scholarly journals Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of groundwater in South Gobi, Mongolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koyomi Nakazawa ◽  
Osamu Nagafuchi ◽  
Kanji Okano ◽  
Ken'ichi Osaka ◽  
Etsuji Hamabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Sheep Wool

Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Tavan Tolgoi and Oyu Tolgoi mines in Mongolia and at a relatively pristine site in northern Mongolia during August to September 2013, and analyzed for the concentrations of F−, NO3−, Hg, As, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb. A probabilistic risk assessment found that >95% of the population in the areas was at risk from drinking well water. The hazard index (HI) was >1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk to human health. At Oyu Tolgoi, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the As concentration (mean 6.63 μg/L) was >1. At the northern site, the 95th percentile HQ was <1 but the 95th percentile HI was >1. The ratios of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes indicated that NO3− contamination of groundwater at Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi was caused by livestock waste. Mercury accumulation in livestock was examined from concentrations in livestock forage and in hair and wool samples from livestock in the South Gobi region. Sheep wool had the same level of mercury as in Japan, but camel, horse, and goat hair had high levels.

scholarly journals Preliminary Health Risk Assessment in Relation to Some Trace Elements in Ogunpa River, South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Average Value

Ogunpa River receives municipal and industrial waste discharge from its catchments and these have depleted the quality of the water. Hence, this research examines the preliminary environmental impacts and health implications of some trace elements in the water using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) laboratory technique. Average values of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb are above the recommended limits of WHO. The CF showed that the trace elements varied from considerable contamination factor to very high contamination factor and the degree of contamination varied from 1023 to 11640. The hazard quotient computed for the adults is generally less than unity except Pb that has average value of 1.27. In children, the computed hazard quotient on the average ranges from 0.000572 to 4.04. Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd have their average values less than unity respectively, while Fe, Mn and Pb has their average values greater than one. The Hazard Index (HI) in adults and children are greater than one. Carcinogenic risk assessment was computed for Cr, Pb and Cd which was greater than 10-6 in children and adult. Only Cd in adult was less than the prescribed limit of 10-6. Effort should be made to checkmate indiscriminate dumping of refuse and sewages into the water body as these could serve as pollutants to other adjourning rivers and main water bodies. In conclusion, the water is not fit for domestic, agricultural and probably industrial uses because of its health implications on consumption

scholarly journals Health risk assessment by trace elements in an aquatic system in midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e398101019037
Author(s):  
Raylane Pereira Gomes ◽  
Thais Reis Oliveira ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Gama ◽  
Fernando Santos Lima ◽  
José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Daily Dose

Water is an important asset for the maintenance of life and socioeconomic development. Aquatic environments have been anthropized, receiving a large polluting load, mainly from trace elements.This study investigates the occurrence of health risks caused by 15 trace elements in the surface water of João Leite stream. Health risk indices were evaluated as average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index and carcinogenic risk. The risk analysis to human health of the stream João Leite water, indicated that the ADDingestion for the adults had the highest for Fe 1.86E-00 µg/kg/day and lower value for Be 8.0E-05 µg/kg/day. On the other hand, of ADDdermal the highest value was for Fe 5.02E-02 µg/kg/day and, the smallest for Sb 1.54E-05 µg/kg/day. For children to ADDingestion obtained was obtained the highest Fe value 2.60E-00 µg/kg/day and smaller for Be 1.12E-04 µg/kg/day. For ADDdermal the highest value was for Fe 8.58E-02 µg/kg/day and smaller for Sb 2.64E-05 µg/kg/day. HQ for adults ranged from 1.61E-05 to 2.97E-01 for HQingestion and 7.71E-06 to 1.01E-01 for HQdermal. For children 2.25E-05 to 3.74E-01 for HQingestion and 1.32E-05 to 1.73E-01 for HQdermal. The health risk assessment showed that for children, the trace elements present in water have a potentially adverse effect on non-carcinogenic health. The carcinogenic risks were unacceptable for both children and adults. Thus, it is recommended that the use of these waters be limited and that measures be taken to minimize pollution by trace elements.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr in Drinking Water in some Wells and Springs of Shush and Andimeshk, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sakizadeh ◽  
◽  
Rouhollah Mirzaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Geostatistical Methods

