we measured the progress of molting and the quality of feathers produced during molting by house sparrows exposed to different diet qualities (high and low) and humoral immune activation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Food quality, but not the activation of humoral immunity, affected significantly the body mass and the process of molting. Sparrows feeding on low-quality food had decreased body mass and longer molts than the high-quality group. Low-quality food, but not the activation of humoral immunity, reduced significantly the length and mass (i.e., the quality) of primaries grown during molting. Birds responded significantly to injection with SRBC compared with the control group, but the immune response was similar between nutritional groups. The absence of a negative effect of humoral immunity on molting in house sparrows might be related to the low energy and nutritional requirements of mounting and maintaining a humoral immune response.

Intramammary infusion of a live culture for treatment of bovine mastitis: effect of live lactococci on the mammary immune response

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Mercedes Alonso-Gómez ◽  
Collette O'Loughlin ◽  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Live Culture

In the accompanying article, we demonstrated that a live culture ofLactococcus lactiscompares favourably with antibiotics for treatment of bovine mastitis in two initial field trials. In an effort to explain the mechanism involved, this study investigated the effect of culture administration on the local immune response. In this respect we initially observed that infusion of the live cultureLactococcus lactisstimulated substantial recruitment of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes to the udder. For instance, in one assay, quarters infused with the probiotic experienced a dramatic increase (~20 000-fold) in neutrophils over the first 48-h period from an average value of 83·6 cells/ml pre-treatment to 1·78×106 cells/ml 48 h post-infusion. Levels of the acute phase proteins haptaglobin and milk amyloid A were also elevated significantly in comparison with controls following infusion of the culture. The results of flow cytometric assays also demonstrated that while infusion of a live lactococcal culture led to an enhanced recruitment of PMN to the udder (from 1·85×104 cells/ml pre-infusion to 1·45×106 cells/ml 24 h post-infusion) cell-free supernatant from the same culture was not able to do so, indicating that liveLc. lactiscan specifically trigger the mammary immune response to elicit PMN accumulation. These results suggest that the mechanism responsible for this probiotic treatment of mastitis is associated with stimulation of the host intramammary immune system.

scholarly journals Selected acute phase proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants in aborting and non-aborting goats infected with Border disease virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Balikci ◽  
Atilla Yildiz ◽  
Fuat Gurdogan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plasma Haptoglobin

Abstract Goats were grouped into three health categories based on the clinically and serologically proven cases: infected nonaborting (group A) (n = 10), infected aborting (group B) (n = 10), and non-infected (group C) (n = 10). In all groups, blood samples were collected and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma, haptoglobin (Hp) and amyloid A (SAA) in serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in erythrocytes. A statistically significant decrease in GSH-Px and SOD activities and increase in MDA, NO, Hp, and SAA levels were observed in groups A and B compared to group C. Additionally, MDA, NO, Hp, and SAA levels of the aborting goats were significantly higher, whereas SOD levels were lower than those of the non-aborting groups.

scholarly journals Patterns of serum immune biomarkers during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viremia in Asian and African elephants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0252175
Author(s):  
Katie L. Edwards ◽  
Erin M. Latimer ◽  
Jessica Siegal-Willott ◽  
Wendy Kiso ◽  
Luis R. Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

