scholarly journals Health risk assessment of selected metals through tap water consumption in Upper Silesia, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1607-1614
Author(s):  
Rajmund Michalski ◽  
Paulina Pecyna-Utylska ◽  
Joanna Kernert ◽  
Katarzyna Grygoyć ◽  
Justyna Klyta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Carcinogenic Metals

AbstractThe research focused on assessing the risk to human health resulting from the content of selected Cr, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Zn and Sr metals in tap water supplied by Upper Silesia Water Plant to the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia region (Poland). It is the main supplier of drinking water to several million inhabitants of this agglomeration. Samples were taken and analyzed quarterly in 2019. The sampling points were chosen to help identify the source when an elevated level of a particular contaminant is observed. ICP-MS and ICP-OES have been used to measure the concentrations of those elements. The chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) results for non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metals in tap water has been assessed. CDI values of non-carcinogenic metals were higher in children than in adults; the CDI values for adults and children were found in the order of: Zn > Sr > Cu > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cr > Co > As. All the studied metals had HQ values below 1, the risks caused by the non-carcinogenic metals decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Co > As > Sr > Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn. HI values were also less than 1, that meaning that the analyzed tap water is safe for human consumption. The concentration of As, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni in analyzed tap water is in accordance with Polish and international requirements.

Heavy metal and essential elements in beers from turkey market: A risk assessment study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199321
Author(s):  
M Charehsaz ◽  
S Helvacıoğlu ◽  
S Çetinkaya ◽  
R Demir ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

In this study, the level of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and also essential elements in beer samples consumed in Turkey were investigated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The heavy metal-induced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. For essential elements, the calculated estimated daily intake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) from beer consumption were compared with their toxicity reference values. Tukey post-hoc test showed that As was found at a significantly higher level when compared to Pb. Also, a significant correlation was found between As level and alcohol by volume percent. All samples had a hazard quotient and hazard index <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to single or multiple heavy metals. Some samples exceeded the threshold limit of acceptable cancer risk for As in the high beer consumer group. This assessment showed that in addition to health implications based on the alcohol content of beer, there might be a carcinogenic risk associated with the heavy metals content of these beverages.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring and Subsequent Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Phthalates in Iranian Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Zare Jeddi ◽  
Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji ◽  
Ivonne Rietjens ◽  
Jochem Louisse ◽  
Yuri Bruinen de Bruin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Iranian Children

This study aimed to estimate the exposure and related health risks of phthalates, and to assess the health risks from combined exposure to three of the phthalates sharing the same mode of action (anti-androgenicity) in children. We determined the internal exposure of 56 Iranian children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years by analyzing seven urinary metabolites of five phthalates. The estimated daily intake values derived from the biomonitoring data ranged from 0.01 µg/kg bw/day for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), to 17.85 µg/kg bw/day for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The risk assessment revealed that not only the exposure to the individual phthalates, but also the combined exposure to the three anti-androgenic phthalates (DEHP, DBP, BBP) did not raise a safety concern (hazard index values averaged 0.2). The range of maximum cumulative ratio values varied from around 1 for most individuals to around 2 in some individuals, indicating that the combined exposures were dominated by one and in some cases by two of the three anti-androgenic phthalates, especially dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and/or DEHP. Based on biomonitoring data, the overall combined exposure of Iranian children to phthalates does not raise a concern, while reduction of exposure is best focused on DEHP and DBP that showed the highest hazard quotient.

Contents and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Marine Invertebrates from Korean Coastal Fish Markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG SOO MOK ◽  
JI YOUNG KWON ◽  
KWANG TAE SON ◽  
WOO SEOK CHOI ◽  
SUNG RIM KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Consumer Safety

The concentrations of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium, silver, nickel, copper, and zinc in the edible portions of 105 marine invertebrates representing 16 mollusk and crustacean species were accurately determined to evaluate their hazard for human consumption. The samples were collected in 2011 from major fish markets on the coast of Korea and analyzed for Hg using a direct Hg analyzer and for other metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Estimated dietary exposure (EDE) was determined, and a risk assessment was made of the heavy metals to provide information concerning consumer safety. The Cd concentrations, which were the highest for the three hazardous metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb), were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the bivalves and crabs than in the gastropods and cephalopods. However, the concentrations of these metals in all samples were within the regulatory limits set by Korea and other countries. The EDE was compared with the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) adopted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EDE of Cd, Hg, and Pb for each class of marine invertebrate were 0.07 to 2.64, 0.01 to 0.43, and 0.001 to 0.16% of the PTDI, respectively. The total EDE of Cd, Hg, and Pb for marine invertebrates accounted for 4.03, 0.96, and 0.21%, respectively, of the PTDI. The EDE of other metals in each class of marine invertebrate was less than 2% of the PTDI. The hazard index is a reasonable parameter for assessing the risk of heavy metal consumption associated with contaminated food. In the present study, the hazard index for all of the species was less than 1.0, which indicates that the intake of heavy metals from consumption of these marine invertebrates does not represent an appreciable hazard to humans.