Background: In the current study,the hazard quotient, the hazard index (HI) and spatial variations of Fe,Mn,Cu and Cr in drinking water sources of Andimesk-Shush, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iranaquifer were assessed. Methods: We compared theconcentrations of aforementioned heavy metals in wells and springs inAndimeshk and Shush regions. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals was implemented usingUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) index.The spatial maps in the area were developed by geostatistical methods. Results: Mean concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater sources of the study area in decreasing order was as follows: Cu >Mn> Fe> Cr. Except for iron,mean heavy metal concentrations were higher than the standard levels. Manganese concentration in 41.5% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits. Copper was higher than the safety limit in 74% of the samples, and chromium in 54% of the cases. The spatial pattern of heavy metals concentrations indicated higher concentrations in the southern parts of the region. The mean hazard quotients of most samples for the four heavy metals were lower than one, indicating that there was no immediate threat due to the exposure to these heavy metals. The calculated accumulated hazards of these heavy metals produced different results, with hazard indices of higher than one. Conclusion: The accumulated hazard indicesfor the evaluated metals were higher than one, indicating that chronic ingestion of these waters threatens the health of local consumers on the long run.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Trace Metals Via Groundwater in Central Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md.Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Bodrud-Doza ◽  
Md. Iftakharul Muhib ◽  
Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain ◽  
Md. Sabbir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
High Level

Groundwater plays a pivotal role as the largest potable water sources in Bangladesh. However, the quality of the groundwater faces challenges due to xenobiotic compounds in it. Excess amount of arsenic (As) has already been found in groundwater in many parts of Bangladesh. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the water quality and associated human health risk in central Bangladesh. A total of 99 groundwater samples from the central part of Bangladesh were analyzed to assess human health risk due to high level of nitrate (NO3-) and other trace elements i.e. arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). It was found that NO3- concentration (253.17 mg/L) in the groundwater samples exceeds the recommended guideline value by the WHO (50 mg/L). Moreover, this study area also characterized with elevated concentration of As (19.44 µg/L), Fe (811.35 µg/L), and Mn (455.18 µg/L) in the groundwater. Non-carcinogenic human health risk was calculated by justifying HQ (Hazard Quotient) and HI (Hazard Index) and attributed potential conjunctive human health risks due to NO3-, As, Fe and Mn in the study area. Moreover, high carcinogenic risk was found due to As contamination in the groundwater samples in the study area.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of selected metals through tap water consumption in Upper Silesia, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1607-1614
Author(s):  
Rajmund Michalski ◽  
Paulina Pecyna-Utylska ◽  
Joanna Kernert ◽  
Katarzyna Grygoyć ◽  
Justyna Klyta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Carcinogenic Metals

AbstractThe research focused on assessing the risk to human health resulting from the content of selected Cr, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Zn and Sr metals in tap water supplied by Upper Silesia Water Plant to the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia region (Poland). It is the main supplier of drinking water to several million inhabitants of this agglomeration. Samples were taken and analyzed quarterly in 2019. The sampling points were chosen to help identify the source when an elevated level of a particular contaminant is observed. ICP-MS and ICP-OES have been used to measure the concentrations of those elements. The chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) results for non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metals in tap water has been assessed. CDI values of non-carcinogenic metals were higher in children than in adults; the CDI values for adults and children were found in the order of: Zn > Sr > Cu > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cr > Co > As. All the studied metals had HQ values below 1, the risks caused by the non-carcinogenic metals decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Co > As > Sr > Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn. HI values were also less than 1, that meaning that the analyzed tap water is safe for human consumption. The concentration of As, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni in analyzed tap water is in accordance with Polish and international requirements.

scholarly journals Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic in Rice and Its Implication in Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihui Li ◽  
Xiaoyuan Guo ◽  
Nihong Wen ◽  
Zijun Gan ◽  
Yanru Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
As Species ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Rice Samples

