scholarly journals Inorganic nanomaterial lubricant additives for base fluids, to improve tribological performance: Recent developments

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Wang ◽  
Weipeng Zhuang ◽  
Wenfeng Liang ◽  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Nano Additives

AbstractIn this paper, we review recent research developments regarding the tribological performances of a series of inorganic nano-additives in lubricating fluids. First, we examine several basic types of inorganic nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and “other” nanomaterials. More specifically, the metallic nanoparticles we examine include silver, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticles; the metal oxides include CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and several double-metal oxides; the carbon nanomaterials include fullerene, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxides, graphite, and diamond; and the “other” nanomaterials include metal sulfides, rare-earth compounds, layered double hydroxides, clay minerals, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and nanocomposites. Second, we summarize the lubrication mechanisms of these nano-additives and identify the factors affecting their tribological performance. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by inorganic nanoparticles in lubrication applications and discuss future research directions. This review offers new perspectives to improve our understanding of inorganic nano-additives in tribology, as well as several new approaches to expand their practical applications.

Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharil Yahayaa ◽  
Nurliyana Abdul Raof ◽  
Zulkifli Ibrahim ◽  
Azniza Ahmad ◽  
Chandima Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Dialkyl Dithiophosphate

Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance and properties, chemical modifications and formulation with additives of palm oil as a bio-lubricant.

scholarly journals The Potential of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analogue GR24 for the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Yield in Winter Wheat under Drought: Investigations on the Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Modes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Mojde Sedaghat ◽  
Yahya Emam ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli ◽  
Saeid Hazrati ◽  
Claudio Lovisolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
New Family ◽  
Harsh Environmental Condition

Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological and physiological processes, including the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, in concert with other phytohormones. While it is now clear that exogenous SLs may help plants to survive in harsh environmental condition, the best, most effective protocols for treatment have not been defined yet, and the mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. In the set of experiments reported here, we contrasted two application methods for treatment with a synthetic analog of SL, GR24. A number of morphometric, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured following foliar application of GR24 or application in the residual irrigation water in winter wheat plants under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Depending on the concentration and the method of GR24 application, differentiated photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, antioxidant enzyme activities and yield in drought conditions were observed. We present evidence that different methods of GR24 application led to increased photosynthesis and yield under stress by a combination of drought tolerance and escape factors, which should be considered for future research exploring the potential of this new family of bioactive molecules for practical applications.

scholarly journals A Survey on Deep Learning Based Methods and Datasets for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Seong-heum Kim ◽  
Youngbae Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Object ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Sensors ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
3D Object Detection

Owing to recent advancements in deep learning methods and relevant databases, it is becoming increasingly easier to recognize 3D objects using only RGB images from single viewpoints. This study investigates the major breakthroughs and current progress in deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection. For relatively low-cost data acquisition systems without depth sensors or cameras at multiple viewpoints, we first consider existing databases with 2D RGB photos and their relevant attributes. Based on this simple sensor modality for practical applications, deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection methods that overcome significant research challenges are categorized and summarized. We present the key concepts and detailed descriptions of representative single-stage and multiple-stage detection solutions. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of the detection models on their baseline benchmarks. Finally, we explore several directions for future research on monocular 3D object detection.

scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4206
Author(s):  
Jamilya Nurgazina ◽  
Udsanee Pakdeetrakulwong ◽  
Thomas Moser ◽  
Gerald Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Future Research Directions

The lack of transparency and traceability in food supply chains (FSCs) is raising concerns among consumers and stakeholders about food information credibility, food quality, and safety. Insufficient records, a lack of digitalization and standardization of processes, and information exchange are some of the most critical challenges, which can be tackled with disruptive technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Studies provide evidence that novel technological and sustainable practices in FSCs are necessary. This paper aims to describe current practical applications of DLTs and IoT in FSCs, investigating the challenges of implementation, and potentials for future research directions, thus contributing to achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Within a systematic literature review, the content of 69 academic publications was analyzed, describing aspects of implementation and measures to address the challenges of scalability, security, and privacy of DLT, and IoT solutions. The challenges of high costs, standardization, regulation, interoperability, and energy consumption of DLT solutions were also classified as highly relevant, but were not widely addressed in literature. The application of DLTs in FSCs can potentially contribute to 6 strategic SDGs, providing synergies and possibilities for more sustainable, traceable, and transparent FSCs.

