Neural correlates of social cognition in populations at risk of psychosis: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kozhuharova ◽  
F. Saviola ◽  
U. Ettinger ◽  
P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Populations At Risk

scholarly journals Populations at Risk for Severe or Complicated Avian Influenza H5N1: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e89697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mertz ◽  
Tae Hyong Kim ◽  
Jennie Johnstone ◽  
Po-Po Lam ◽  
Michelle Science ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽  
Influenza H5n1

Effect of stem cell injections on osteoarthritis-related structural outcomes - a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200021
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gong ◽  
Jessica Fairley ◽  
Flavia M. Cicuttini ◽  
Sultana Monira Hussain ◽  
Rakhi Vashishtha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Populations At Risk

Objective To systematically review the evidence for the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections in improving osteoarthritis-related structural outcomes. Methods Ovid Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception to April 2020 using MeSH terms and key words. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures. Results Thirteen randomised controlled trials (phase I or II) were identified, 10 in osteoarthritis populations and three in populations at risk of osteoarthritis, with low (n=9), moderate (n=3) or high (n=1) risk of bias. Seven studies used allogeneic MSCs (bone marrow 4; umbilical cord 1; placenta 1; adipose tissue 1), six studies used autologous MSCs (adipose tissue 3; bone marrow 2; peripheral blood 1). Among the 11 studies examining cartilage outcomes, 10 studies showed a benefit of MSCs on cartilage volume, morphology, quality, regeneration and repair assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, or histology. The evidence for subchondral bone was consistent with all three studies in populations at risk of osteoarthritis showing beneficial effects. Sixteen unpublished, eligible trials were identified by searching trial registries, eight with actual or estimated completion date before 2016. Conclusion This systematic review of early phase clinical trials showed consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of intra-articular MSC injections on articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Due to the heterogeneity of MSCs, modest sample sizes, methodological limitations, and potential for publication bias, further work is needed before this therapy is recommended in the management of osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 347 (aug23 1) ◽  
pp. f5061-f5061 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mertz ◽  
T. H. Kim ◽  
J. Johnstone ◽  
P.-P. Lam ◽  
M. Science ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Influenza Illness

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism in Lower Extremity Amputees: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4980-4980
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdullah Alsheef ◽  
Sam Schulman ◽  
Marco Donadini ◽  
Abdul Rehman Z. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Extremity Amputation

Patients undergoing lower extremity amputation (LEA) are at risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), but no generally accepted prevention guidelines exist. This systematic review aimed at understanding the incidence of VTE with or without thromboprophylaxis in adult patients with major lower extremity amputation (LEA). Primary outcomes were onset of DVT, PE, or mortality. Secondary outcomes were any major adverse events due to treatment. We searched English language full-text papers in multiple databases using keywords, including amputation/adverse effects, amputation/complications, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Twenty-eight studies providing observations for 4,841 patients were selected. The fatal PE risk was 2.6% without prophylaxis and significantly decreased to a non-zero residual risk of 0.9% with VTE prophylaxis. Above-knee amputees were at greatest risk of VTE and subsequent complications. The risk was not confined to the amputated stump and can involve the contralateral limb. The role of compression ultrasonography screening in asymptomatic patients remains controversial in various populations at risk for VTE. All patients undergoing major LEA should be considered at high risk for the development of VTE, even after discharge from hospital. We recommend prophylactic anticoagulation (if not contraindicated) and clinical surveillance in all patients undergoing LEA and further studies to determine the optimal prophylactic strategy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Dental Implant Placement in Patients with a History of Medications Related to Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judd Sher ◽  
Kate Kirkham-Ali ◽  
Denny Luo ◽  
Catherine Miller ◽  
Dileep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

The present systematic review evaluates the safety of placing dental implants in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug therapy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were used to search for clinical studies (English only) to July 16, 2019. Study quality was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case series. A broad search strategy resulted in the identification of 7542 studies. There were 28 studies reporting on bisphosphonates (5 cohort, 6 case control, and 17 case series) and one study reporting on denosumab (case series) that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of evidence among the studies. Results demonstrated that patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis are not at increased risk of implant failure in terms of osseointegration. However, all patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment, whether taken orally for osteoporosis or intravenously for malignancy, appear to be at risk of ‘implant surgery-triggered’ MRONJ. In contrast, the risk of MRONJ in patients treated with denosumab for osteoporosis was found to be negligible. In conclusion, general and specialist dentists should exercise caution when planning dental implant therapy in patients with a history of bisphosphonate and denosumab drug therapy. Importantly, all patients with a history of bisphosphonates are at risk of MRONJ, necessitating this to be included in the informed consent obtained prior to implant placement. The James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry Honours program and the Australian Dental Research Foundation Colin Cormie Grant were the primary sources of funding for this systematic review.

DNA damage repair gene mutation testing and genetic counseling in men with/without prostate cancer: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Armstrong ◽  
Ruben GW Quek ◽  
Steve Ryder ◽  
Janine Ross ◽  
Titas Buksnys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Damage Repair

Background: Ongoing clinical trials are investigating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to target the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway in prostate cancer. DDR mutation screening will guide treatment strategy and assess eligibility for clinical trials. Materials & methods: This systematic review estimated the rate of DDR mutation testing or genetic counseling among men with or at risk of prostate cancer. Results: From 6856 records, one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and described men undiagnosed with prostate cancer with a family history of BRCA1/2 mutation who received DDR mutation testing. Conclusion: With only one study included in this first systematic review of DDR mutation testing or genetic counseling in men with or at risk of prostate cancer, more research is warranted.

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