scholarly journals Intensification, regulation and diversification: The changing face of inland aquaculture in China

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Newton ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
Zhaoxing Xian ◽  
Bruce McAdam ◽  
David C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Consumer Tastes ◽  
Aquaculture Production

AbstractTrends in aquatic food consumption were matched against farm production surveys within Hubei province and compared to official production data and statistics. Surveys showed that consumer tastes were changing to a much broader aquatic food menu as their spending power increased. Traditional aquaculture species were becoming less profitable due to reduced profit margins as input costs increased and consumption preferences changed. Consequently, many producers were diversifying their production to meet local demand. Some farmers were also de-intensifying by reducing commercial aquafeed inputs and reverting to more traditional methods of dyke-crop culture to optimise trade-offs between input costs and labour, and manage their risk more effectively. In addition, analysis of local data showed that wholesale changes were occurring to aquaculture production as environmental protection legislation took effect which reduced the growing area for carps considerably.

scholarly journals Protecting patients and staff in residential treatment centers during exposure to COVID-19: commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Johnson ◽  
Carolyn Keough ◽  
Holly Hills ◽  
Wouter Vermeer ◽  
Rebecca Lengnick-Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created a crisis in access to addiction treatment. Programs with residential components have been particularly impacted as they try to keep infection from spreading in facilities and contributing to further community spread of the virus. This crisis highlights the ongoing daily trade-offs that organizations must weigh as they balance the risks and benefits of individual patients with those of the group of patients, staff and the community they serve. Main body The COVID-19 pandemic has forced provider organizations to make individual facility level decisions about how to manage patients who are COVID-19 positive while protecting other patients, staff and the community. While guidance documents from federal, state, and trade groups aimed to support such decision making, they often lagged pandemic dynamics, and provided too little detail to translate into front line decision making. In the context of incomplete knowledge to make informed decisions, we present a way to integrate guidelines and local data into the decision process and discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by provider organizations in preventing infections and responding to COVID positive patients or staff. Conclusion and commentary Provider organizations need decision support on managing the risk of COVID-19 positive patients in their milieu. While useful, guidance documents may not be capable of providing support with the nuance that local data and simulation modeling may be able to provide.

scholarly journals Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Verena Strobl ◽  
Domenic Camenzind ◽  
Angela Minnameyer ◽  
Stephanie Walker ◽  
Michael Eyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Solitary Bees ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to determine the potential hazards of a chemical routinely used in risk evaluations. However, studies revealing no effect on survival or even indicating enhanced survival are likely to be misleading, if potential trade-offs between survival and other physiological factors are overlooked. Here, we used standard laboratory experiments to investigate the sublethal (i.e., food consumption) and lethal (i.e., survival) effects of two common agricultural pesticides (Roundup® and clothianidin) on adult female solitary bees, Osmia bicornis. The data showed no significant effect of the treatment on cumulative survival; however, a significant positive correlation between herbicide and insecticide exposure and age was revealed, i.e., bees exposed to higher dosages lived longer. As no significant differences in daily food consumption were observed across treatment groups, increased food intake can be excluded as a factor leading to the prolonged survival. While this study does not provide data on fitness effects, two previous studies using solitary bees observed significant negative effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on fitness, yet not on survival. Thus, we conjecture that the observed non-significant effects on longevity may result from a trade-off between survival and reproduction. The data suggest that a focus on survival can lead to false-negative results and it appears inevitable to include fitness or at least tokens of fitness at the earliest stage in future risk assessments.

scholarly journals Market Access, Production Diversity, and Diet Diversity: Evidence From India

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Gupta ◽  
Naveen Sunder ◽  
Prabhu L. Pingali
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Recall Period ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Production Diversity ◽  
On Farm