Abstract Numerous studies have studied the health risk assessment of human exposure to As or bioaccessible As via rice intake, however, the bioaccessibility of different As species in rice is seldom reported. In the present study, 31 rice samples were collected from markets or individual growers to investigate the speciation and bioaccessibility of As. Five different species (AsⅢ, AsV, DMA, MMA and AsB) were detected in rice samples from different regions, among which AsⅢ accounted for the largest proportion (62.95% in average), followed by DMA and AsV. In addition, the cooking method could facilitate the release of As from rice into gastric and intestinal juice, and subsequently increase the bioaccessibility of As. The bioaccessibility of inorganic As in cooked rice ranged from 71.83% to 100%, and that of organic As ranged from 31.69% to 61.04%. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of children and adults exposure to As via rice intake considering the bioaccessibility of cooked rice was carried out. The hazard quotient (HQ) of iAs and total As for children ranged from 0.21 to 1.61 and 0.48 to 2.26, respectively, while those for adults ranged from 0.12 to 0.88 and 0.26 to 1.23, respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for children and adults ranged from 9.57 × 10-5 to 7.25 × 10-4 and 5.21 × 10-5 to 3.95 × 10-4, respectively. The results of risk assessment indicated that children would face a higher health risk than adults when they took the same type of rice as their staple food.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Fe, As and Mn in the Groundwater of Dhamrai Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Partha Pratim Brahma ◽  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
Md. Khabir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

In Bangladesh, groundwater is the most important source of potable water. This study aims to investigate the amount of Fe, Mn and As in groundwater and to assess the health risks through oral ingestion of these trace metals. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 sample sites throughout the Baishakanda union, Dhamrai upazila for source appointment and risk assessment studies. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, and As were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of trace metal level in respectively descending order as Fe>Mn>As. The study found an average concentration of Fe (1.8 mg/L), Mn (0.74mg/L), and As (0.038 mg/L) in the groundwater sample where the mean value of Fe and Mn exceeds the DoE, WHO, and USEPA standards limit. On the other hand, the mean concentration value of As exceeds the WHO and USEPA standards limit. The non-carcinogenic human health risk was calculated by justifying HQ (Hazard Quotient) and HI (Hazard Index).A child (11.4056) is more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic human health risk than an adult (5.3769). Furthermore, As pollution in groundwater samples was found to pose a high carcinogenic risk, with children (3.84×10-3) being more vulnerable to carcinogenic risk than adults (1.81×10-3).The research area's groundwater was with a significant level of non-carcinogenic as well as cancer-risk (As) susceptibility in the local population.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of Ni, Cr, and Si release from alkaline minerals during enhanced weathering

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Fatima Haque ◽  
Yi Wai Chiang ◽  
Rafael M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Index Value

AbstractCalcium- and magnesium-rich alkaline silicate minerals, when applied to soil, can aid in carbon dioxide sequestration via enhanced weathering. The weathering of these silicate minerals is also associated with the release of heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, depending on the composition of the parent rock, and also labile Si. This paper critically analyses the risk associated with the release of Ni, Cr, and Si from alkaline silicate minerals as a result of enhanced weathering to evaluate its potential to be applied as a soil amendment. Based on the available data in the literature, this study evaluates the soil contamination level and quantifies the risk these elements pose to human health as well as the environment. To assess these potential threat levels, the geoaccumulation index was applied, along with the method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency for health risk assessment. The main findings of this study indicate the potential release of Ni, Cr, and Si to exceed the soil quality guideline value. The geochemical index suggests that the analyzed samples are in the class 0–3 and represents sites that lie between uncontaminated zones to highly contaminated zones. The hazard index value for Ni and Cr is greater than unity, which suggests that Ni and Cr release poses a non-carcinogenic risk. The probability of labile Si concentration in the soil to exceed the critical value is found to be 75%.

Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Krewski ◽  
T. Thorslund ◽  
J. Withey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Potential Use

Although procedures for assessing the carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to individual chemicals are relatively well developed, risk assessment methods for mixtures of chemicals are still in the developmental stage. In this paper, we examine the difficulties in assessing the risks of exposure to complex mixtures, with special reference to the potential for synergistic effects among the compo nents of the mixture. Statistical models for describing the joint action of multiple exposures are reviewed, and their implications for low-dose risk assessment are examined. The potential use of pharmacokinetic models to describe the metabolism of mixtures is also considered. Application of these results in regulating mixtures of carcinogenic substances is illustrated using examples involving multiple contaminants in drinking water and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced from combustion sources.

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