scholarly journals A novel DNA-based key scrambling technique for image encryption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machbah Uddin ◽  
Farah Jahan ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Islam ◽  
Md. Rakib Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Time Complexity ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion ◽  
Valuable Content

AbstractNowadays, data are the most valuable content in the world. In the age of big data, we are generating quintillions of data daily in the form of text, image, video, etc. Among them, images are highly used in daily communications. Various types of images, e.g., medical images, military images, etc. are highly confidential. But, due to data vulnerabilities, transmitting such images in a secured way is a great challenge. For this reason, researchers proposed different image cryptography algorithms. Recently, biological deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based concepts are getting popular for ensuring image security as well as encryption as they show good performance. However, these DNA-based methods have some limitations, e.g., these are not dynamic and their performance results are far from ideal values. Further, these encryption methods usually involve two steps, confusion and diffusion. Confusion increases huge time complexity and needs to send one or more additional map tables with a cipher to decrypt the message. In this research, we propose a novel and efficient DNA-based key scrambling technique for image encryption that addresses the above limitations. We evaluate our proposed method using 15 different datasets and achieved superior performance scores of entropy, keyspace, cipher pixel correlations, variance of histogram, time complexity and PSNR. The experimental results show that our method can be used for image encryption with a high level of confidentiality.

scholarly journals Multi-round encryption for COVID-19 data using the DNA key

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Bassam Al-Shargabi ◽  
Mohammed Abbas Fadhil Al-Husainy
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

The need for a reliable and fast encryption algorithm to encrypt medical data for patients is an extremely important topic to be considered especially during pandemic times such as the pandemic COVID-19. This pandemic forced governments and healthcare institutions to monitor COVID-19 patients. All the patient's data or records are also shared among healthcare researchers to be used to help them find vaccines or cures for this pandemic. Therefore, protecting such data (images, text) or records face an everincreasing number of risks. In this paper, a novel multi-round encryption algorithm based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is proposed. The significance of the proposed algorithm comes from using a different random key to perform simple and fast encryption operations on multiple rounds to achieve a high level of confusion and diffusion effects in encrypted data. Experiments were conducted using a set of datasets of various types such as Excel sheets, images, and database tables. The experiments were conducted to test the performance and security level of the proposed encryption algorithm against well-known algorithms such as data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES). The experiments show an outstanding performance regarding the encryption time, key size, information entropy, and the avalanche effects.

A New Image Encryption Scheme Using Dual Chaotic Map Synchronization

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion ◽  
Sensitivity To Initial Conditions ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Chaotic systems behavior attracts many researchers in the field of image encryption. The major advantage of using chaos as the basis for developing a crypto-system is due to its sensitivity to initial conditions and parameter tunning as well as the random-like behavior which resembles the main ingredients of a good cipher namely the confusion and diffusion properties. In this article, we present a new scheme based on the synchronization of dual chaotic systems namely Lorenz and Chen chaotic systems and prove that those chaotic maps can be completely synchronized with other under suitable conditions and specific parameters that make a new addition to the chaotic based encryption systems. This addition provides a master-slave configuration that is utilized to construct the proposed dual synchronized chaos-based cipher scheme. The common security analyses are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Based on all experiments and analyses, we can conclude that this scheme is secure, efficient, robust, reliable, and can be directly applied successfully for many practical security applications in insecure network channels such as the Internet

scholarly journals On the Sanctuary of a Combined Confusion and Diffusion based scheme for Image Encryption

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3258-3263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Hadamard Transformation ◽  
Key Length ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Sequence Generator ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

Confusion and diffusion are the frequently used embryonics in multimedia (image) encryption systems. Multimedia data protection against cryptanalysis can be effectually fortified by these techniques. Due to inherent properties of images such as high inter-pixel redundancy and bulk data capacity, encryption is performed in two stages: Confusion and Diffusion. In this article, a combined Pseudo Hadamard transformation in the confusion stage and Gingerbreadman chaotic substitution in the diffusion stage are used in the encryption phase of the algorithm. The strong correlation between contiguous elements in the host image is effectually reduced using Pseudo Hadamard transformation and entropy in the cipher image is enhanced using Gingerbreadman chaotic substitution. Secrete key length used in the algorithm is 128 bits, these are the initial conditions for Gingerbreadman chaotic generator. The elements of S-box in the substitution stage are considered from this random sequence generator. Experimental exploration including information entropy, correlation analysis, sensitivity analysis, key space analysis and computational complexity have been performed on set of standard images. Results obtained are better compared to many existing systems.

scholarly journals Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hyperchaotic Maps and Nucleotide Sequences Database

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Niu ◽  
Xuncai Zhang ◽  
Feng Han
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Differential Attack ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Pixel Location ◽  
Digital Image Encryption ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

Image encryption technology is one of the main means to ensure the safety of image information. Using the characteristics of chaos, such as randomness, regularity, ergodicity, and initial value sensitiveness, combined with the unique space conformation of DNA molecules and their unique information storage and processing ability, an efficient method for image encryption based on the chaos theory and a DNA sequence database is proposed. In this paper, digital image encryption employs a process of transforming the image pixel gray value by using chaotic sequence scrambling image pixel location and establishing superchaotic mapping, which maps quaternary sequences and DNA sequences, and by combining with the logic of the transformation between DNA sequences. The bases are replaced under the displaced rules by using DNA coding in a certain number of iterations that are based on the enhanced quaternary hyperchaotic sequence; the sequence is generated by Chen chaos. The cipher feedback mode and chaos iteration are employed in the encryption process to enhance the confusion and diffusion properties of the algorithm. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only demonstrates excellent encryption but also effectively resists chosen-plaintext attack, statistical attack, and differential attack.

