scholarly journals Inter-specific competition among trees in pythagorean fuzzy soft environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Hafiza Saba Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Competing Interactions ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests

AbstractA Pythagorean fuzzy set is very effective mathematical framework to represent parameter-wise imprecision which is the property of linguistic communication. A Pythagorean fuzzy soft graph is more potent than the intuitionistic fuzzy soft as well as the fuzzy soft graph as it depicts the interactions among the objects of a system using Pythagorean membership grades with respect to different parameters. This article addresses the content of competition graphs as well as economic competition graphs like k-competition graphs, m-step competition graphs and p-competition graphs in Pythagorean fuzzy soft environment. All these concepts are illustrated with examples and fascinating results. Furthermore, an application which describes the competition among distinct forest trees, that grow together in the mixed conifer forests of California, for plant resources is elaborated graphically. An algorithm is also designed for the construction of Pythagorean fuzzy soft competition graphs. It is worthwhile to express the competing and non-competing interactions in various networks with the help of Pythagorean fuzzy soft competition graphs wherein a variation in competition relative to different attributes is visible.

scholarly journals An algorithm to compute the strength of competing interactions in the Bering Sea based on pythagorean fuzzy hypergraphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiza Saba Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
José Carlos R. Alcantud
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Competing Interactions ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuzzy Hypergraphs ◽  
Strength Of Competition ◽  
The Bering Sea

AbstractThe networks of various problems have competing constituents, and there is a concern to compute the strength of competition among these entities. Competition hypergraphs capture all groups of predators that are competing in a community through their hyperedges. This paper reintroduces competition hypergraphs in the context of Pythagorean fuzzy set theory, thereby producing Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs. The data of real-world ecological systems posses uncertainty, and the proposed hypergraphs can efficiently deal with such information to model wide range of competing interactions. We suggest several extensions of Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs, including Pythagorean fuzzy economic competition hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzy row as well as column hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzy k-competition hypergraphs, m-step Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs and Pythagorean fuzzy neighborhood hypergraphs. The proposed graphical structures are good tools to measure the strength of direct and indirect competing and non-competing interactions. Their aptness is illustrated through examples, and results support their intrinsic interest. We propose algorithms that help to compose some of the presented graphical structures. We consider predator-prey interactions among organisms of the Bering Sea as an application: Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs encapsulate the competing relationships among its inhabitants. Specifically, the algorithm which constructs the Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs can also compute the strength of competing and non-competing relations of this scenario.

scholarly journals Dimensional Analysis under Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy Set

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Aldo Joel Villa Silva ◽  
Luis Pérez-Domínguez ◽  
Erwin Martínez Gómez ◽  
David Luviano-Cruz ◽  
Delia Valles-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Cnc Router ◽  
Selection Of

Dimensional analysis under linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy set (DA-LPFS) is a technique to handle qualitative (intangible) as well as the interactions between criteria, by combining dimensional analysis (DA) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) with linguistic variables. In this paper, a novel DA method is proposed for LPFSs based in a PFS extension, in order to consider the mutual relationship among criteria and handle qualitative (fuzzy) and quantitative (crisp) information usually involved in Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. Finally, DA-LPFS is applied to handle a case concerning the selection of CNC router to illustrate the applicability of the method.

scholarly journals Pyric tree spatial patterning interactions in historical and contemporary mixed conifer forests, California, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Ziegler ◽  
Chad M. Hoffman ◽  
Brandon M. Collins ◽  
Eric E. Knapp ◽  
William (Ruddy) Mell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests

Characterizing the light environment in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests using a spatially explicit light model

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Gersonde ◽  
John J Battles ◽  
Kevin L O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests

The spatially explicit light model tRAYci was calibrated to conditions in multi-aged Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. To reflect conditions that are important to growth and regeneration of this forest type, we sampled a variety of managed mature stands with multiple canopy layers and cohorts. Calibration of the light model included determining leaf area density for individual species with the use of leaf area – sapwood area prediction equations. Prediction equations differed between species and could be improved using site index. The light model predicted point measurements from hemispherical photographs well over a range of 27%–63% light. Simplifying the crown representation in the tRAYci model to average values for species and canopy strata resulted in little reduction in model performance and makes the model more useful to applications with lower sampling intensity. Vertical light profiles in managed mixed-conifer stands could be divided into homogeneous, sigmiodal, and continuous gradients, depending on stand structure and foliage distribution. Concentration of leaf area in the upper canopy concentrates light resources on dominant trees in continuous canopies. Irregular canopies of multiaged stands, however, provide more light resources to mid-size trees and could support growth of shade-intolerant species. Knowledge of the vertical distribution of light intensity in connection with stand structural information can guide regulation of irregular stand structures to meet forest management objectives.

scholarly journals Einstein Geometric Aggregation Operators using a Novel Complex Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Setting with Application in Green Supplier Chain Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-134
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Kifayat Ullah ◽  
Qaisar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Unit Interval ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Operational Laws ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Supplier Chain ◽  
Valuable Procedure ◽  
Interval Valued ◽  
Fuzzy Setting

The principle of a complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set (CIVPFS) is a valuable procedure to manage inconsistent and awkward information genuine life troubles. The principle of CIVPFS is a mixture of the two separated theories such as complex fuzzy set and interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set which covers the truth grade (TG) and falsity grade (FG) in the form of the complex number whose real and unreal parts are the sub-interval of the unit interval. The superiority of the CIVPFS is that the sum of the square of the upper grade of the real part (also for an unreal part) of the duplet is restricted to the unit interval. The goal of this article is to explore the new principle of CIVPFS and its algebraic operational laws. By using the CIVPFSs, certain Einstein operational laws by using the t-norm and t-conorm are also developed. Additionally, we explore the complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric (CIVPFEWG), complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (CIVPFEOWG) operators and utilized their special cases. Moreover, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique is explored based on the elaborated operators by using the complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (CIVPF) information. To determine the consistency and reliability of the elaborated operators, we illustrated certain examples by using the explored principles. Finally, to determine the supremacy and dominance of the explored theories, the comparative analysis and graphical expressions of the developed principles are also discussed.

scholarly journals Some results on χ-single valued neutrosophic subgroups

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
M. Shazib Hameed ◽  
Zaheer Ahmad ◽  
Salman Mukhtar ◽  
Asad Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Fuzzy Subgroups

<p>In this study, we develop a novel structure χ-single valued neutrosophic set, which is a generalization of the intuitionistic set, inconsistent intuitionistic fuzzy set, Pythagorean fuzzy set, spherical fuzzy set, paraconsistent set, etc. Fuzzy subgroups play a vital role in vagueness structure, it differ from regular subgroups in that it is impossible to determine which group elements belong and which do not. In this paper, we investigate the concept of a χ-single valued neutrosophic set and χ-single valued neutrosophic subgroups. We explore the idea of χ-single valued neutrosophic set on fuzzy subgroups and several characterizations related to χ-single valued neutrosophic subgroups are suggested.</p>

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