Hemorrhagic disease (HD) caused by a group of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) is one of the leading causes of death for young elephants in human care. These viruses are widespread and typically persist latently in adult elephants with no negative effects; however, in juvenile Asian and more recently young African elephants, the onset of disease can be rapid and the mortality rate high. Measuring biomarkers associated with the immune response could be beneficial to understanding underlying disease processes, as well as the management of infection and HD. The goal of this study was to measure acute phase proteins and cytokines in serum collected from elephants infected with EEHV (13 Asian and 1 African) and compare concentrations according to presence, severity and outcome of disease. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP) were higher in elephants with EEHV viremia than those without; concentrations increased with increasing viral load, and were higher in fatal cases compared to those that survived. In Asian elephants, SAA was also higher during EEHV1 viremia compared to EEHV5. Cytokine concentrations were typically low, and no statistical differences existed between groups. However, in individuals with detectable levels, longitudinal profiles indicated changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) that may reflect an immune response to EEHV infection. However, the overall low concentrations detected using previously validated assays do not support the presence of a ‘cytokine storm’ and suggest more work is needed to understand if sub-optimal immune responses could be involved in disease progression. These results highlight the potential benefit of measuring circulating biomarker concentrations, such as APPs and cytokines, to improve our understanding of EEHV viremia and HD, assist with monitoring the progression of disease and determining the impact of interventions.

scholarly journals MAVS regulates the quality of the antibody response to West-Nile Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e1009009
Author(s):  
Marvin O’Ketch ◽  
Spencer Williams ◽  
Cameron Larson ◽  
Jennifer L. Uhrlaub ◽  
Rachel Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Humoral Immune

A key difference that distinguishes viral infections from protein immunizations is the recognition of viral nucleic acids by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Insights into the functions of cytosolic PRRs such as the RNA-sensing Rig-I-like receptors (RLRs) in the instruction of adaptive immunity are therefore critical to understand protective immunity to infections. West Nile virus (WNV) infection of mice deficent of RLR-signaling adaptor MAVS results in a defective adaptive immune response. While this finding suggests a role for RLRs in the instruction of adaptive immunity to WNV, it is difficult to interpret due to the high WNV viremia, associated exessive antigen loads, and pathology in the absence of a MAVS-dependent innate immune response. To overcome these limitations, we have infected MAVS-deficient (MAVSKO) mice with a single-round-of-infection mutant of West Nile virus. We show that MAVSKO mice failed to produce an effective neutralizing antibody response to WNV despite normal antibody titers against the viral WNV-E protein. This defect occurred independently of antigen loads or overt pathology. The specificity of the antibody response in infected MAVSKO mice remained unchanged and was still dominated by antibodies that bound the neutralizing lateral ridge (LR) epitope in the DIII domain of WNV-E. Instead, MAVSKO mice produced IgM antibodies, the dominant isotype controlling primary WNV infection, with lower affinity for the DIII domain. Our findings suggest that RLR-dependent signals are important for the quality of the humoral immune response to WNV.

Humoral Immune Response During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anno Diegeler ◽  
Nicolas Doll ◽  
Thomas Rauch ◽  
Dorothea Haberer ◽  
Thomas Walther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Operative Approach ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background —The introduction of limited approaches to the heart and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) aim to reduce the invasiveness of CABG by decreasing the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, as well as the anti-inflammatory agent IL-10. This study compares the humoral immune response in patients undergoing CABG with standard, minimally invasive, and “off-pump” techniques. Methods and Results —Thirty patients were divided into 3 operative groups: full sternotomy approach plus CPB (group A); full sternotomy approach, off pump (group B); and limited left anterior thoracotomy, off pump (group C). Plasma levels of TNF-α receptors p55 and p75, IL 6, IL-8, and IL-10 were taken at baseline, during CPB, and at 4, 24, and 48 hours and 6 days after surgery. A significant increased release of activated complement factors C5a and C3d, IL-8, and IL-10 was observed in patients subjected to CPB (group A) during the initial period and for a short time after perfusion ( P <0.05). TNF-α receptors p55 and p75 showed a prolonged elevation (up to 48 hours) in the CPB group compared with the 2 off-pump groups. IL-6 showed no different release among the 3 surgical groups throughout the entire period. There was no significant difference in any parameter measured in relation to the type of operative approach. Conclusions —There is an inflammatory, as well as an anti-inflammatory, response during CABG that is related to the general surgical trauma. The release of immune mediators is enhanced by the use of CPB during various perioperative and postoperative phases. The type of operative approach did not influence this immune response.

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