scholarly journals Exploratory approach for network behavior clustering in LoRaWAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Garlisi ◽  
Alessio Martino ◽  
Jad Zouwayhed ◽  
Reza Pourrahim ◽  
Francesca Cuomo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Wireless Interface ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing both as for research and market perspectives. Worldwide, we are witnessing the deployment of several IoT networks for different applications, spanning from home automation to smart cities. The majority of these IoT deployments were quickly set up with the aim of providing connectivity without deeply engineering the infrastructure to optimize the network efficiency and scalability. The interest is now moving towards the analysis of the behavior of such systems in order to characterize and improve their functionality. In these IoT systems, many data related to device and human interactions are stored in databases, as well as IoT information related to the network level (wireless or wired) is gathered by the network operators. In this paper, we provide a systematic approach to process network data gathered from a wide area IoT wireless platform based on LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). Our study can be used for profiling IoT devices, in order to group them according to their characteristics, as well as detecting network anomalies. Specifically, we use the k-means algorithm to group LoRaWAN packets according to their radio and network behavior. We tested our approach on a real LoRaWAN network where the entire captured traffic is stored in a proprietary database. Quite important is the fact that LoRaWAN captures, via the wireless interface, packets of multiple operators. Indeed our analysis was performed on 997, 183 packets with 2169 devices involved and only a subset of them were known by the considered operator, meaning that an operator cannot control the whole behavior of the system but on the contrary has to observe it. We were able to analyze clusters’ contents, revealing results both in line with the current network behavior and alerts on malfunctioning devices, remarking the reliability of the proposed approach.

Implications of Cybersecurity Breaches in LPWANs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Åke Axeland ◽  
Henrik Hagfeldt ◽  
Magnus Carlsson ◽  
Lina Lagerquist Sergel ◽  
Ismail Butun
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Political Decisions

With the contrast of limited performance and big responsibility of IoT devices, potential security breaches can have serious impacts in means of safety and privacy. Potential consequences of attacks on IoT devices could be leakage of individuals daily habits and political decisions being influenced. While the consequences might not be avoidable in their entirety, adequate knowledge is a fundamental part of realizing the importance of IoT security and during the assessment of damages following a breach. This chapter will focus on two low-powered wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, narrow-band iot (NB-IoT) and long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN). Further, three use cases will be considered—healthcare, smart cities, and industry—which all to some degree rely on IoT devices. It is shown that with enough knowledge of possible attacks and their corresponding implications, more secure IoT systems can be developed.

A Survey on Attacks and Defences on LoRaWAN Gateways

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Olof Magnusson ◽  
Rikard Teodorsson ◽  
Joakim Wennerberg ◽  
Stig Arne Knoph
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Replay Attacks ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

LoRaWAN (long-range wide-area network) is an emerging technology for the connection of internet of things (IoT) devices to the internet and can as such be an important part of decision support systems. In this technology, IoT devices are connected to the internet through gateways by using long-range radio signals. However, because LoRaWAN is an open network, anyone has the ability to connect an end device or set up a gateway. Thus, it is important that gateways are designed in such a way that their ability to be used maliciously is limited. This chapter covers relevant attacks against gateways and potential countermeasures against them. A number of different attacks were found in literature, including radio jamming, eavesdropping, replay attacks, and attacks against the implementation of what is called beacons in LoRaWAN. Countermeasures against these attacks are discussed, and a suggestion to improve the security of LoRaWAN is also included.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Coverage Area

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bidirectional ADR-Enabled Class B LoRaWAN Networks in Industrial Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7964
Author(s):  
David Todoli-Ferrandis ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá ◽  
Ana Planes-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Class B

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are becoming a widespread solution for wireless deployments in many applications, such as smart cities or Industry 4.0. However, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as energy consumption and robustness. To characterize and optimize these types of networks, the authors have developed an optimized use of the adaptative data rate (ADR) mechanism for uplink, proposed its use also for downlink based on the simulator ns-3, and then defined an industrial scenario to test and validate the proposed solution in terms of packet loss and energy.

scholarly journals Energy-Aware Security Adaptation for Low-Power IoT Applications

Network ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Miguel Rosendo ◽  
Jorge Granjal
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The One

The constant evolution in communication infrastructures will enable new Internet of Things (IoT) applications, particularly in areas that, up to today, have been mostly enabled by closed or proprietary technologies. Such applications will be enabled by a myriad of wireless communication technologies designed for all types of IoT devices, among which are the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) or other Low-power and Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) communication technologies. This applies to many critical environments, such as industrial control and healthcare, where wireless communications are yet to be broadly adopted. Two fundamental requirements to effectively support upcoming critical IoT applications are those of energy management and security. We may note that those are, in fact, contradictory goals. On the one hand, many IoT devices depend on the usage of batteries while, on the other hand, adequate security mechanisms need to be in place to protect devices and communications from threats against their stability and security. With thismotivation in mind, we propose a solution to address the management, in tandem, of security and energy in LoRaWAN IoT communication environments. We propose and evaluate an architecture in the context of which adaptation logic is used to manage security and energy dynamically, with the goal of guaranteeing appropriate security, while promoting the lifetime of constrained sensing devices. The proposed solution was implemented and experimentally evaluated and was observed to successfully manage security and energy. Security and energy are managed in line with the requirements of the application at hand, the characteristics of the constrained sensing devices employed and the detection, as well as the threat, of particular types of attacks.

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