Enhanced thermal conductivity of polyimide composite film filled with hybrid fillers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110003
Author(s):  
Ruiyi Li ◽  
Chengcheng Ding ◽  
Juan Yu ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Pei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
The Matrix

In this article, the polyimide (PI) composite films with synergistically improving thermal conductivity were prepared by adding a few graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and various hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) contents into the PI matrix. The thermal conductivity of PI composite film with 1 wt% GNP and 30 wt% h-BN content was 1.21 W(m·k)− 1, which was higher than that of the PI composite film with 30 wt% h-BN content (0.45 W(m·k)− 1), the synergistic efficiency of GNP under various h-BN content (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) were 1.70, 2.71, and 3.09, respectively. And it was found that the increased h-BN content can suppress the dielectric properties caused by GNP in the matrix. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of 1 wt% GNP/PI composite film were 10.69, 0.661 at 103 Hz, respectively, and that of the 30 wt% h-BN + GNP/PI composite film were 4.29 and 0.1367, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the PI composite film were suitable for practical applications. And the heat resistance index and the residual rate at 700°C of PI composite film increased to 326.8°C, 74.43%, respectively, and these of PI film were 292.6°C and 59.26%. Thus, it may provide a reference value for applying the filler hybridization/PI film in the electronic packaging materials.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Shubham Pateria ◽  
Budhitama Subagdja ◽  
Ah-hwee Tan ◽  
Chai Quek
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agent Learning ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Supplementary Material

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) enables autonomous decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks. During the past years, the landscape of HRL research has grown profoundly, resulting in copious approaches. A comprehensive overview of this vast landscape is necessary to study HRL in an organized manner. We provide a survey of the diverse HRL approaches concerning the challenges of learning hierarchical policies, subtask discovery, transfer learning, and multi-agent learning using HRL. The survey is presented according to a novel taxonomy of the approaches. Based on the survey, a set of important open problems is proposed to motivate the future research in HRL. Furthermore, we outline a few suitable task domains for evaluating the HRL approaches and a few interesting examples of the practical applications of HRL in the Supplementary Material.

scholarly journals The Influence of YouTube Beauty Vloggers on Indonesian Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Local Cosmetic Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jui-Lung Chen ◽  
Apritika Dermawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Willingness To Purchase ◽  
The Impact

Social media are web-based technology and social platform that involve social, personal and technological factors, which have triggered the development and evolution of website-based communities. Moreover, relevant web-based applications have also become the mainstream media for value creation and information exchange. The proliferation, convenience, and immediacy of social media have attracted many enterprises to adopt social media as a marketing tool. Among them, Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WoM), used mostly by vloggers (video bloggers), enables its users to review products and express their opinions on social media. Therefore, E-WoM has gradually become an important source of information for consumers, which influences their purchasing decisions. YouTube, a video sharing platform affiliated with Google, is a popular social media with tons of users. One of its most appealing and popular communities is Beauty Blogger, where beauty vloggers create and upload videos about beauty products. This study explored the impact of YouTube beauty vlogger on the attitude of Indonesian women towards locally made cosmetics and their willingness to purchase them. Based on the research results, relevant conclusions and recommendations were proposed which can be used as a reference for future research and practical applications.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (4) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Mariusz Trojak ◽  
Barbara Kiełbasa ◽  
Daniela Popa ◽  
Aliona Sargo
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources

Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc. The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic. The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.

scholarly journals Beyond Intra-modality: A Survey of Heterogeneous Person Re-identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Zhixiang Wang ◽  
Yinqiang Zheng ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Wenjun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions

An efficient and effective person re-identification (ReID) system relieves the users from painful and boring video watching and accelerates the process of video analysis. Recently, with the explosive demands of practical applications, a lot of research efforts have been dedicated to heterogeneous person re-identification (Hetero-ReID). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art Hetero-ReID methods that address the challenge of inter-modality discrepancies. According to the application scenario, we classify the methods into four categories --- low-resolution, infrared, sketch, and text. We begin with an introduction of ReID, and make a comparison between Homogeneous ReID (Homo-ReID) and Hetero-ReID tasks. Then, we describe and compare existing datasets for performing evaluations, and survey the models that have been widely employed in Hetero-ReID. We also summarize and compare the representative approaches from two perspectives, i.e., the application scenario and the learning pipeline. We conclude by a discussion of some future research directions. Follow-up updates are available at https://github.com/lightChaserX/Awesome-Hetero-reID

scholarly journals Preparation of Bulk13C-Enriched Graphene Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Tian ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Mohammed J. Meziani ◽  
Chang Yi Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bulk Production

Arc-discharge has been widely used in the bulk production of various carbon nanomaterials, especially for structurally more robust single-walled carbon nanotubes. In this paper, the same bulk-production technique was applied to the synthesis of significantly13C-enriched graphitic materials, from which graphene oxides similarly enriched with13C were prepared and characterized. The results demonstrate that arc-discharge is a convenient method to produce bulk quantities of13C-enriched graphene materials from relatively less expensive precursors (largely amorphous13C powders).

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