scholarly journals Preliminary Health Risk Assessment in Relation to Some Trace Elements in Ogunpa River, South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Average Value

Ogunpa River receives municipal and industrial waste discharge from its catchments and these have depleted the quality of the water. Hence, this research examines the preliminary environmental impacts and health implications of some trace elements in the water using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) laboratory technique. Average values of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb are above the recommended limits of WHO. The CF showed that the trace elements varied from considerable contamination factor to very high contamination factor and the degree of contamination varied from 1023 to 11640. The hazard quotient computed for the adults is generally less than unity except Pb that has average value of 1.27. In children, the computed hazard quotient on the average ranges from 0.000572 to 4.04. Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd have their average values less than unity respectively, while Fe, Mn and Pb has their average values greater than one. The Hazard Index (HI) in adults and children are greater than one. Carcinogenic risk assessment was computed for Cr, Pb and Cd which was greater than 10-6 in children and adult. Only Cd in adult was less than the prescribed limit of 10-6. Effort should be made to checkmate indiscriminate dumping of refuse and sewages into the water body as these could serve as pollutants to other adjourning rivers and main water bodies. In conclusion, the water is not fit for domestic, agricultural and probably industrial uses because of its health implications on consumption

scholarly journals Health risk assessment by trace elements in an aquatic system in midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e398101019037
Author(s):  
Raylane Pereira Gomes ◽  
Thais Reis Oliveira ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Gama ◽  
Fernando Santos Lima ◽  
José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Daily Dose

Water is an important asset for the maintenance of life and socioeconomic development. Aquatic environments have been anthropized, receiving a large polluting load, mainly from trace elements.This study investigates the occurrence of health risks caused by 15 trace elements in the surface water of João Leite stream. Health risk indices were evaluated as average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index and carcinogenic risk. The risk analysis to human health of the stream João Leite water, indicated that the ADDingestion for the adults had the highest for Fe 1.86E-00 µg/kg/day and lower value for Be 8.0E-05 µg/kg/day. On the other hand, of ADDdermal the highest value was for Fe 5.02E-02 µg/kg/day and, the smallest for Sb 1.54E-05 µg/kg/day. For children to ADDingestion obtained was obtained the highest Fe value 2.60E-00 µg/kg/day and smaller for Be 1.12E-04 µg/kg/day. For ADDdermal the highest value was for Fe 8.58E-02 µg/kg/day and smaller for Sb 2.64E-05 µg/kg/day. HQ for adults ranged from 1.61E-05 to 2.97E-01 for HQingestion and 7.71E-06 to 1.01E-01 for HQdermal. For children 2.25E-05 to 3.74E-01 for HQingestion and 1.32E-05 to 1.73E-01 for HQdermal. The health risk assessment showed that for children, the trace elements present in water have a potentially adverse effect on non-carcinogenic health. The carcinogenic risks were unacceptable for both children and adults. Thus, it is recommended that the use of these waters be limited and that measures be taken to minimize pollution by trace elements.

Concentrations and related health risk assessment of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals in strawberry from Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-ce Shao ◽  
Yang-yang Zang ◽  
Hai-yao Ma ◽  
Ye Ling ◽  
Zhen-peng Kai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Pesticides Residues

