scholarly journals Atmospheric emission inventory of cadmium from anthropogenic sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cheng ◽  
H. Z. Tian ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
L. Lu ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Emission

scholarly journals Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Zhonggen Li ◽  
Yiming Huang ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qingfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Atmospheric Emission ◽  
Clinker Production

Atmospheric emission of heavy metals from different anthropogenic sources is a great concern to human beings due to their toxicities. In order to disclose the emission levels and the distribution patterns of zinc (Zn) in the modern cement industry with respect to its low boiling point (~900 °C) comparing to the high-temperature (1450 °C) clinker production process, solid samples representing the input and output flow of Zn during the entire production process in two preheater–precalciner cement plants (CPs) were collected and analyzed. For the first time, it was found that the behaviour of Zn inside different precalciner CPs was similar despite a huge difference in the Zn inputs to the CPs; namely, almost all the Zn input was output in clinker, which was then mixed with different additives and retarder to make cement products. The high-temperature clinkerisation process would incorporate Zn into the aluminosilicate of clinker. As a result, there was no enrichment of Zn during clinker production and the atmospheric emission factor was relatively low at 0.002%, or 1.28–9.39 mg Zn·t−1 clinker. Our result for the atmospheric Zn emissions from CPs was much lower than most previous reports, implying the CPs were not a crucial Zn emission source. However, the higher load of Zn in some raw/alternative materials—like nonferrous smelting slag with a Zn content of ~2%—could greatly increase the content of Zn in clinker and cement products. Therefore, further investigation on the environmental stability of Zn in such Zn-laden cement and concrete should be carried out.

Emission inventory of carbonyl sulfide (COS) from primary anthropogenic sources in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Rumei Li ◽  
Lin Peng ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Chenglong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

scholarly journals Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3.1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kurokawa ◽  
Toshimasa Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Gridded Data ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Republic

Abstract. A long-term historical emission inventory of air and climate pollutants in East, Southeast, and South Asia from 1950–2015 was developed as the Regional Emission inventory in ASia version 3.1 (REASv3.1). REASv3.1 provides details of emissions from major anthropogenic sources for each country and its sub-regions and also provides monthly gridded data with 0.25° × 0.25° resolution. The average total emissions in Asia during 1950–1955 and from 2010–2015 (growth rates in these 60 years) are as follows: SO2: 3.15 Tg, 42.4 Tg (13.5); NOx: 1.83 Tg, 47.6 Tg (26.0); CO: 62.2 Tg, 319 Tg (5.13); non-methane volatile organic compounds: 9.14 Tg, 61.8 Tg (6.77); NH3: 7.99 Tg, 31.3 Tg (3.92); CO2: 1.12 Pg, 18.3 Pg (16.3); PM10: 5.76 Tg, 28.4 Tg (4.92); PM2.5: 4.52 Tg, 20.3 Tg (4.50); black carbon: 0.751 Tg, 3.38 Tg (4.51); and organic carbon: 2.62 Tg, 6.92 Tg (2.64). Clearly, all the air pollutant emissions in Asia increased significantly during these six decades, but situations were different among countries and regions. Due to China's rapid economic growth in recent years, its relative contribution to emissions in Asia has been the largest. However, most pollutant species reached their peaks by 2015 and the growth rates of other species was found to be reduced or almost zero. On the other hand, air pollutant emissions from India showed an almost continuous increasing trend. As a result, the relative ratio of emissions of India to that of Asia have increased recently. The trend observed in Japan was different from the rest of Asia. In Japan, emissions increased rapidly during 1950s–1970s, which reflected the economic situation of the period; however, most emissions decreased from their peak values, which were approximately 40 years ago, due to the introduction of regulations and laws for air pollution. Similar features were found in the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. In the case of other Asian countries, air pollutant emissions generally showed an increase along with economic growth and motorization. Trends and spatial distribution of air pollutants in Asia are becoming complicated. Datasets of REASv3.1, including table of emissions by countries and sub-regions for major sectors and fuel types, and monthly gridded data with 0.25° × 0.25° resolution for major source categories are available through the following URL: http://www.nies.go.jp/REAS/.

scholarly journals Gridded atmospheric emission inventory of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Chongguo Tian ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Yi-Fan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Emission

scholarly journals PAPILA dataset: a regional emission inventory of reactive gases for South America based on the combination of local and global information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Castesana ◽  
Melisa Diaz Resquin ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus ◽  
Enrique Puliafito ◽  
Sabine Darras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
South America ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
South American ◽  
Local Data

Abstract. The multidisciplinary project Prediction of Air Pollution in Latin America and the Caribbean (PAPILA) is dedicated to the development and implementation of an air quality analysis and forecasting system to assess pollution impacts on human health and economy. In this context, a comprehensive emission inventory for South America was developed on the basis of the existing data on the global dataset CAMS-GLOB-ANT v4.1 (developed by joining CEDS trends and EDGARv4.3.2 historical data), enriching it with derived data from locally available emission inventories for Argentina, Chile and Colombia. This work presents the results of the first joint effort of South American researchers and European colleagues to generate regional maps of emissions, together with a methodological approach to continue incorporating information into future versions of the dataset. This version of the PAPILA dataset includes CO, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3 and SO2 annual emissions from anthropogenic sources for the period 2014–2016, with a spatial resolution of 0.1° x 0.1° over a domain that covers 32°–120° W and 34°N–58°S. PAPILA dataset is presented as netCDF4 files and is available in an open access data repository under a CC-BY 4 license: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btf2mz4fhf.2. A comparative assessment of PAPILA-CAMS datasets was carried out for (i) the South American region, (ii) the countries with local data (Argentina, Colombia and Chile), and (iii) downscaled emission maps for urban domains with different environmental and anthropogenic factors. Relevant differences were obtained both at country and urban level for all the compounds analysed. Among them, we found that when comparing total emissions of PAPILA versus CAMS datasets at the national level, higher levels of NOx and considerably lower of the other species were obtained for Argentina, higher levels of SO2 and lower of CO and NOx for Colombia, and considerably higher levels CO, NMVOCs and SO2 for Chile. These discrepancies are mainly related to the representativeness of the local practices in the local emissions estimates, to the improvements made in the spatial distribution of the locally estimated emissions, or both. Both datasets were evaluated relative to surface concentrations of CO and NOx by using them as input data to the WRF-Chem model for one of the analysed domains, the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, for summer and winter of 2015. For winter, PAPILA-based results had lower bias for CO and NOx concentrations, for which CAMS-based results tended to be underestimated. Both inventories exhibited similar performances for CO in summer, while PAPILA simulation outperformed NOx concentrations. These results highlight the importance of refining global inventories with local data to obtain accurate results with high-resolution air quality models.

