scholarly journals Investigation into gas lubrication performance of porous gas bearing considering velocity slip boundary condition

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Zhang ◽  
Shuiting Ding ◽  
Farong Du ◽  
Fenzhu Ji ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Porous Layer ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Slip Boundary ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Gas Lubrication ◽  
Simulation Results

AbstractPorous gas bearings (PGBs) have a proactive application in aerospace and turbomachinery. This study investigates the gas lubrication performance of a PGB with the condition of velocity slip boundary (VSB) owing to the high Knudsen number in the gas film. The Darcy-Forchheimer laws and modified Navier-Stokes equations were adopted to describe the gas flow in the porous layer and gas film region, respectively. An improved bearing experimental platform was established to verify the accuracy of the derived theory and the reliability of the numerical analysis. The effects of various parameters on the pressure distribution, flow cycle, load capacity, mass flow rate, and velocity profile are demonstrated and discussed. The results show that the gas can flow in both directions, from the porous layer to the gas film region, or in reverse. The load capacity of the PGB increases with an increase in speed and inlet pressure and decreases with an increase in permeability. The mass flow rate increases as the inlet pressure and permeability increase. Furthermore, the simulation results using VSB are in agreement with the experimental results, with an average error of 3.4%, which indicates that the model using VSB achieves a high accuracy. The simulation results ignoring the VSB overrate the load capacity by 16.42% and undervalue the mass flow rate by 11.29%. This study may aid in understanding the gas lubrication mechanism in PGBs and the development of novel gas lubricants.

Behavior of Thermal Effects and Velocity-Slip on Performance of Externally Pressurized Porous Incompressible Gas Thrust Bearing

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kapur ◽  
J. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Slip Condition ◽  
Static Stiffness

In the present analysis, the interactions of thermal effects and velocity slip on the performance of externally pressurized porous incompressible gas thrust bearing have been studied. Numerical results for load capacity, mass flow rate, and static stiffness have been obtained and their behavior is illustrated in figures. The results for slip as well as no-slip condition have also been compared with the experimental results of Gargiulo and Gilmour [7].

Mass Flow Rate Measurements in Microchannels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Graur ◽  
Pierre Perrier ◽  
J. G. Me´olans
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Accommodation Coefficient ◽  
Steady Flows ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Slip Boundary ◽  
Accommodation Coefficients ◽  
Accommodation Process ◽  
Wall Interaction

Mass flow rate measurements in a single silicon micro channel were carried out for various gases in isothermal steady flows. The results obtained from hydrodynamic to near free molecular regime by using a powerful experimental platform, allowed us to deduce interesting information, notably about the reflection/accommodation process at the wall. In the 0 – 0.3 Knudsen range, a continuum analytic approach was derived from NS equations, associated to first or second order slip boundary conditions. Identifying the experimental mass flow rate curves to the theoretical ones the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) of various gases was extracted. Over all the Knudsen range [0 – 50] the experimental results were compared with theoretical values calculated from the kinetic approaches: using variable accommodation coefficient values as fitting parameter, the theoretical curves were fitted to the experimental ones. Whatever the Knudsen range and whatever the theoretical approach, the TMAC values are found decreasing when the molecular weights of the gas increase (as long as the different gases are compared using the same approach). Moreover, the values of the various accommodation coefficients are rather close one to other but sufficiently smaller than unity to conclude that the full accommodation modelling is not satisfactory to describe the gas/wall interaction.

CFD Simulation of Gas Distributor with Two Chambers

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2264-2267
Author(s):  
Dong Fang Zhao ◽  
Feng Guo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Gas Distributor ◽  
New Type ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper investigated a new type of gas distributor with two chambers by CFD software. The distributor has a natural gas inlet and nine nozzle outlets. For the investigation of this project, the mass flow rate of the distributor was analyzed in this paper to provide a way to optimize the structure of distributor. The N-S equations approached with the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the discretization were employed second order upwind. The simulation results will provide a number of useful suggestions and references for the further design.