An efficient image encryption scheme using lookup table-based confusion and diffusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-xin Chen ◽  
Zhi-liang Zhu ◽  
Chong Fu ◽  
Li-bo Zhang ◽  
Yushu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

Fusion of confusion and diffusion: a novel image encryption approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmapriya Praveenkumar ◽  
Rengarajan Amirtharajan ◽  
Karuppuswamy Thenmozhi ◽  
John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

COLOR IMAGE ENCRYPTION BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350071 ◽  
Author(s):  
PING PING ◽  
FENG XU ◽  
ZHI-JIAN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Color Image Encryption ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Key Space ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

Cellular automaton (CA) has a lot of inherent features, such as simple regular structure, local interaction, random-like behavior and massive parallelism, which make it a good candidate to design cryptosystems. Therefore, a number of CA-based image encryption systems have been proposed, though the drawbacks of small key space and weak security in one-dimensional (1D) CA cryptosystems are obvious. In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme is presented using a two-dimensional (2D) CA with nonlinear balanced rules. During the whole process of encryption, the confusion operation is performed by the nonlinear rule of CA, while the diffusion operation is achieved by the local interactions among cells. So confusion and diffusion are well integrated in our proposed scheme. The corresponding simulations and analyses illustrate that the scheme has quite prominent cryptographic properties as well as high security.

scholarly journals An image encryption scheme based on public key cryptosystem and quantum logistic map

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Ye ◽  
Kaixin Jiao ◽  
Xiaoling Huang ◽  
Bok-Min Goi ◽  
Wun-She Yap
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion

AbstractMost of existing image encryption schemes are proposed in the spatial domain which easily destroys the correlation between pixels. This paper proposes an image encryption scheme by employing discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantum logistic map and substitution-permutation network (SPN). The DCT is used to transform the images in the frequency domain. Meanwhile, the SPN is used to provide the security properties of confusion and diffusion. The SPN provides fast encryption as compared to the asymmetric based image encryption since operations with low computational complexity are used (e.g., exclusive-or and permutation). Different statistical experiments and security analysis are performed against six grayscale and color images to justify the effectiveness and security of the proposed image encryption scheme.

Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
American University ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Education And Development

“The real treasure is in the minds of our children, and all we have to do is extract it.” Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah writes in website Queen Rania Foundation For Education And Development www.qrf.org/en. Rania Al Yassin was born on August 31, 1970. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the American University of Cairo in 1991. She applied this, first, to a banking career in Jordan and, later, to the information technology sector. After marrying Prince Abdullah bin Al Hussein on June 10, 1993, they went on to have four children: Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma, and Prince Hashem. In addition to being a wife and mother, Queen Rania works hard to lift the lives of Jordanians by supporting their endeavours and helping to create new opportunities for them. Locally, she is committed to breathe new life into the public education system; empower communities and women especially through microfinance initiatives; protect children and families; and drive innovation, technology and entrepreneurship, especially amongst young people. Internationally, Queen Rania is an advocate for tolerance, compassion and bridge building between people of all cultures and backgrounds. Her efforts to simultaneously challenge stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims, and promote greater understanding and acceptance between people of all faiths and cultures, have won her global recognition. Her Majesty’s passion is education. She believes that every Jordanian girl and boy, and all children, should have access not only to stimulating classrooms and modern curricula, but inspiring teachers and technology that can connect Jordan’s children to the world and the world to Jordan’s children. Her efforts in the education sector complement the work of the Ministry of Education through initiatives such as the Jordan Education Initiative, the Queen Rania Teachers Academy, Madrasati, Edraak and others. To realize these and so much more, Queen Rania has encouraged private sector partners to drive improvements and strengthen the foundations of Jordan’s education system. Queen Rania is also a global voice for access to quality education for children around the world. In 2009, Her Majesty championed the 1 Goal campaign for education; she is Honorary Chair of the UN Girl’s Education Initiatives and has advocated access to education in forums and gatherings around the world. Her work and her efforts to improve the learning opportunities for children have been recognized at the highest levels, nationally, regionally and internationally. Additionally, through her position on their boards, Her Majesty contributes to the work of the United Nations Fund and the World Economic Forum. She is the Eminent Advocate for UNICEF; and she was part of the UN appointed High Level Panel who advised on the shape and content of the Sustainable Development Goals which aim to improve the lives of millions of people before 2030. In recognition of her work, Her Majesty has humbly accepted many awards, locally, regionally and globally. These include the Walther Rathenau Award from the Walther RathenauInstitut in Germany for her efforts to greater peace and understanding; the James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from Tech Awards, USA; the Arab Knight of Giving Award from Arab Giving Forum, UAE; the North South Prize by the North South Prize, Portugal; as well as the YouTube Visionary Award. Her Majesty authored several books primarily for children including the Sandwich Swap, which was inspired by her own childhood experiences.

Global warming influences dynamics of plague’s epidemic manifestations in XX-XXI centuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
E.S. Zenkevich ◽  
N.V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Level

During the second half of 20th century, a high level of plague incidence in the world was in 1960–1979 and 1990–2009. The significant decrease of infection cases was in 1950–1959, 1980–1989, 2010–2015. It is noticed, that the observed cyclical nature of the alternation of high and low incidence plague’s periods, in many respects related to modern trend of climate fluctuations.

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