Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Function in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilaria Hin Lam Chan ◽  
R. V. Ribeiro ◽  
S. Haden ◽  
V. Hirani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Older Age ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Si-Tong Chen ◽  
Jun Hyun Bae ◽  
Dae Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease in loss of muscle strength, mass, and function associated with aging. Although protective effects of exercise on muscle mass and function are generally recognized, research findings in sarcopenic adults are inconsistent. It is necessary to conduct a systematic review to determine the effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, and to examine the potential moderators including sociodemographic characteristics and exercise-related factors.Methods: Six electronical academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus) were used to retrieve the eligible studies from inception to May 2020. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from each included study, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study quality.Results: Seventeen studies (985 participants with sarcopenia, aged 67.6–86 years) were included in this review study. The meta-analytic results showed significant improvements in muscle strength [grip strength, SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.45), I2 = 6%, p < 0.01; knee extension, SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.15, 0.50), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and chair and stand, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81), I2 = 36%, p < 0.01], in physical performance [timed up and go, SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.48, 1.00), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and gait speed, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 0.82), I2 = 62%, p < 0.01], and in body composition [skeletal muscle mass index, SMD = 0.37, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58), I2 = 16%, p < 0.01; and appendicular skeletal muscle, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.13, 0.49), I2 = 20%, p < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in other body composition (SMD = 0.20–0.36). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the higher percent of female participants was significantly associated with improved gait speed (β = 0.0096, p = 0.03) and decreased skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.0092, p = 0.01).Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that exercise is a beneficial therapy, which has protective effects for older adults with sarcopenia. Some beneficial effects may be moderated by gender and exercise intensity.

scholarly journals Physical and functional performance assessment in pediatric oncology: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Söntgerath ◽  
Julia Däggelmann ◽  
Sabine V. Kesting ◽  
Corina S. Rueegg ◽  
Torge-Christian Wittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Research indicates reduced physical performance from diagnosis into survivorship of pediatric cancer patients. However, there is no systematic information or guideline available on the methods to assess physical performance and function in this population. The purpose was to systematically compile and describe assessments of physical performance and function in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait and motor performance test batteries. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database and performed abstract and full-text selection of 2619 articles according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Information on patients characteristics, assessments, information on validity and reliability, and relevant references was extracted. Results In summary, 63 different assessments were found in 149 studies including 11639 participants. Most studies evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with the majority conducted off treatment. Some outcomes (e.g. speed) and diagnoses (e.g. neuroblastoma) were severely underrepresented. With the exception of gait, leukemia patients represented the largest group of individuals tested. Conclusions Insufficient data and patient heterogeneity complicate uniform recommendations for assessments. Our results support researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate assessment to meet their specific research questions or individual daily practice needs. Impact This systematic review includes 149 studies and provides a comprehensive summary of 63 assessments to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait or motor performance test batteries in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer. We present the most studied fields within the pediatric cancer population, which are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, off treatment phase, and leukemia patients. We propose research priorities by identification of subgroups in terms of cancer type, phase of treatment, and outcome of interest that are underrepresented in studies currently available.

The Impact of Maternal Preeclampsia and Hyperglycemia on the Cardiovascular Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hoodbhoy ◽  
Nuruddin Mohammed ◽  
Karim Rizwan Nathani ◽  
Saima Sattar ◽  
Devyani Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the impact of maternal preeclampsia or hyperglycemia on the body composition and cardiovascular health in the offspring. Study Design We conducted a systematic review utilizing PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHLPlus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to include all studies assessing the impact of preeclampsia/eclampsia and/or gestational/pregestational diabetes mellitus on the health of the offspring (children <10 years of age). The health measures included anthropometry, cardiac dimensions and function, and vascular function. We performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager software and computed net risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data. Results There were 6,376 studies in total, of which 45 were included in the review and 40 in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated higher birth weight (MD: 0.12 kg; 95% CI: 0.06–0.18) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP; MD: 5.98 mmHg; 95% CI: 5.64–6.32 and MD: 3.27 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.65–5.89, respectively) in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes compared to controls. In contrast, the offspring of mothers with preeclampsia had lower birth weight (MD: −0.41 kg; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.11); however, they had increased systolic (MD: 2.2 mmHg; 95% CI: 1.28–3.12) and diastolic BP (MD: 1.41 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.3–2.52) compared to controls. There is lack of data to conduct a meta-analysis of cardiac morphology, functional, and vascular imaging parameters. Conclusion These findings suggest that the in-utero milieu can have a permanent impact on the body composition and vascular health of the offspring. Future work warrants multicenter prospective studies to understand the mechanism and the actual effect of exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and high BP on the cardiovascular health of the offspring and long-term outcomes. Key Points

The association between body composition and foot structure and function: a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Butterworth ◽  
K. B. Landorf ◽  
W. Gilleard ◽  
D. M. Urquhart ◽  
H. B. Menz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition between Healthy Adolescents and Those Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5675
Author(s):  
Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽  
Isis Kelly dos Santos ◽  
Anna Luiza Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Jean Damasceno de Goes ◽  
Jason Azevedo de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Growth, Size, Body Composition, and/or Risk of Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Jamy Ard ◽  
Lydia Bazzano ◽  
Steven Heymsfield ◽  
Elizabeth Mayer-Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

scholarly journals Intradialytic physical exercise in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of health outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
María Paz Lázaro Asensio ◽  
Alfredo Córdova Martínez ◽  
Alberto Caballero-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
General Term ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders that affect the structure and function of the kidney. Complications of CKD significantly limit exercise (Ex) tolerance by reducing functional capacity, endurance, and strength. However, the practice of regular Ex contributes to delaying the progression of CKD and stimulating improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Ex performed during the period of hemodialysis may be the best option when stimulating adherence and being under medical supervision. The purpose of the paper is to examine the effectiveness of intradialytic (iHD) Ex on health outcomes in patients with CKD by identifying the most appropriate component of Ex. Material and method: Systematic review, based on PRISMA guidelines, performing a structured search in Medline, SciELO and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Publications from the last 5 years relating iHD Ex and CKD up to 31 December 2019 were included. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the McMaster critical review form. Results: We found 7 articles that described increases in endurance, upper and lower limb muscle strength, and HRQL of CKD patients providing emotional, social and psychological improvements. In addition, iHD Ex is able to control oxidative stress, inflammation, improve the lipid profile and stimulate endothelial progenitor cells, which together reduce the risk of mortality associated with multiple comorbidities in CKD patients, especially cardiovascular ones. Conclusions:Ex provides improvements in physical function and capacity, HRQL and biological markers. Aerobic Ex, muscle strength Ex and combined Ex programs are used.

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