In the present study, a risk assessment of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals in strawberries (n = 335) in recent years was conducted by determining the out estimate dietary intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) . 128 Pesticides, 18 phthalates and 3 heavy metals were determined in this determination. 51 pesticide residues were detected in the strawberry samples, and 97.91% samples had levels of at least one of the 51 pesticides above the LOD (limit of detection). 2.39% of samples had pesticides higher than the Chinese MRL. Multiple pesticides residues were detected in most samples. Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were detected in the strawberry samples with high frequency of detection. Their detectable rates were 100, 100 and 89.9%, respectively. Most of the samples were detected lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) with the detectable rates 75.76, 92.93 and 92.93%, respectively. Estimated daily intake of analyzed pesticide, phthalate and heavy metal residues appear to be relatively low compared to the ADI. The average THQs and HI were less than one. That means the customers who are exposed to the average contaminants levels may not pose significant health risk. Our results show that the strawberries may be polluted by many kinds of contaminants. Therefore, monitoring of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metal residues in strawberries should be increasingly developed in order to fully protect the health of the consumer.

scholarly journals Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Karami ◽  
Yadollah Fakhri ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania ◽  
Abdol Azim Alinejad ◽  
Ali Akbar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Fluoride Exposure

Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21–72 years) and children (0–11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21–72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.

scholarly journals Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of groundwater in South Gobi, Mongolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koyomi Nakazawa ◽  
Osamu Nagafuchi ◽  
Kanji Okano ◽  
Ken'ichi Osaka ◽  
Etsuji Hamabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Sheep Wool

Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Tavan Tolgoi and Oyu Tolgoi mines in Mongolia and at a relatively pristine site in northern Mongolia during August to September 2013, and analyzed for the concentrations of F−, NO3−, Hg, As, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb. A probabilistic risk assessment found that &gt;95% of the population in the areas was at risk from drinking well water. The hazard index (HI) was &gt;1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk to human health. At Oyu Tolgoi, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the As concentration (mean 6.63 μg/L) was &gt;1. At the northern site, the 95th percentile HQ was &lt;1 but the 95th percentile HI was &gt;1. The ratios of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes indicated that NO3− contamination of groundwater at Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi was caused by livestock waste. Mercury accumulation in livestock was examined from concentrations in livestock forage and in hair and wool samples from livestock in the South Gobi region. Sheep wool had the same level of mercury as in Japan, but camel, horse, and goat hair had high levels.

scholarly journals Preliminary Health Risk Assessment of Water from Asa River, Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Adults And Children

This study was carried out to establish health impacts of some trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Asa-river, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer technique for the chemical analysis. Laboratory results show that Al, Fe and Mn average concentrations are higher than prescribed limits unlike others. The Contamination Indexes reveal that the elements are heavily loaded in the water. The exposure dose in both adults and children ranges from 0.021 in As to 181 in Fe (in adults) and from 0.068 in As to 576 in Fe (in children). The average Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults and children are generally lower than one except Mn that has average value greater than one in both age groups. However, for children, individual HQ in Fe in some of the locations are >1. The Hazard Index (HI)for adults and children ranged from low to high. The average values of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) are generally <1. However, in children, values for Fe in some locations are >1. The average Carcinogenic Risk (CR) of Cr and Pb computed for adults and children indicated that the values are greater than the risk limit of 10-6 and 10-4. This could result in potential health risk to the consumers. The sources of these trace elements are largely from various anthropogenic activities and slightly from weathering of rocks in the study area. It is recommended that adequate and well monitored precautions need to be taken to safeguard the health of the consumers especially the children with low immunity.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr in Drinking Water in some Wells and Springs of Shush and Andimeshk, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sakizadeh ◽  
◽  
Rouhollah Mirzaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Geostatistical Methods

Background: In the current study,the hazard quotient, the hazard index (HI) and spatial variations of Fe,Mn,Cu and Cr in drinking water sources of Andimesk-Shush, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iranaquifer were assessed. Methods: We compared theconcentrations of aforementioned heavy metals in wells and springs inAndimeshk and Shush regions. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals was implemented usingUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) index.The spatial maps in the area were developed by geostatistical methods. Results: Mean concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater sources of the study area in decreasing order was as follows: Cu >Mn> Fe> Cr. Except for iron,mean heavy metal concentrations were higher than the standard levels. Manganese concentration in 41.5% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits. Copper was higher than the safety limit in 74% of the samples, and chromium in 54% of the cases. The spatial pattern of heavy metals concentrations indicated higher concentrations in the southern parts of the region. The mean hazard quotients of most samples for the four heavy metals were lower than one, indicating that there was no immediate threat due to the exposure to these heavy metals. The calculated accumulated hazards of these heavy metals produced different results, with hazard indices of higher than one. Conclusion: The accumulated hazard indicesfor the evaluated metals were higher than one, indicating that chronic ingestion of these waters threatens the health of local consumers on the long run.

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