Background: Recent literature, largely from Africa, shows mixed effects of own-production on diet diversity. However, the role of own-production, relative to markets, in influencing food consumption becomes more pronounced as market integration increases. Objective: This paper investigates the relative importance of two factors - production diversity and household market integration - for the intake of a nutritious diet by women and households in rural India. Methods: Data analysis is based on primary data from an extensive agriculture-nutrition survey of 3600 Indian households that was collected in 2017. Dietary diversity scores are constructed for women and households is based on 24-hour and 7-day recall periods. Household market integration is measured as monthly household expenditure on key non-staple food groups. We measure production diversity in two ways - field-level and on-farm production diversity - in order to account for the cereal centric rice-wheat cropping system found in our study locations. The analysis is based on Ordinary Least Squares regressions where we control for a variety of village, household, and individual level covariates that affect food consumption, and village fixed effects. Robustness checks are done by way of using a Poisson regression specifications and 7-day recall period. Results: Conventional measures of field-level production diversity, like the number of crops or food groups grown, have no significant association with diet diversity. In contrast, it is on-farm production diversity (the field-level cultivation of pulses and on-farm livestock management, and kitchen gardens in the longer run) that is significantly associated with improved dietary diversity scores, thus suggesting the importance of non-staples in improving both individual and household dietary diversity. Furthermore, market purchases of non-staples like pulses and dairy products are associated with a significantly higher dietary diversity. Other significant determinants of dietary diversity include women’s literacy and awareness of nutrition. These results mostly remain robust to changes in the recall period of the diet diversity measure and the nature of the empirical specification. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scarce empirical evidence related to diets in India. Additionally, our results indicate some key intervention areas - promoting livestock rearing, strengthening households’ market integration (for purchase of non-staples) and increasing women’s awareness about nutrition. These are more impactful than raising production diversity.

Trade‐offs between ontogenetic changes and food consumption in Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis from two tropical estuaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre da Gama Fernandes Vieira Júnior ◽  
Diele Emele Pontes Carvalho Lima ◽  
Natalice Santos Sales ◽  
Bianca Freitas Terra ◽  
André Pessanha
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
Trade Offs

Food Consumption in Relation to Farm Production and Income

1947 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Helen C. Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Farm Production

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture: From farm production to food consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yue ◽  
Xiangrui Xu ◽  
Jonathan Hillier ◽  
Kun Cheng ◽  
Genxing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Farm Production

scholarly journals Aquatic Foods and Nutrition in the Pacific

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Anna K. Farmery ◽  
Jessica M. Scott ◽  
Tom D. Brewer ◽  
Hampus Eriksson ◽  
Dirk J. Steenbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Aquatic Food

National rates of aquatic food consumption in Pacific Island Countries and Territories are among the highest in the world, yet the region is suffering from extensive levels of diet-related ill health. The aim of this paper is to examine the variation in consumption patterns and in nutrient composition of aquatic foods in the Pacific, to help improve understanding of their contribution to food and nutrition security. For this examination we analysed nutrient composition data and trade data from two novel region-specific databases, as well as consumption data from national and village level surveys for two Melanesian case studies, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Results demonstrated that consumption depends on availability and the amount and type of aquatic food consumed, and its contribution to nutrition security varies within different geographic and socio-demographic contexts. More data is needed on locally relevant species and consumption patterns, to better inform dietary guidelines and improve public health both now and into the future. Advice on aquatic food consumption must consider the nutrient composition and quantity of products consumed, as well as accessibility through local food systems, to ensure they contribute to diverse and healthy diets.

Evaluating the drivers of banana flowering cycle duration using a stochastic model and on farm production data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lamour ◽  
G. Le Moguédec ◽  
O. Naud ◽  
M. Lechaudel ◽  
J. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiptiwa Sampantamit ◽  
Long Ho ◽  
Wout Van Echelpoel ◽  
Carl Lachat ◽  
Peter Goethals
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The fisheries sector significantly contributes to global food security, nutrition, and livelihood of people. Its importance for economic benefits, healthy diets, and nutrition, and achieving sustainable food systems is highlighted by several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). However, due to unprecedented population levels, the contribution of the fisheries sector to fulfills these roles is challenging, particularly given additional concerns regarding environmental well-being and sustainability. From this perspective, this study aims to identify the links and trade-offs between the development of this sector and the environmental sustainability in Thailand via a critical analysis of their trends, current ecological impacts, and more importantly, their contributions to several individual SDGs. A time-series of Thailand’s fisheries production from 1995 to 2015 indicates a recent reduction from around 3.0 million tons in 1995 to 1.5 million tons in 2015 of wild fish and shellfish from marine and freshwater habitats. The maximum sustainable yield of these species has been exceeded. Conversely, Thailand’s aquaculture production has continued to grow over the last decade, resulting in a reduction of mangrove forest area, wild fish stocks, and water quality. While capture fisheries and aquaculture production significantly contribute to several SDG targets, there are potential trade-offs between their development and the achievement of SDGs within the planet dimension, i.e., SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14, and SDG 15 (Life on Land). On the one hand, the mitigation of overfishing will be beneficial for the targets of SDG 14, leading to more sustainable resource management. On the other hand, it might cause a decrease in the volume of marine catches and economic and social profits. We conclude that the SDGs can serve as a framework for both policymakers and industrial workers to monitor and compromise on regulations that will optimize productivity in the context of sustainable development.

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