Condensation flow at the wet steam centrifugal turbine stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Liu ◽  
Xuefei Du ◽  
Xuyang Shi ◽  
Diangui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Wet Steam ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Shaft Power

This paper investigates spontaneous condensation of wet steam in a centrifugal turbine by means of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. The flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of the wet steam in the centrifugal turbine are compared and analyzed by using the equilibrium steam and nonequilibrium steam models, respectively, where the latter applies the classical droplet nucleation theory and neglects velocity slip between the liquid phase and the gaseous phase. The state parameters of wet steam are described here based on the IAPWS’97 formulation. It is concluded that under the design condition, the mass flow rate, wetness fraction, and flow angle of the wet steam centrifugal turbine in the nonequilibrium steam model all change compared with the equilibrium steam model, with values of 4.4%, 0.5%, and 10.57%, respectively. Then the performance variation of the wet steam centrifugal turbine is analyzed under different steam conditions and different outlet back-pressure conditions. The results show that the change law of the mass flow rate, shaft power, and wetness fraction in the centrifugal turbine are basically identical in both models, and the mass flow rate, shaft power, wheel efficiency, and entropy loss coefficient of the centrifugal turbine in the nonequilibrium steam model are all higher than those in the equilibrium steam model, whereas the outlet wetness fraction is lower than that in the equilibrium steam model.

Estimation of Leakage Mass Flow Rate through Labyrinth Seal Using CFD Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Neeharika ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Hensh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Empirical Correlation ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Simulation Results

Seal design is an essential part for turbo machinery. Seal consisting of fins is placed in a gap between stationary and rotating component to minimize the leakage flow. Seal leakage flow has been considered as an inevitable loss factor that highly affects the efficiency of any machine. During operation of the equipment, thermal expansion/contraction of components take place, which causes variation of the gap between stationary and rotating component. Importance of the study is to understand the flow behavior due to variation of the gap. The variation of gap leads to change of radial clearance between fin to metal component and subsequent change of flow pattern. The main focus of the paper is to estimate the leakage flow through a labyrinth seal placed between rotor and casing of a typical steam turbine. Numerical techniques using 3D CFD tool are used for this purpose. Three different seal configurations are proposed in the study. The variables of the three seal configurations are radial clearance, number of fins in the flow passage and pressure drop across the seal passages. As an alternative methodology, an empirical correlation is formulated based on numerical simulation results for one set of radial clearance to estimate mass flow rate through the seal. In order to validate the formulated correlation, mass flow rate is determined for another set of radial clearance and compared with numerical simulation results. It is observed that flow rate estimated from 3D CFD study is around 20% lower compared to empirical correlation.

scholarly journals Modelling of a Single Passage Air PV/T Solar Collector: Experimental and Simulation Design

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Noran Nur Wahida Khalili ◽  
Mahmod Othman ◽  
Mohd Nazari Abu Bakar ◽  
Lazim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Results

The hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector has attracted research attention for more than five decades. Its capability to produce thermal energy simultaneously with electrical energy is considered attractive since it provides higher total efficiency than stand-alone photovoltaic or thermal systems separately. This paper describes theoretical and experimental studies of a finned single pass air-type photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector. The performance of the system is calculated based on one dimensional (1D) steady-state analysis using one dimensional energy balance equations, where simulation was carried out using MATLAB. Experiments were carried out to observe the performance of the solar collector under changes in air mass flow rate. Experimental values on photovoltaic panel temperature and air temperature on both air inlet and outlet, together with the ambient temperature and solar radiation were measured. The simulation results were validated against the results obtained from experiments using the error analysis method, Root Mean Square Error. At a solar irradiance level of 800 to 900 W/m2, the thermal efficiency increases to 20.32% while the electrical efficiency increases to 12.01% when the air mass flow rate increases from 0.00015 kg/s to 0.01 kg/s. The error analysis shows that both experimental and simulation results are in good agreement.

Assessment of Porous Type Gas Bearings: Measurements of Bearing Performance and Rotor Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis San Andrés ◽  
Travis A. Cable ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Oscar De Santiago ◽  
Drew Devitt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Gas Bearings ◽  
Rotor Spinning ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Seizure Event ◽  
Flow Drag ◽  
Gas Bearing

