scholarly journals McGISH identification and phenotypic description of leaf rust and yellow rust resistant partial amphiploids originating from a wheat × Thinopyrum synthetic hybrid cross

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kruppa ◽  
Edina Türkösi ◽  
Marianna Mayer ◽  
Viola Tóth ◽  
Gyula Vida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Partial Amphiploids ◽  
Hybrid Cross

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

scholarly journals Use of synthetic form Triticum miguschovae Zhir in common wheat breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Davoyan ◽  
◽  
I.V. Bebyakina ◽  
E.R. Davoyan ◽  
V.A. Bibishev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

T. miguschovae (GGAADD) was used as a “genetic bridge” to transfer valuable traits to the common wheat instead T. militina and Ae. tauschii. Lines with resistance to leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew, as well as with high protein content (17–18 %) were selected. The lines with translocation Т2BL.2BS-2GL, 5BS.5BL-5GL, T6BS.6BL-6GL and substitution of chromosomes 1D(1Dt), 4D(4Dt), 5D(5Dt), 6D(6Dt) were identified. DNA analysis revealed that the lines can carry leaf rust resistance genes that are different from the known Lr39 and Lr50. Introgression lines have been successfully used in breeding. Five common winter wheat cultivars are developed.

Pucciniastrum americanum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

Abstract A description is provided for Pucciniastrum americanum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Picea glauca (=P. canadensis), uredia and telia on Rubus idaeus (incl. R. strigosus) and R. leucodermis (raspberries). DISEASE: Needle rust of white spruce. Late leaf rust or late yellow rust of raspberry, infecting canes, leaves, petioles, calyces and fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada and U.S.A. (widely distributed, recorded from British Columbia, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Mass., Md, Me, Montana, North Dakota, New Hamp., New Jersey, Nova Scotia, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia). TRANSMISSION: Although the basidiospores infect Picea glauca (white spruce) (Darker, 1929) in some areas they probably play little part in the life cycle on raspberry since this rust is found on the latter host year after year in regions remote from any spruce trees (Anderson, 1956).

STUDIES ON VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY IN LEAF RUST OF WHEAT, PUCCINIA TRITICINA ERIKSS.

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (5) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Brown ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Physiologic Races

In experiments designed to clarify the causes of the pathogenic changes that have recently been encountered in leaf rust of wheat, two factors were given consideration, (1) the possibility that nuclear exchanges might occur between the mycelia of different races in the uredial stage, and (2) the possible role of Thalictrum species in originating new rust strains. Infection studies with mixtures of races 9 and 15 and mixtures of races 5 and 9 did not produce any evidence that these races could interchange nuclei and thus initiate new pathogenic strains of leaf rust.In greenhouse infection tests with native Thalictrum spp., aecia were produced on T. dasycarpum, pycnia only on T. dioicum and T. polygamum, while no infection of T. venulosum took place. In similar tests with the introduced species T. glaucum and T. dipterocarpum, abundant production of aecia occurred on both species. In out-of-doors inoculation tests with T. dasycarpum and T. venulosum, no infection of these two species took place, whereas, under the same conditions, heavy aecial production occurred on the introduced species T. glaucum.Selfing studies in which Thalictrum glaucum was infected with known physiologic races have indicated that some races of leaf rust are homozygous, and others heterozygous for pathogenic characters. A culture of race 5 appeared to be homozygous, whereas a culture of race 3 was heterozygous, giving rise to races 3, 15, 32, 68, and three undescribed races. A culture of race 76 was heterozygous for both pathogenicity and urediospore color. Aeciospores of this race produced uredia of two different shades of yellow in addition to uredia of normal color. Aeciospores derived from teliospores collected in the field also gave rise to uredial strains of yellow spore color. Most of the yellow rust strains were decidedly low in pathogenic vigor.

