A Critical Systematic Review of Current Evidence on the Effects of Physical Exercise on Whole/Regional Grey Matter Brain Volume in Populations at Risk of Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars G. Hvid ◽  
Dylan L. Harwood ◽  
Simon F. Eskildsen ◽  
Ulrik Dalgas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Populations At Risk

scholarly journals Physical Exercise vs. Metformin to Improve Delivery- and Newborn-Related Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Overweight: A Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pascual-Morena ◽  
Iván Cavero-Redondo ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
José Alberto Martínez-Hortelano ◽  
Sara Reina-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Overweight/obesity is associated with the risk of delivery- and newborn-related complications in pregnancy. Interventions such as exercise or metformin could reduce the risk of these complications.Objective: To estimate and compare the effects of different types of exercise interventions (i.e., aerobic, resistance, combined exercise) and metformin on delivery- and newborn-related outcomes among pregnant women with overweight/obesity.Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases and the gray literature were searched from inception to September 2021. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CDR: 42019121715). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of metformin or an exercise intervention aimed at preventing cesarean section, preterm birth, macrosomia, or birth weight among pregnant women with overweight/obesity were included. Random effects meta-analyses and frequentist network meta-analyses (NMA) were conducted for each outcome.Results: Fifteen RCTs were included. In the NMA, metformin reduced the risk of cesarean section (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95), combined exercise reduced the risk of macrosomia (RR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.95), and aerobic exercise reduced birth weight (mean difference = −96.66 g, 95% CI: −192.45, −0.88). In the subgroup among pregnant women with obesity, metformin reduced the risk of cesarean section (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.97).Conclusions: Combined exercise could reduce the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with overweight, whereas metformin could reduce the risk of cesarean section in pregnant women with obesity. However, previous evidence suggests a larger effect of physical exercise in other outcomes for this population group. Therefore, the medicalization of healthy pregnant women with obesity is not justified by the current evidence.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42019121715; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019121715

scholarly journals Populations at Risk for Severe or Complicated Avian Influenza H5N1: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e89697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mertz ◽  
Tae Hyong Kim ◽  
Jennie Johnstone ◽  
Po-Po Lam ◽  
Michelle Science ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽  
Influenza H5n1

Effect of stem cell injections on osteoarthritis-related structural outcomes - a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200021
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gong ◽  
Jessica Fairley ◽  
Flavia M. Cicuttini ◽  
Sultana Monira Hussain ◽  
Rakhi Vashishtha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Populations At Risk

Objective To systematically review the evidence for the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections in improving osteoarthritis-related structural outcomes. Methods Ovid Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception to April 2020 using MeSH terms and key words. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures. Results Thirteen randomised controlled trials (phase I or II) were identified, 10 in osteoarthritis populations and three in populations at risk of osteoarthritis, with low (n=9), moderate (n=3) or high (n=1) risk of bias. Seven studies used allogeneic MSCs (bone marrow 4; umbilical cord 1; placenta 1; adipose tissue 1), six studies used autologous MSCs (adipose tissue 3; bone marrow 2; peripheral blood 1). Among the 11 studies examining cartilage outcomes, 10 studies showed a benefit of MSCs on cartilage volume, morphology, quality, regeneration and repair assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, or histology. The evidence for subchondral bone was consistent with all three studies in populations at risk of osteoarthritis showing beneficial effects. Sixteen unpublished, eligible trials were identified by searching trial registries, eight with actual or estimated completion date before 2016. Conclusion This systematic review of early phase clinical trials showed consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of intra-articular MSC injections on articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Due to the heterogeneity of MSCs, modest sample sizes, methodological limitations, and potential for publication bias, further work is needed before this therapy is recommended in the management of osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 347 (aug23 1) ◽  
pp. f5061-f5061 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mertz ◽  
T. H. Kim ◽  
J. Johnstone ◽  
P.-P. Lam ◽  
M. Science ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Influenza Illness

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism in Lower Extremity Amputees: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4980-4980
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdullah Alsheef ◽  
Sam Schulman ◽  
Marco Donadini ◽  
Abdul Rehman Z. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Extremity Amputation

Patients undergoing lower extremity amputation (LEA) are at risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), but no generally accepted prevention guidelines exist. This systematic review aimed at understanding the incidence of VTE with or without thromboprophylaxis in adult patients with major lower extremity amputation (LEA). Primary outcomes were onset of DVT, PE, or mortality. Secondary outcomes were any major adverse events due to treatment. We searched English language full-text papers in multiple databases using keywords, including amputation/adverse effects, amputation/complications, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Twenty-eight studies providing observations for 4,841 patients were selected. The fatal PE risk was 2.6% without prophylaxis and significantly decreased to a non-zero residual risk of 0.9% with VTE prophylaxis. Above-knee amputees were at greatest risk of VTE and subsequent complications. The risk was not confined to the amputated stump and can involve the contralateral limb. The role of compression ultrasonography screening in asymptomatic patients remains controversial in various populations at risk for VTE. All patients undergoing major LEA should be considered at high risk for the development of VTE, even after discharge from hospital. We recommend prophylactic anticoagulation (if not contraindicated) and clinical surveillance in all patients undergoing LEA and further studies to determine the optimal prophylactic strategy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Which sports are more at risk of physical exercise addiction: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Lodovico ◽  
Ségolène Poulnais ◽  
Philip Gorwood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Addiction

Potential Benefits of Exergaming for Cognition and Dual-Task Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa F. Ogawa ◽  
Tongjian You ◽  
Suzanne G. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Research Findings

This paper provides a systematic review of current research findings using exergaming as a treatment for improving cognition and dual-task function in older adults. A literature search was conducted to collect exergaming intervention studies that were either randomized controlled or uncontrolled studies. Of the seven identified studies (five randomized controlled studies and two uncontrolled studies), three studies focused on cognitive function alone, two studies focused on dual-task function alone, and two studies measured both cognitive function and dual-task function. Current evidence supports that exergaming improves cognitive function and dual-task function, which potentially leads to fall prevention. However, it is unclear whether exergaming, which involves both cognitive input and physical exercise, has additional benefits compared with traditional physical exercise alone. Further studies should include traditional exercise as a control group to identify these potential, additional benefits.

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