Gas bearings are an attractive means of load support for rotating machinery due to their low mechanical power losses and dispensing of expensive lubrication systems. A subset of gas bearing technology, porous type gas bearings utilize a porous material as a means of feeding externally pressurized gas (typically air) to the bearing clearance region. When compared to typical orifice type hydrostatic bearings, porous bearings distribute pressurized gas more uniformly into the film clearance, thus resulting in a higher load capacity for similar flow rates [1]. The majority of the literature on porous type gas bearings focuses on the numerical evaluation of cylindrical bushings, yet experimental data on their performance is scant. As a follow up to Ref. [2], the paper presents an analysis of measurements of flow, drag torque and rotordynamic response of a large (100 mm OD, ∼275 N) rotor supported on two tilting pad (five-pad) porous journal bearings (specific load∼19 kPa). Measurements of air mass flow into the bearings, with and without the rotor in place, show that the film clearance offers little restriction. The mass flow rate is proportional to the supply pressure and lead to an estimated permeability coefficient. In operation with various levels of supply pressure and with the rotor spinning to 8 krpm (133 Hz, surface speed ∼42 m/s), several rotordynamic response tests (masses up to 6.9 gram) show the rotor amplitude of synchronous response is proportional to the mass imbalance; hence demonstrating the system is linear. Finally, rotor speed coast down tests from 8 krpm show that the bearings offer little drag friction; and increasing the supply pressure gives to lesser drag. The measurements verify the pair of gas bearings support effectively the rigid rotor with little expense in mass flow rate delivered to them. Most importantly, while operating at 10 krpm with a large added imbalance, the system survived a seizure event with little damage to the rotor and bearings, both restored to a near pristine condition after a simple cleaning procedure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Modified RELAP5 MOD3.2 Against LBE Natural Circulation Test Loops

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Lv ◽  
Xingmin Liu ◽  
Weihan Li ◽  
Chunqiu Guo ◽  
Zhiwei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Nuclear Systems ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Thermal Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

Motivated by the significant natural circulation capability of lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE)–cooled systems, the RELAP5 MOD3.2 code was modified for the analysis of LBE-cooled reactors and non-nuclear systems. The thermo-physical properties of LBE have been incorporated into the code without affecting the code’s original performance; new heat transfer correlations for liquid metal have been implemented. For the purpose of validating the modified code, experimental results of two different LBE natural circulation test loops were compared with the code simulation results. The first one was a natural circulation setup process test at a power of 22.5 kW performed at the Natural Circulation Experimental (NACIE) facility. The simulated inlet and outlet LBE temperatures across the heat source and mass flow rate of LBE agreed well with the test data. The second one was natural circulation conditions under five different power levels conducted at the Natural Circulation Capability Loop (NCCL) facility. The LBE temperature difference and mass flow rate under different power levels predicted by the code were consistent with the experimental data. Generally speaking, the modified code gives acceptable results, and the code could be applied for further LBE systems thermal-hydraulic analysis.

Magnetogasdynamic thrust bearing with an axial pinch

1969 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ramanaiah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Axial Current ◽  
Pinch Effect ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Compressible Lubricant

An analysis of a hydrostatic thrust bearing with electrically conducting compressible lubricant under an axial-current-induced pinch is presented. It is shown that the load capacity of the bearing can be increased by the pinch effect and the magnitude of the pinch effect depends on the mass flow rate. It is also shown that a load proportional to the square of the axial current can be sustained even when there is no flow or external pressurization.

Mass Flow Rate Measurement Through Rectangular Microchannels for Large Knudsen Number Range

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hadj Nacer ◽  
Pierre Perrier ◽  
Irina Graur
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Knudsen Number ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Bgk Model ◽  
Number Range

The mass flow rate through microchannels with rectangular cross section is measured for the wide Knudsen number range (0.0025–26.2) in isothermal steady conditions. The experimental technique called ‘Constant Volume Method’ is used for the measurements. This method consists of measuring the small pressure variations in the tanks upstream and downstream of the microchannel. The measurements of the mass flow rate are carried out for three gases (Helium, Nitrogen and Argon). The microchannel internal surfaces are covered with a thin layer of gold with mean roughness Ra = 0.87nm (RMS). The continuum approach (Navier-Stokes equations) with first order velocity slip boundary condition was used in the slip regime (Knudsen number varies from 0.0025 to 0.1) to obtain the experimental velocity slip and accommodation coefficients associated to the Maxwell kinetic boundary condition. In the transitional and near free molecular regimes the linearized kinetic BGK model was used to calculate numerically the mass flow rate. From the comparison of the numerical and measured values of the mass flow rate the accommodation coefficient was also deduced.

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