scholarly journals Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance: Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadisa Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Breeding for disease resistance is a central focus of plant breeding programs, as any successful variety must have the complete package of high yield, disease resistance, agronomic performance, and end - use quality. Wheat breeding is focused on high yield, pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Among diseases of wheat yellow rust, stem rust, and leaf rust are the most damaging diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals . Disease resistance in wheat breeding with one exception, the diseases of wheat that is important because of their effect on yield. Resistance to all diseases together can is important to avoid an unexpected loss in effectiveness of the resistance of a cu ltivar to a major disease. The genetic resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust can be characterized as qualitative and quantitative resistances. Vertical resistance is specific to pathogen isolates based on single or very few genes. Race - specifi c is used to describe resistance that interacts differentially with pathogen races. Quantitative resistance is defined as resistance that varies in continuous way between the various phenotypes of the host population, from almost imperceptible to quite str ong. With the need to accelerate the development of improved varieties, genomics - assisted breeding is becoming an important tool in breeding programs. With marker - assisted selection, there has been success in breeding for disease resistance. Generally, bre eding programs have successfully implemented molecular markers to assist in the development of cultivars with stem, leaf and stripe rust resistance genes. When new rust resistance genes are to be deployed in wheat breeding programs, it unfortunately takes several years before the new sources of resistance will become available in commercial wheat cultivars. This is due to the long process involved in the establishment of pure breeding wheat lines. Biotechnology based techniques are available to accelerate t he breeding process via doubled haploid production.

Characterization of Yr54 and other genes associated with adult plant resistance to yellow rust and leaf rust in common wheat Quaiu 3

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Basnet ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
A. M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Adult Plant

scholarly journals Assessing the Suitability of Elite Lines for Hybrid Seed Production and as Testers in Wide Crosses With Wheat Genetic Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schneider ◽  
Marcel O. Berkner ◽  
Norman Philipp ◽  
Albert W. Schulthess ◽  
Jochen C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Strategy

The use of genetic resources in breeding is considered critical to ensure future selection gain, but the absence of important adaptation genes often masks the breeding value of genetic resources for grain yield. Testing genetic resources in a hybrid background has been proposed as a solution to obtain unbiased estimates of breeding values for grain yield. In our study, we evaluated the suitability of European wheat elite lines for implementing this hybrid strategy, focusing on maximizing seed yield in hybrid production and reducing masking effects due to susceptibility to lodging, yellow rust, and leaf rust of genetic resources. Over a 3-year period, 63 wheat elite female lines were crossed with eight male plant genetic resources in a multi-environment field experiment to evaluate seed yield on the female side. Then, the resulting hybrids and their parents were tested for plant height, lodging, and susceptibility to yellow rust and leaf rust in a further field experiment at multiple locations. We found that seed yield was strongly influenced by the elite wheat line choice in addition to environment and observed substantial differences among elite tester lines in their ability to reduce susceptibility to lodging, yellow rust, and leaf rust when the hybrid strategy was implemented. Consequently, breeders can significantly increase the amount of hybrid seed produced in wide crosses through appropriate tester choice and adapt genetic resources of wheat with the hybrid strategy to the modern cropping system.

scholarly journals The development and study of common wheat introgression lines derived from the synthetic form RS7

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-835
Author(s):  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
I. V. Bebyakina ◽  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
D. S. Mikov ◽  
Yu. S. Zubanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
First Time

Synthetic recombination form RS7 (BBAAUS), in which the first two genomes, A and B, originate from common wheat, and the third recombinant genome consists of Aegilops speltoides (S) and Ae. umbellulata (U) chromosomes, was obtained from crossing synthetic forms Avrodes (BBAASS) and Avrolata (BBAAUU). Resistant to leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew, introgression lines have been obtained from backcrosses with the susceptible varieties of common wheat Krasnodarskaya 99, Fisht and Rostislav. PCR analysis showed the presence of amplification fragments with marker SCS421 specific for the Lr28 gene in the line 4991n17. The cytological study (С-banding and FISH) of 14 lines has revealed chromosomal modifications in 12 of them. In most cases, the lines carry translocations from Ae. speltoides, which were identified in chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3D, 2B, 4B, 5B and 7B. Also, lines with the substituted chromosomes 1S (1B), 4D (4S), 5D (5S) and 7D (7S) were identified. Lines that have genetic material from Ae. speltoides and Ae umbellulata at once were revealed. In the line 3379n14, translocations in the short arm of chromosome 7D from Ae. umbellulata and chromosomes 5BL, 1DL, 2DL from Ae. speltoides were revealed. The line 4626p16 presumably has a translocation on the long arm of chromosome 2D from Ae. umbellulata and the T7SS.7SL-7DL translocation from Ae. speltoides. The T1DS.1DL-1SL and T3DS.3DL-3SL translocations from Ae. speltoides, and T2DS.2DL-2UL and T7DL.7DS-7US from Ae. umbellulata have been obtained for the first time. These lines may carry previously unidentified disease resistance genes and, in particular, leaf rust resistance genes from Ae. speltoides and Ae. umbellulata.

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