scholarly journals Wildfires in Northern Eurasia affect the budget of black carbon in the Arctic. A 12-year retrospective synopsis (2002–2013).

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Evangeliou ◽  
Y. Balkanski ◽  
W. M. Hao ◽  
A. Petkov ◽  
R. P. Silverstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Vegetation Fires

Abstract. In recent decades much attention has been given to the Arctic environment, where climate change is happening rapidly. Black carbon (BC) has been shown to be a major component of Arctic pollution that also affects the radiative balance. In the present study, we focused on how vegetation fires that occurred in Northern Eurasia during the period of 2002–2013 influenced the budget of BC in the Arctic. For simulating the transport of fire emissions from Northern Eurasia to the Arctic, we adopted BC fire emission estimates developed independently by GFED3 (Global Fire Emissions Database) and FEI-NE (Fire Emission Inventory – Northern Eurasia). Both datasets were based on fire locations and burned areas detected by MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Terra and Aqua satellites. Anthropogenic sources of BC were estimated using the MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition & Climate/megaCITY – Zoom for the ENvironment) emission inventory. During the 12-year period, an average area of 250,000 km2 yr−1 was burned in Northern Eurasia and the global emissions of BC ranged between 8.0 and 9.5 Tg yr−1. For the BC emitted in the Northern Hemisphere, about 70 % originated from anthropogenic sources and the rest from biomass burning (BB). Using the FEI-NE inventory, we found that 102 ± 29 kt yr−1 BC from biomass burning was deposited on the Arctic (defined here as the area north of 67º N) during the 12 years simulated, which was twice as much as when using MACCity inventory (56 ± 8 kt yr−1). The annual mass of BC deposited in the Arctic from all sources (FEI-NE in Northern Eurasia, MACCity elsewhere) is significantly higher by about 37 % in 2009 to 181 % in 2012, compared to the BC deposited using just the MACCity emission inventory. Deposition of BC in the Arctic from BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere thus represents 68 % of the BC deposited from all BC sources (the remaining being due to anthropogenic sources). Northern Eurasian vegetation fires (FEI-NE) contributed 85 % (79–91 %) to the BC deposited over the Arctic from all BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere. Arctic total BC burden showed strong seasonal variations, with highest values during the Arctic Haze season. High winter–spring values of BC burden were caused by transport of BC mainly from anthropogenic sources in Europe, whereas the peak in summer was mainly due to the fire emissions in Northern Eurasia. BC particles emitted from fires in lower latitudes (35° N–40° N) were found to remain the longest in the atmosphere due to the high release altitudes of smoke plumes, exhibit tropospheric transport resulting in a high summer peak of burden, and grow by condensation processes. In regards to the geographic contribution on the deposition of BC, we estimated that about 46 % of the BC deposited over the Arctic from vegetation fires in Northern Eurasia originated from Siberia, 6 % from Kazakhstan, 5 % from Europe, and about 1 % from Mongolia. The remaining 42 % originated from other areas in Northern Eurasia. For spring and summer, we computed that 42 % of the BC released from Northern Eurasian vegetation fires was deposited over the Arctic (annual average: 17 %). Vegetation fires in Northern Eurasia contributed to 14 % to 57 % of BC surface concentrations at the Arctic stations (Alert, Barrow, Zeppelin, Villum, and Tiksi), with fires in Siberia contributing the largest share. However, anthropogenic sources in the Northern Hemisphere remain essential, contributing 29 % to 54 % to the surface concentrations at the Arctic monitoring stations. The rest originated from North American fires.

scholarly journals An emission inventory of sulfur from anthropogenic sources in Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3397-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Shirsat ◽  
H. F. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Local Pollution

Abstract. This paper presents first results of a comprehensive emission inventory of chemical species from anthropogenic activities (power generation, vehicles, ships and aircraft) in Antarctica, covering the 2004–2005 period. The inventory is based on estimated emission rates of fuel consumption provided by some of the Antarctic research stations. Since the emission sources have different modes of operation and use a variety of fuel, the emission flux rate of chemical species is calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption value with the density of fuel and appropriate emission factors. A separate inventory is prepared for each anthropogenic emission source in Antarctica. Depending on the type of operation, emission rates of SO2, and BC (Black Carbon, from shipping only) have been calculated using the above technique. However, only results of SO2 emissions from each source are presented here. Emission inventory maps of SO2 depicting the track/path taken by each mobile source are shown. The total annual SO2 is 158 Mg from power generation and vehicle operations, 3873 Mg from ships and 56 Mg from aircraft for 2004–2005 and these values undergo strong seasonality following the human activity in Antarctica. Though these figures are small when compared to the emissions at most other regions of the world, they are an indication that human presence in Antarctica leads to at least local pollution. The sources are mainly line and point sources and thus the local pollution potentially is relatively strong.

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