Impact Assessment of Fertilizers and AM Fungi on Biomass Production of Jatropha curcas Under Alkali Soil Conditions

Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros Glomus, Entrophospora y Gigaspora. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género Glomusen raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas. Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (Zea mays) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatmentsA study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from Glomus, Entrophospora and Gigaspora. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the Glomus genera in highly colonized maize roots.

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Restoration after bush control in selected rangeland areas of semi-arid savannas in South Africa

Bothalia ◽

10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Kellner ◽

Reletile T. Mangani ◽

Tshegofatso J.K. Sebitloane ◽

Johannes G. Chirima ◽

Nadine Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Local Communities ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

Knee Height ◽

Grass Biomass ◽

Restoration Method

Background: One of the main causes of land degradation in South Africa is bush thickening (BT) of mainly Senegalia or Vachellia species. Restoration methods are required to control BT, and to improve grass biomass production and soil conditions in South Africa.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of brush packing (BP) as a restoration method to increase grass biomass production, assess soil moisture after BP on different soil types, and document the perceptions of the local communities towards BP.Method: Methods included cutting the stems of woodies with a diameter of at least 10 cm at knee height by chainsaw and manual clipping after which an arborocide was applied to the stumps. A neutron probe was used to measure volumetric moisture content at two different soil depths. The grass biomass was analysed using ANOVA at a confidence level of 95%. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to gather information about the perceptions of local communities towards restoration in group discussions.Results: The short-term data showed that the implementation of BP as restoration method increased grass biomass production. The soil texture influenced the volumetric soil moisture. Higher soil moisture content was found in the deeper clayey soils. The local participants’ interpretation towards the restoration project was positive.Conclusion: The project increased the grazing potential and contributed to job creation to improve the well-being of the people in the community.

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Performance and Establishment of a Commercial Mycorrhizal Inoculant in Viticulture

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 539

Author(s):

Daniel Rosa ◽

Antreas Pogiatzis ◽

Pat Bowen ◽

Vasilis Kokkoris ◽

Andrew Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Future Research ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

One Year ◽

Symbiotic Organisms

(1) Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are symbiotic organisms that help plants acquire nutrients from the soil in exchange for photosynthetic carbon. Commercial AM fungal inoculants are widely available and are used extensively in agriculture including wine grape production. However, positive growth responses from inoculants are more consistent in the greenhouse compared to the field. (2) Methods: We grew three grapevine rootstocks with and without an AM fungal inoculant in the greenhouse for one year, then they were transplanted to the field for two years. To quantify the establishment of the inoculant, we analyzed root samples with a digital PCR assay. (3) Results: We show that AM fungal inoculation increased biomass production only in the greenhouse. After two growing seasons in the field, the commercial inoculant colonized roots but did not increase biomass production compared to uninoculated rootstocks. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights that AM fungal inoculants do not always promote growth of grapevines in the field. Future research should focus on inoculant strains designed for viticulture applications and take rootstock into consideration to maximize their efficacy.

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Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi and Salinity on Seedling Growth, Solute Accumulation, and Mycorrhizal Dependency of Jatropha curcas L.

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-009-9136-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Satyawati Sharma ◽

Saroj Mishra

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Solute Accumulation

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Determination of the Economic Viability & Technical Feasibility of Commercial Jatropha Curcas Production for Generation of Jatropha oil as Bio-Fuel Feedstock from Wasteland: Final Technical Report on Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Jatropha Cultivation

10.2172/1320736 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Arup Ghosh ◽

Jitendra Chikara ◽

Candace Wheeler

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Jatropha Oil ◽

Technical Feasibility ◽

Technical Report ◽

Life Cycle Impact

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Dynamics of Spring Regrowth and Comparative Production Performance of 50 Autumn-Sown Alfalfa Cultivars in the Coastal Saline Soil of North China

Life ◽

10.3390/life11121436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1436

Author(s):

Shichao Wang ◽

Dong Fang ◽

Asif Ameen ◽

Xiaolin Li ◽

Kai Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Plant Height ◽

North China ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Production Performance ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Alkali Soil ◽

Canopy Area ◽

Rainfed Conditions

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production is affected by many factors, including management practices, soil conditions, and the environmental elements of the target area. Varietal differences, in terms of agronomic performance and forage yield, among 50 alfalfa cultivars under six harvest systems following regrowth were evaluated during the growing season of 2019–2020 under non-irrigated rainfed conditions in a coastal saline-alkali soil region of North China. Days to harvesting, plant height, canopy area, growth rate, and forage yield were assessed to rank the cultivars. Furthermore, the key factor influencing the regrowth of the second year after over-wintering was identified based on the growth status before over-wintering by using the Boston Matrix method. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among cultivars and harvests regarding plant height, canopy area, and forage yield. Alfalfa forage yield ranged between 24.2 t ha−1 yr−1 and 32.7 t ha−1 yr−1. The highest forage yield was obtained in cultivar Guochan No.1, and was lowest in cultivar Magnum 601. Forage yield reached the greatest values for the first harvest, and then decreased gradually and changed stably. The forage yield of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth harvest ranged from 3.4 t ha−1 to 4.3 t ha−1 (averaged across 50 cultivars), which represented 10.8% to 15.2% of the annual total forage production. We also observed that forage yield correlated strongly, but negatively, with the growth rate. According to subordinate function value analysis, Womu No.1, WL440HQ, Weston, Surprise, and WL354HQ proved optimum cultivars for general cultivation in this coastal area. In future, development of alfalfa cultivars with improved regrowth and tolerance to heavy saline-alkali soil and early spring drought would be necessary to increase forage yield under rainfed conditions in coastal saline-alkali areas of North China.

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Biomass Production of Jatropha curcas L., a Comparison

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9603 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

LB Banu ◽

MN Uddin ◽

MN Begum

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Field Condition ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Paper Analysis ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Average Biomass ◽

One Year

Height, weight of wood, vegetative growth rates in field and pot condition and a comparison of biomass of Jatropha curcas L. by using fertilizer and without fertilizer were studied. Results showed that although survival rate in pot condition was higher (58.06%) than that of field condition (49.14%), other biomass parameters were better in field condition. Average biomass of plants (dry weight) in pot condition was 62.09 g, and it was 209.28 g in field condition after one year. Associations among the parameters of biomass growth of the plant also studied here to show how the rate of change of length and diameter of stem, number of branches are interrelated in overall vegetative growth. Fertilizers used in the process of cultivation of J. curcas, better yield in terms of biomass production could be obtained than the condition where no fertilizer was used. Here on an average biomass of plants was 291.25 g without fertilizer and it was 683.75 g when fertilizers had been used. The extent of differences in all conditions are analyzed in the paper. Analysis and findings of this study might help to get information on better cultivation of J. curcas for mass production of this plant. Key words: Jatropha curcas L.; Vegetative growth; Biomass production; Fertilizer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9603 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 533-538

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